塔里木盆地构造不整合成因及对油气成藏的影响
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摘要
本文利用钻井及区域地震资料,对塔里木盆地6个关键构造不整合的结构特征、分布范围开展了详细的研究,确定了不整合面与下伏地层的夹角、遭受剥蚀的方向、剥蚀程度及不整合面的分布,对不整合的成因及其油气成藏作用进行了探讨。加里东中期形成的志留系与上奥陶统构造不整合(T70)主要为由南向北剥蚀,向北剥蚀范围可达阿-满坳陷南部;在盆地南部西昆仑、阿尔金早古生代中期造山构造作用下,形成和田古隆起和卡塔克古隆起,塔北隆起仅在西部有活动。加里东晚期形成的上泥盆统-石炭系与中下泥盆统不整合(T06)主要表现为双向角度不整合特征,盆地受来自南缘和北缘造山带的挤压作用,形成了北、东、南三面连接的周缘环形隆起,塔北隆起构造活动强度及范围大于卡塔克隆起、和田-巴楚隆起。海西期形成的三叠系与二叠系不整合(T50)主要为由北东向南西的剥蚀,存在两个剥蚀阶地现象,盆地主要遭受来自北东和北部的挤压,在塔北隆起西部形成了高角度不整合。印支运动形成的侏罗系与前侏罗系不整合(T46)主要存在于盆地的东北部及西南部,塔北和孔雀河地区形成了中等角度单斜型角度不整合,塔东隆起形成了褶皱角度不整合,巴楚隆起成为塔西南坳陷的前缘隆起。燕山期形成的白垩系与前白垩系不整合(T40)表现为北北东-南南西、北北西-南南东两组方向的抬升剥蚀,盆地西南、东南断隆剥蚀强度大。喜马拉雅早期主要受南北向挤压,形成古近系与前古近系双向的角度不整合(T31),后期巴楚隆起持续抬升剥蚀,大部分缺失白垩系-古近系,盆地受挤压、走滑构造作用明显增强。构造不整合的形成与区域构造运动及不同时期盆地周缘的造山带形成响应,不同时期构造运动的主要作用范围、强度,不仅控制了构造不整合的结构特征和分布,而且控制着古隆起的发育演化,构造不整合对不整合圈闭油气成藏有控制作用。
Utilized regional seismic profiles and well drilled data,we research the structure,original denudation direction,included angle between angle unconformity and underlying beds,and distribution of the 6 major tectonic unconformities in Tarim basin.We analyses tectonic unconformities formation responded to tecto-orogenic process peripheral mountains of basin.Middle Caledonian,the unconformityⅠ(T07,S/O3) in Tarim basin denuded mainly from south to north,and extended to the south margin of Awati-Manjiaer depression.Hetian and Tazhong paleo-uplift formed responsible to the northern of West Kunlun and Altyn-Qilian collision orogen belts occurred.Later Caledonian,the unconformity Ⅱ(T06,(D3d+C)/D1-2) formed angular unconformity with southward and northward erosion mainly,and constructed peripheral uplift of Tarim basin,erosion intensity and denudation extent of Tabei uplift is greater than Katak uplift.Tarim basin lied in compressive tectonic regime from north and south,and then northeast.Hercynian,the unconformity Ⅲ(T05,T/P) denuded from northeast to southeast,occurred two erosion terraces by compressed from northeast and north to southwest,Yingmaili high at western of Tabei uplift presented the most intense.Indosinian,the unconformity Ⅳ(T64,J/T) existed in northeastern,northern and southwestern,medium-angle and monoclinal angular unconformity formed in Tabei and Kongquehe area,folded angular unconformity formed in Tadong faulted-high.Yanshanian,the unconformity Ⅴ(T04,K/J) presented NNE-SSW,NNW-SSN uplift and denudation,denuded intensity is the largest in Bachu uplift and Southeast uplift.Himalayan,the angular unconformity Ⅵ(T13,E /K) derived from S-N compression in early stage,and then sustained uplift absence from Cretaceous to Eocene in Bachu uplift in later stage.Tectonic unconformities formation responded to tectogenesis and the development of peripheral orogenic belt of Tarim basin in different period.Tectogenesis controlled the tectonic unconformities configuration and distribution,and paleo-uplift development.Tectonic unconformities influenced the unconformity trap formation and hydrocarbon accumulation.
Utilized regional seismic profiles and well drilled data,we research the structure,original denudation direction,included angle between angle unconformity and underlying beds,and distribution of the 6 major tectonic unconformities in Tarim basin.We analyses tectonic unconformities formation responded to tecto-orogenic process peripheral mountains of basin.Middle Caledonian,the unconformityⅠ(T07,S/O3) in Tarim basin denuded mainly from south to north,and extended to the south margin of Awati-Manjiaer depression.Hetian and Tazhong paleo-uplift formed responsible to the northern of West Kunlun and Altyn-Qilian collision orogen belts occurred.Later Caledonian,the unconformity Ⅱ(T06,(D3d+C)/D1-2) formed angular unconformity with southward and northward erosion mainly,and constructed peripheral uplift of Tarim basin,erosion intensity and denudation extent of Tabei uplift is greater than Katak uplift.Tarim basin lied in compressive tectonic regime from north and south,and then northeast.Hercynian,the unconformity Ⅲ(T05,T/P) denuded from northeast to southeast,occurred two erosion terraces by compressed from northeast and north to southwest,Yingmaili high at western of Tabei uplift presented the most intense.Indosinian,the unconformity Ⅳ(T64,J/T) existed in northeastern,northern and southwestern,medium-angle and monoclinal angular unconformity formed in Tabei and Kongquehe area,folded angular unconformity formed in Tadong faulted-high.Yanshanian,the unconformity Ⅴ(T04,K/J) presented NNE-SSW,NNW-SSN uplift and denudation,denuded intensity is the largest in Bachu uplift and Southeast uplift.Himalayan,the angular unconformity Ⅵ(T13,E /K) derived from S-N compression in early stage,and then sustained uplift absence from Cretaceous to Eocene in Bachu uplift in later stage.Tectonic unconformities formation responded to tectogenesis and the development of peripheral orogenic belt of Tarim basin in different period.Tectogenesis controlled the tectonic unconformities configuration and distribution,and paleo-uplift development.Tectonic unconformities influenced the unconformity trap formation and hydrocarbon accumulation.
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