琼东南—珠江口盆地深水区构造样式及其分布特征
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摘要
南海区域构造运动复杂,对其北部深水区的构造样式及分类标准尚缺乏全面、系统的研究。为此,以该区琼东南—珠江口盆地为重点研究对象,基于区域地震反射资料,结合盆地的结构特征,分析、总结了深水区构造样式和分布特征。结果表明:①根据构造样式形成的动力学机制,可以将琼东南—珠江口盆地深水区划分为伸展构造样式、走滑构造样式与重力构造样式3类;②伸展构造样式可继续划分为地堑式、平面式半地堑、铲式半地堑及坡坪式半地堑;走滑构造样式主要表现为剖面上的花状构造、平面上的雁列断层及马尾状断层等;重力构造样式表现形式多样,既有以侧向滑动为主要特征的滚动背斜、重力滑动断层,也有以垂向运动为主的垮塌构造、底辟构造;③上述3类构造样式分布于盆地的3个构造层中,与盆地演化过程中所表现出的动力学机制密切相关。伸展构造主要分布于盆地的下构造层(裂陷期盆地);走滑构造分布于中下构造层(裂陷期盆地—裂陷后坳陷期盆地);重力构造样式分布广泛,在盆地深层—浅层均有分布,但表现形式不同。这些成果与认识对该区后续勘探开发具有十分重要的意义。
Regional tectonics is complex in South China Sea and no systematic research of structural styles and classification has beencarried out in the northern deep water. Regional seismic data and structural characteristics of the basin are integrated to study the regional structural styles and distribution in the northern deep water of the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins. (1) Threestructural styles, including extensional, strike slip and gravity structures, are recognized in the study area according to the dynamicmechanism of structural style formation. (2) The extensional structural style can be subdivide into graben, planar half graben, shov-el-like half graben and slope-like half graben. The strike slip structural style occurs vertically as flower structures and laterally asechelon faults and horse tail faults. The gravity structural style appears as rolling anticline and gravitational slip fault featured mainlyby lateral slip, as well as collapse and diapir structure characterized mainly by vertical movement. (3) These structural styles are distributed in 3 structural layers and are closely related to the dynamic mechanisms in the process of basin evolution. The extensionalstructures mainly occur in the lower structural layers (rifted basin). The strike-slip structures are distributed in the mid-lower structural layers (rifted basin-post-rift depressed basin). The gravitational structures are widely distributed in both shallow and deepstructural layers but in different appearances. These understandings are of great significance to future exploration and development.
Regional tectonics is complex in South China Sea and no systematic research of structural styles and classification has beencarried out in the northern deep water. Regional seismic data and structural characteristics of the basin are integrated to study the regional structural styles and distribution in the northern deep water of the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins. (1) Threestructural styles, including extensional, strike slip and gravity structures, are recognized in the study area according to the dynamicmechanism of structural style formation. (2) The extensional structural style can be subdivide into graben, planar half graben, shov-el-like half graben and slope-like half graben. The strike slip structural style occurs vertically as flower structures and laterally asechelon faults and horse tail faults. The gravity structural style appears as rolling anticline and gravitational slip fault featured mainlyby lateral slip, as well as collapse and diapir structure characterized mainly by vertical movement. (3) These structural styles are distributed in 3 structural layers and are closely related to the dynamic mechanisms in the process of basin evolution. The extensionalstructures mainly occur in the lower structural layers (rifted basin). The strike-slip structures are distributed in the mid-lower structural layers (rifted basin-post-rift depressed basin). The gravitational structures are widely distributed in both shallow and deepstructural layers but in different appearances. These understandings are of great significance to future exploration and development.
引文
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[5]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26.
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[8]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.
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[12]能源,漆家福,张春峰,等.金湖凹陷石港断层构造演化及油气聚集特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):667-671,677.
[13]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.
[14]钟建华,李理.黄河断流后三角洲(水上平原)的滑塌构造研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):7-12.
[15]马杏垣,索书田,刘如琦.嵩山构造变形——重力构造、构造解析[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.
[16]索书田,侯光久.鄂东黄石地区三叠纪岩层中发育的重力滑动构造——重力不稳定性在控制构造变形和地质灾害过程中的作用[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(6):1-9.
[17]孙运宝,吴时国,王志君,等.南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):69-77.
[18]吴时国,孙启良,董冬冬.深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):231-240.
[19]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26,32.
[20]张凤久.我国南海天然气开发前景展望[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):17-20.
[2]林长松,高金耀,虞夏军,等.南海北部新生代的构造运动特征[J].海洋学报,2006,28(4):81-86.
[3]王福国,梅廉夫,施和生,等.珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系构造样式分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(4):448-454.
[4]姜华,王华,肖军,等.珠江口盆地珠三坳陷构造反转与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):372-377.
[5]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26.
[6]孙龙涛,周蒂,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷断裂构造特征及其活动期次[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(2):25-31.
[7]何家雄,陈胜红,崔莎莎,等.南海北部大陆边缘深水盆地烃源岩早期预测与评价[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):404-416.
[8]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.
[9]袁玉松,丁玫瑰.南海北部深水区盆地特征及其动力学背景[J].海洋科学,2008,32(12):102-110.
[10]刘昭蜀,赵岩,李希宗,等.珠江口盆地的扩张旋回及其与含油气性的关系[J].热带海洋,1995,14(3):8-15.
[11]戴俊生,陆克政,漆家福,等.渤海湾盆地早第三纪构造样式的演化[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):16-20.
[12]能源,漆家福,张春峰,等.金湖凹陷石港断层构造演化及油气聚集特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):667-671,677.
[13]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.
[14]钟建华,李理.黄河断流后三角洲(水上平原)的滑塌构造研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):7-12.
[15]马杏垣,索书田,刘如琦.嵩山构造变形——重力构造、构造解析[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.
[16]索书田,侯光久.鄂东黄石地区三叠纪岩层中发育的重力滑动构造——重力不稳定性在控制构造变形和地质灾害过程中的作用[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(6):1-9.
[17]孙运宝,吴时国,王志君,等.南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):69-77.
[18]吴时国,孙启良,董冬冬.深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):231-240.
[19]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26,32.
[20]张凤久.我国南海天然气开发前景展望[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):17-20.
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