苏丹红海中部地区盐构造特征及油气勘探潜力分析
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摘要
基于区域地质、钻井及地震资料,分析苏丹红海中部地区的盐层分布、盐构造特征及油气勘探潜力.结果表明:中新统Dungunab组盐层在该区分布广泛、厚度大,发育盐席、盐脊、盐背斜、块状盐体等盐构造形态,差异负载作用是造成盐层厚度及盐构造形态平面差异的主要原因;盐上主要沉积Zeit组砂、泥岩地层,具有自生自储的油气成藏条件,但分布范围受物源及盐丘形态控制,有利勘探区仅局限于评价区西部被盐丘分隔的小的沉积凹陷之内,范围有限;盐上圈闭的形成也主要与盐构造活动有关,发育滚动背斜、穹隆状背斜、盐层侧向封堵形成的地层圈闭及盐披覆构造等4种圈闭类型,其中穹隆背斜位于Zeit组沉积凹陷内,油气成藏条件较好;目前识别的有利圈闭均位于深水区,虽具有一定的资源规模,但海上作业费用昂贵,勘探潜力总体较为有限.
The paper makes an integrated study of the salt distribution,salt tectonics features and exploration potential in the Middle area of the Sudanese Red Sea based on regional geology,wildcats and seismic data.The results indicate that the Mid-Miocene Dungunab Formation has extensive distribution in the Middle of the Sudanese Red Sea and the main salt structure styles include salt sheet,salt ridge,salt anticline and bulk salt body etc;the depositional differential loading of above-salt successions caused the salt thickness and salt structure styles to bring about diverse distribution characteristics.Zeit Fm.is predominately clastics sediments of the above salt successions and its distribution is controlled by the source and salt dome location.There exist several minor deposit sags with thick Zeit formation and having basic petroleum geology conditions,which will become the potential area for salt structure exploration.The formation of local traps of the above salt is related to the salt tectonism and four kinds of prospects,i.e.,roller anticline,anticlines between salt dome,diaper structures on salt dome & statigraphical traps sealed by salt dome laterally,were identified.The domed anticlines which form early and are located in the Zeit Fm.depocenter area are the most favorable exploration target,but the deep water and the great amount of drilling costs will lower their exploration potential.
The paper makes an integrated study of the salt distribution,salt tectonics features and exploration potential in the Middle area of the Sudanese Red Sea based on regional geology,wildcats and seismic data.The results indicate that the Mid-Miocene Dungunab Formation has extensive distribution in the Middle of the Sudanese Red Sea and the main salt structure styles include salt sheet,salt ridge,salt anticline and bulk salt body etc;the depositional differential loading of above-salt successions caused the salt thickness and salt structure styles to bring about diverse distribution characteristics.Zeit Fm.is predominately clastics sediments of the above salt successions and its distribution is controlled by the source and salt dome location.There exist several minor deposit sags with thick Zeit formation and having basic petroleum geology conditions,which will become the potential area for salt structure exploration.The formation of local traps of the above salt is related to the salt tectonism and four kinds of prospects,i.e.,roller anticline,anticlines between salt dome,diaper structures on salt dome & statigraphical traps sealed by salt dome laterally,were identified.The domed anticlines which form early and are located in the Zeit Fm.depocenter area are the most favorable exploration target,but the deep water and the great amount of drilling costs will lower their exploration potential.
引文
[1]邬光辉,刘玉魁,罗俊成,等.库车拗陷盐构造特征及其对油气成藏的作用[J].地球学报,2003,24(3):249-254.
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[3]陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造,等.库车拗陷西段盐构造及其与油气的关系[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):30-34.
[4]TANG Liangjie,JI A Chengzao,JI N Zhijun,et al.Salt tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of Kuqa foreland fold belt,Tari m Basin,NWChina[J].Journal of PetroleumScience and Engineering,2004,41(123):97-108.
[5]胡剑峰,刘玉魁,杨明慧.塔里木盆地库车拗陷盐构造特征及其与油气的关系[J].地质科学,2004,39(4):580-588.
[6]刘晓峰,解习农.与盐构造相关的流体流动和油气运聚[J].地学前缘,2001,8(4):343-349.
[7]杨长清.江陵凹陷盐构造及与油气聚集的关系[J].断块油气田,2004,11(3):4-6.
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[9]贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,等.盐构造与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):17-19.
[10]Edgell HS.Salt tectonisminthe persian gulf basin[C]∥Alsop GI,Blundell DJ,DavisonI.Salt Tectonics.London:Geological So-ciety,1996:129-151.
[11]Swartz D H,JR D D A.Geologic history of red sea area[J].AAPG Bulletin,1960,44(10):1621-1637.
[12]王国林.红海盆地Tokar地区构造成因与圈闭样式[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):475-479.
[13]Crossly R,Watkins C,Raven M,et al.The sedi mentary evolution of the red sea and gulf of aden[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1992,15(2):155-172.
[14]Bunter M A,Abdel M A E.The sudanese red sea:1.New developments in stratigraphy and petroleum-geological evolution[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1989,12(2):145-166.
[15]Bunter MA,Abdel MAE.The sudanese red sea:2.Newdevelopmentsin petroleumgeochemistry[J].Journal of Petroleum Geolo-gy,1989,12(2):167-186.
[16]汤良杰,余一欣,陈书平,等.含油气盆地盐构造研究进展[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):375-383.
[17]Jackson MP A,Talbot C J.External shapes,strain rates,and dynamics of salt structures[J].GSA Bulletin,1986,97(3):305-323.
[18]Hudec M R,Jackson MP A.Terra infirma:Understanding salt tectonics[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2007,82:1-28.
[2]Jackson MP A.Retrospective salt tectonics[J].AAPG Memoir,1995,65:1-28.
[3]陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造,等.库车拗陷西段盐构造及其与油气的关系[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):30-34.
[4]TANG Liangjie,JI A Chengzao,JI N Zhijun,et al.Salt tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of Kuqa foreland fold belt,Tari m Basin,NWChina[J].Journal of PetroleumScience and Engineering,2004,41(123):97-108.
[5]胡剑峰,刘玉魁,杨明慧.塔里木盆地库车拗陷盐构造特征及其与油气的关系[J].地质科学,2004,39(4):580-588.
[6]刘晓峰,解习农.与盐构造相关的流体流动和油气运聚[J].地学前缘,2001,8(4):343-349.
[7]杨长清.江陵凹陷盐构造及与油气聚集的关系[J].断块油气田,2004,11(3):4-6.
[8]徐文世,于兴河,刘妮娜,等.蒸发岩与沉积盆地的含油气性[J].新疆石油地质,2005,25(6):715-718.
[9]贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,等.盐构造与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):17-19.
[10]Edgell HS.Salt tectonisminthe persian gulf basin[C]∥Alsop GI,Blundell DJ,DavisonI.Salt Tectonics.London:Geological So-ciety,1996:129-151.
[11]Swartz D H,JR D D A.Geologic history of red sea area[J].AAPG Bulletin,1960,44(10):1621-1637.
[12]王国林.红海盆地Tokar地区构造成因与圈闭样式[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):475-479.
[13]Crossly R,Watkins C,Raven M,et al.The sedi mentary evolution of the red sea and gulf of aden[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1992,15(2):155-172.
[14]Bunter M A,Abdel M A E.The sudanese red sea:1.New developments in stratigraphy and petroleum-geological evolution[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1989,12(2):145-166.
[15]Bunter MA,Abdel MAE.The sudanese red sea:2.Newdevelopmentsin petroleumgeochemistry[J].Journal of Petroleum Geolo-gy,1989,12(2):167-186.
[16]汤良杰,余一欣,陈书平,等.含油气盆地盐构造研究进展[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):375-383.
[17]Jackson MP A,Talbot C J.External shapes,strain rates,and dynamics of salt structures[J].GSA Bulletin,1986,97(3):305-323.
[18]Hudec M R,Jackson MP A.Terra infirma:Understanding salt tectonics[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2007,82:1-28.
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