大型高原内陆咸化湖盆油气特殊成藏条件分析及勘探意义——以柴达木盆地柴西地区为例
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摘要
提出了诸如柴西地区这种大型的高原内陆咸化湖盆4大特殊成藏条件:1)相似于现代青海湖,其具有多物源、小体系、窄相带、多类型的特殊沉积条件;2)受其独特的地质背景及水介质的影响,具有统一生烃坳陷,多个主力生烃中心共存的格局;3)区别于其他大型内陆湖盆单一的油气运移势(诸如鄂尔多斯盆地),其具有多方向发散式的优势油气运移势;4)高海拔活动区油气藏具有"自我封闭"成藏的特征。基于以上特殊成藏条件,提出了柴西地区岩性油气藏勘探除了局限于传统的三角洲前缘相带之外,滩坝砂、藻灰岩及地震引起的滑塌、浊积体成为岩性油气勘探的3大主要接替领域。这种多个主力生烃中心共存的格局和多方向发散式油气运移势的特点,决定了柴西地区的油田将呈现出近源成藏、分散聚集、油气田小而多的特点。因而勘探部署应在老区精细勘探的基础上积极实施低勘探区的石油预探,尤其要加强紧邻主力生烃中心且处于优势油气运移势指向区的阿尔金山前带、甘森及红沟子一带的石油预探。同时,这种"自我封闭"成藏的认识,明确了盆缘稳定抬升区将成为盆地下一步实施储量增长高峰期的主要领域。
The author proposed four major special conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in large saline lacustrine basins of inland plateau(such as the western Qaidam area).First,their sedimentary environment is similar to that of modern Qinghai Lake,featuring in unique deposition conditions such as multi-source,small systems, narrow facies belt and multiple types.Secondly,controlled by unique geological background and water medium,they share the pattern of one hydrocarbon-generation depression with a number of kitchens.Thirdly, different from other large inland lake(such as the Ordos Basin) with a single hydrocarbon migration potential, they have the advantage of multi-directional migration potential of oil and gas.Finally,reservoirs in active re- gions at higher altitude show a "self-closed" pooling pattern.Based on the above four specific reservoiring conditions, the author proposed that oil and gas exploration in western Qadam Basin shall not only focus on delta front deposits,but also on the following three targets;beach bar sand,algal limestone as well as slump and turbidite sandbody caused by earthquakes.In addition,the above-mentioned features determine that the oil fields in western Qaidam have the characteristics of near-source accumulation,wide distribution,small but numerous oil/gas fields.Thus the exploration should be mainly brought before areas close to the main kitchens,such as Altun,Gansen and along Honggouzi.Meanwhile,the understanding of so-called "self-closed" reservoiring pointed out that the uplifted basin margin be the main areas for future reserve growth.
The author proposed four major special conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in large saline lacustrine basins of inland plateau(such as the western Qaidam area).First,their sedimentary environment is similar to that of modern Qinghai Lake,featuring in unique deposition conditions such as multi-source,small systems, narrow facies belt and multiple types.Secondly,controlled by unique geological background and water medium,they share the pattern of one hydrocarbon-generation depression with a number of kitchens.Thirdly, different from other large inland lake(such as the Ordos Basin) with a single hydrocarbon migration potential, they have the advantage of multi-directional migration potential of oil and gas.Finally,reservoirs in active re- gions at higher altitude show a "self-closed" pooling pattern.Based on the above four specific reservoiring conditions, the author proposed that oil and gas exploration in western Qadam Basin shall not only focus on delta front deposits,but also on the following three targets;beach bar sand,algal limestone as well as slump and turbidite sandbody caused by earthquakes.In addition,the above-mentioned features determine that the oil fields in western Qaidam have the characteristics of near-source accumulation,wide distribution,small but numerous oil/gas fields.Thus the exploration should be mainly brought before areas close to the main kitchens,such as Altun,Gansen and along Honggouzi.Meanwhile,the understanding of so-called "self-closed" reservoiring pointed out that the uplifted basin margin be the main areas for future reserve growth.
引文
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[14]吴保祥,段毅,郑朝阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄-王洼子地区长9油层组流体过剩压力与油气运移研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):844-849. Wu Baoxiang,Duan Yi,Zheng Zaoyang,et al.Fluid over pressure and migration of oil and gas from Chang 9 member in Gufengzhuang-Wangwazi area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2008,82(6):844 -849.
[15]刘小琦,邓宏文,李青斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组剩余压力分布及油气运聚条件[J].新疆石油地质,2007,82(2): 143-145. Liu Xiaoqi,Deng Hongwen,Li Qingbin,et al.Distribution of residul pressure and oil-gas migration and accumulation conditions of Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,82(2):143 - 145.
[16]胡见义,吴因业,张静.高海拔与超深地层石油地质若干问题[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):159-167. Hu Jianyi,Wu Yinye,Zhang Jin.Discussion on petroleum geology theory for high-elevation and ultra-deep formations[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):159 -167.
[17]石亚军,陈武杰,曹正林,等.柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪[J].地质学报,2009,83(8): 1178-1187. Shi Yajun,Chen Wujie,CaoZhenglin,et al.Discovery of seismites in the Southwestern Qaidam Basin and its significance for exploration[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2009,83(8 ): 844-849.
[18]郭祖军,李永铁,南征兵,等.羌塘盆地变形构造与油气聚集保存关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):563- 568. Guo Zujun,Li Yongtie,Nan Zhengbing,et al.Relationship between deformation structure and petroleum accumulation and preservation,Qiangtang Basin,Tibet[J].Petroleum Exploration And Development,2008,35(5):5633 -568.
[2]赵文智,汪泽成,王红军,等.中国中、低丰度大油气田基本特征及形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):64-650. Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Zecheng,Wang Hongjun,et al.Principal characteristics and forming conditions for medium-low abundance large scale oil/gas fields in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):64 -650.
[3]Taylor R,Fletcher R L,Raven J A.Preliminary studies on the growth of selected green Tide' algae in laboratory culture:effectsof irradiance,temperature,salinity and nutrients on growth rate[J].Botanica Marina,2001,44:327 -36.
[4]Barron S,Weber C,Marino R,et al.Effects of varying salinity on phytop lankton growth in a low-salinity coastal pond under two nutrient conditions[J].Biol Bulletin,2002,203:260 - 261.
[5]徐宁,吕颂辉,陈菊芳,等.温度和盐度对锥状斯氏藻生长的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(3):36-38. Xu Ning,Lii Songhui,Chen Jufang,et al.The influence of water temperature and salinity on the growth of Scrippsiella trochoidae [J].Marine Environmenal Sceince,2004,23(3): 36-38.
[6]石亚军,曹正林,张小军,等.柴西南地区岩性油气藏富集特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(2):37-41. Shi Yajun,Cao Zhenglin,Zhang Xiaojun,et al.Characteris- tics of hydrocarbon enrichment in lithologic reservoirs in the southwestern Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009, 29(2):37 -41.
[7]包建平,朱翠山,汪立群.柴达木盆地西部原油地球化学特征对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):353-359. Bao Jianping,Zhu Cuishan,Wang Liqun.Geochemical characteristics comparison of crude oil samples from the western Qaidam Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(3):353 -359.
[8]侯平,欧阳华,王震,等.石油二次运移优势路径影响因素及形成动力学条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1): 57-62. Hou Ping,Ouyang Hua,Wang Zhen,et al.Effects factors and dynamic conditions in the formation of preferable paths in oil secondary migration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010,37(1):57-62.
[9]李明诚.油气运移基础理论与油气勘探[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(4):379-383. Li Mingcheng.Basic principles of migration and hydrocarbon exploration.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geoscienees, 2004,29(4):379 -383.
[10]Pratsch J C.根据油气运移路径确定勘探策略[J].宋明雁,译.国外油气勘探,1997,9(1):63-68.
[11]曾治平,郝芳,宋国奇,等.车镇凹陷套尔河洼陷古地层压力演化与油气幕式成藏[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31 (2):193-197. Zeng Zhiping,Hao Fang,SongGuoqi,et al.Palaeo-formation pressure evolution and episodic hydrocarbon accumulation in Tao' erhe depression,Chen zhen Sag[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2010,31(2):193-197.
[12]英亚歌,王震亮,范昌育.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组流体动力作用下的石油运移与聚集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):118-122. Ying Yage,Wang Zhenliang,Fan Yuchang.Oil migration and accumulation under the influence of fluid dynamics in the Yangchang formation,eastern Gansu Province,the Ordos Basin [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(1):118-122. 2004,26(1 ):3 -10.
[13]李丕龙,张善文,宋国奇,等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质, 2004,26(1):3-10. Li Pilong,Zhang Shanwen,Song Guoqi,et al.Forming mechanism of subtle oil pools in fault basins—Taking the Jiyang depression of the Bohaiwan Basin as an example[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2004,26(1 ):3-10.
[14]吴保祥,段毅,郑朝阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄-王洼子地区长9油层组流体过剩压力与油气运移研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):844-849. Wu Baoxiang,Duan Yi,Zheng Zaoyang,et al.Fluid over pressure and migration of oil and gas from Chang 9 member in Gufengzhuang-Wangwazi area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2008,82(6):844 -849.
[15]刘小琦,邓宏文,李青斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组剩余压力分布及油气运聚条件[J].新疆石油地质,2007,82(2): 143-145. Liu Xiaoqi,Deng Hongwen,Li Qingbin,et al.Distribution of residul pressure and oil-gas migration and accumulation conditions of Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,82(2):143 - 145.
[16]胡见义,吴因业,张静.高海拔与超深地层石油地质若干问题[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):159-167. Hu Jianyi,Wu Yinye,Zhang Jin.Discussion on petroleum geology theory for high-elevation and ultra-deep formations[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):159 -167.
[17]石亚军,陈武杰,曹正林,等.柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪[J].地质学报,2009,83(8): 1178-1187. Shi Yajun,Chen Wujie,CaoZhenglin,et al.Discovery of seismites in the Southwestern Qaidam Basin and its significance for exploration[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2009,83(8 ): 844-849.
[18]郭祖军,李永铁,南征兵,等.羌塘盆地变形构造与油气聚集保存关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):563- 568. Guo Zujun,Li Yongtie,Nan Zhengbing,et al.Relationship between deformation structure and petroleum accumulation and preservation,Qiangtang Basin,Tibet[J].Petroleum Exploration And Development,2008,35(5):5633 -568.
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