跨孔直流电阻率法CT勘探技术研究
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摘要
常用电阻率法的空间效应和视电阻率拟断面记录点对应深度方面的经验性,使其工程应用受到限制.根据电场的基本理论和地震CT勘探的原理,提出了利用在平行钻孔中布设电极、然后利用一孔的电极供电、另一孔的电极同时测量的拟震式单极——单极跨孔直流电阻率法CT勘探技术,并编制了相关的数据处理软件.通过对砼模型在水压致裂过程中电阻率变化的测试,证明了该技术的可行性.
Resistivity methods in common use have many shortcomings,such as steric effect and experienced in the homologous depth of measuring points of apparent resistivity pseudo sections,so their applications come under limitation.According to the fundamental principles of the electric field and the theory of seismic CT prospecting,the prospecting technology of simulating-seismic pole-pole cross-hole direct-current resistivity method CT has been brought forward.It sets many electrodes in two parallel boreholes,and then uses one current electrode that is in one borehole to perform power supply,at the same time,all electrodes in another borehole conduct synchronous prospecting.Thereby the data processing software is programmed.The feasibility of this technology has been validated by prospecting the resistivity varition of a concrete model under hydro-fracturing.
Resistivity methods in common use have many shortcomings,such as steric effect and experienced in the homologous depth of measuring points of apparent resistivity pseudo sections,so their applications come under limitation.According to the fundamental principles of the electric field and the theory of seismic CT prospecting,the prospecting technology of simulating-seismic pole-pole cross-hole direct-current resistivity method CT has been brought forward.It sets many electrodes in two parallel boreholes,and then uses one current electrode that is in one borehole to perform power supply,at the same time,all electrodes in another borehole conduct synchronous prospecting.Thereby the data processing software is programmed.The feasibility of this technology has been validated by prospecting the resistivity varition of a concrete model under hydro-fracturing.
引文
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[2] 傅良魁.电法勘探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1983． Fu L K. Course in electric surveying[M]. Beijing: Geology Press, 1983．
[3] 苏永军,胡清龙,容娇君,等.高密度电阻率法技术与研究[J]. 西部探矿工程,2007,19(1 0) :41-43． Su Y J,Hu Q L,Rong J J,et al. The technology and study on high density resistivity method[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2007,19 (10) : 41-43．
[4] 阮百尧,单娜琳.电阻率影像法及在水文和工程地质中的应用[J].工程勘察,2000,1:22-24． Ruan B Y, Shan N L. Resistivity image method and its application to hydrogeology and engineering [J]. Geology Geotechnical Investigation ＆-Surveying, 2000,1 : 22-24．
[5] 底青云,石昆法,王妙月,等.CSAMT法和高密度电法探测地下水资源[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :53-57． Di Q Y,Shi K F,Wang M Y,et al.Water resources exploration with CSAMT and high density electrical resistivity method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(3) :53-57．
[6] 朱伟忠,张虎生,刘晓东.高密度电法在工程物探中的应用[J].工程勘察,2001(4) :64-66． Zhu W H,Zhang H S, Liu X D. Application of high density resistivity method to engineering geophysics [J]. Geology Geoteehnical Investigation ＆ Surveying, 2001 (4) : 64-66．
[7] Ahmed A M,Sulaiman W N. Evaluation of groundwater and soil pollution in a landfill area using electrical resistivity imaging survey[J]. Environmental Management,2001,28(5) : 655-663．
[8] Aeworth R I, Dasey G R. Mapping of the hyporheie zone around a tidal creek using a combination of borehole logging, borehole electrical tomography and cross-creek electrical imaging, New South Wales, Australia [J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2003,11 : 368-377．
[9] Benkabbour B, Toto E A, Fakir Y. Using DC resistivity method to characterize the geometry and the salinity of the Plioquaternary consolidated coastal aquifer of the Mamora plain, Morocco [J]. Environmental Geology, 2004, 45 : 518-526．
[10] McGrath R J, Styles P, Thomas E, et al. Integrated highresolution geophysical investigations as potential tools for water resource investigations in karst terrain [J]. Environmental Geology, 2002,42: 552-557．
[11] 苏永军,王绪本,罗建群.高密度电阻率法在三星堆壕沟考古勘探中应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :268-272． Su Y J,Wang X B, Luo J Q. The ahaeological application of high-density resistivity method to ditch exploration on Sanxingdui Site [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22 (1) :268-272．
[12] 沈鸿雁,袁炳强,肖忠祥,等.晋阳古城遗址考古地球物理特征[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1291-1298． Shen H Y, Yuan B Q, Xiao Z X, et al. Geophysical exploration for archaeology in the ancient city of Jinyang, China[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4) :1291-1298．
[13] 王启军,胡延林,都兴锋,等.高密度电阻率法在工程勘查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :335-339． Wang Q J, Hu Y L, Du X F, et al. Application of the high- density resistivity method in project exploration[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2009,24(1) : 335-339．
[14] 冯锐,李智明,李志武,等.电阻率层析成像技术[J].中国地震,2004,20(1) :13-30． Feng R, Li Z M, Li Z W, et al. Resistivity tomography[J]. Earthquake Research in China,2004,20(1) :13-30．
[15] 王桦,程桦,荣传新.基于高密度电阻率法的松动圈测试技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(3) :53-57． Wang H,Cheng H,Rong C X. Research on measurement and test technology of strata released zone base on high density resistivity method[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2008,36 (3) :53-57．
[16] 董浩斌,王传雷.浅议高密度电法几个问题[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(增刊1) :120-125． Dong H B, Wang C L. Some problems in two-dimensional resistivity imaging [J]. Geology and Prospecting, 2003, 39 (supplement 1) : 120-125．
[17] 黄俊革,王家林,阮百尧.三维高密度电阻率E-SCAN法有限元模拟异常特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1206-1214． Huang J G,Wang J L,Ruan B Y. A study on FEM modeling of anomalies of 3-D high-density E-SCAN resistivity survey[J]. Chinese Journal Geophysics, 2006,49(4) : 1206-1214．
[18] 朱涛,冯锐,徐中信.垂直线电流源的三维电阻率成像[J].CT理论与应用研究,2004,13(2) :1-5． Zhu T,Feng R,Xu Z X. 3-D resistivity inversion of a vertical line source of current[J]. CT Theory and Applications,2004, 13(2) :1-5．
[19] Marlinhip F, Almeida F. 3D behaviour of contamination in landfill sites using 2D resistivity/IP imaging: case studiesin Portugal[J]. Environ Geol, 2006,49:1071-1078．
[20] 王衍森,杨维好,任彦龙.冻结法凿井冻结温度场的数值反演与模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(5) :626-629． Wang Y S,Yang W H,Ren Y L. Numerical back analysis and simulation of temperature field for shaft sinking with artificial ground freezing method[J]. Journal of China University of Mining ＆ Technology, 2005,34(5) : 626-629．
[21] 王鸣鹏.CT检查技术学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2004． Wang M P. CT checking science of technology [M].Shanghai : Fudan University Press, 2004．
[22] 郑穗生,高斌,鲍家启.CT诊断与临床[M].合肥:安徽科学 技术出版社,2005． Zheng S S,Gao B,Bao J Q. CT doagnostics and clinic[M]. Hefei : Anhui Science and Technology Press, 2005．
[23] 张雪哲,卢延.CT介入放射学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996． Zhang X Z,Lu Y. CT interventional radiology[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 1996．
[24] 邱庆程,李伟和.跨孔地震CT层析成像在岩溶勘察中的应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25(3) :236-240． Qiu Q C, Li W H. The application of crosshole seismic CT method to the detection of karst caves in bridge foundation investigation[J]. Geophysical ＆ Geochemical Exploration, 2001,25(3) : 236-240．
[25] 莫涛,赵杰,聂德福,等.OCr18Ni9裂纹试样的室温蠕变现象及对裂纹扩展的延滞效应[J].机械强度,2007,29(6) :997-1000． Mo T, Zhao J, Nie D F, et al. Occurrence of room temperature creep in OCr18Ni9 CTspecimen and retardation effect to subsequent crack growth[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2007,29(6) : 997-1000．
[26] 刘勇,曾理,邹晓兵.基于脊波变换的三维工业CT图像空间距离测量[J].南昌航空大学学报(自然科学版),2007,21 (3) :66-70． Liu Y, Zeng L, Zou X B. Space distance measurement of industrial computed tomography based on ridgelet transform [J]. Journal of Nanchang Hangkung University (Natural science) ,2007,21(3) : 66-70．
[27] 孙玉发.电磁场与电磁波[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2006． Sun Y F. Electromagnetic field ＆ electromagnetic wave[M]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology Press,2006．
[28] 王桦,程桦,刘盛东.基于二极电阻率法的并行电法勘探技术[J].物探与化探,2008,32(1) :44-48． Wang H, Cheng H, Liu S D. The parallel electrical prospecting technology base on the pole-pole resistivity method[J]. Geophysical ＆ Geochemical Exploration, 2008, 32(1) :44-48．
[29] 李朝晖.数字图像处理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004． Li C H. Digital image processing and applying[M]. Beijing: Machine-Building Industry Press,2004．
[2] 傅良魁.电法勘探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1983． Fu L K. Course in electric surveying[M]. Beijing: Geology Press, 1983．
[3] 苏永军,胡清龙,容娇君,等.高密度电阻率法技术与研究[J]. 西部探矿工程,2007,19(1 0) :41-43． Su Y J,Hu Q L,Rong J J,et al. The technology and study on high density resistivity method[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2007,19 (10) : 41-43．
[4] 阮百尧,单娜琳.电阻率影像法及在水文和工程地质中的应用[J].工程勘察,2000,1:22-24． Ruan B Y, Shan N L. Resistivity image method and its application to hydrogeology and engineering [J]. Geology Geotechnical Investigation ＆-Surveying, 2000,1 : 22-24．
[5] 底青云,石昆法,王妙月,等.CSAMT法和高密度电法探测地下水资源[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :53-57． Di Q Y,Shi K F,Wang M Y,et al.Water resources exploration with CSAMT and high density electrical resistivity method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(3) :53-57．
[6] 朱伟忠,张虎生,刘晓东.高密度电法在工程物探中的应用[J].工程勘察,2001(4) :64-66． Zhu W H,Zhang H S, Liu X D. Application of high density resistivity method to engineering geophysics [J]. Geology Geoteehnical Investigation ＆ Surveying, 2001 (4) : 64-66．
[7] Ahmed A M,Sulaiman W N. Evaluation of groundwater and soil pollution in a landfill area using electrical resistivity imaging survey[J]. Environmental Management,2001,28(5) : 655-663．
[8] Aeworth R I, Dasey G R. Mapping of the hyporheie zone around a tidal creek using a combination of borehole logging, borehole electrical tomography and cross-creek electrical imaging, New South Wales, Australia [J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2003,11 : 368-377．
[9] Benkabbour B, Toto E A, Fakir Y. Using DC resistivity method to characterize the geometry and the salinity of the Plioquaternary consolidated coastal aquifer of the Mamora plain, Morocco [J]. Environmental Geology, 2004, 45 : 518-526．
[10] McGrath R J, Styles P, Thomas E, et al. Integrated highresolution geophysical investigations as potential tools for water resource investigations in karst terrain [J]. Environmental Geology, 2002,42: 552-557．
[11] 苏永军,王绪本,罗建群.高密度电阻率法在三星堆壕沟考古勘探中应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :268-272． Su Y J,Wang X B, Luo J Q. The ahaeological application of high-density resistivity method to ditch exploration on Sanxingdui Site [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22 (1) :268-272．
[12] 沈鸿雁,袁炳强,肖忠祥,等.晋阳古城遗址考古地球物理特征[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1291-1298． Shen H Y, Yuan B Q, Xiao Z X, et al. Geophysical exploration for archaeology in the ancient city of Jinyang, China[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4) :1291-1298．
[13] 王启军,胡延林,都兴锋,等.高密度电阻率法在工程勘查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :335-339． Wang Q J, Hu Y L, Du X F, et al. Application of the high- density resistivity method in project exploration[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2009,24(1) : 335-339．
[14] 冯锐,李智明,李志武,等.电阻率层析成像技术[J].中国地震,2004,20(1) :13-30． Feng R, Li Z M, Li Z W, et al. Resistivity tomography[J]. Earthquake Research in China,2004,20(1) :13-30．
[15] 王桦,程桦,荣传新.基于高密度电阻率法的松动圈测试技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(3) :53-57． Wang H,Cheng H,Rong C X. Research on measurement and test technology of strata released zone base on high density resistivity method[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2008,36 (3) :53-57．
[16] 董浩斌,王传雷.浅议高密度电法几个问题[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(增刊1) :120-125． Dong H B, Wang C L. Some problems in two-dimensional resistivity imaging [J]. Geology and Prospecting, 2003, 39 (supplement 1) : 120-125．
[17] 黄俊革,王家林,阮百尧.三维高密度电阻率E-SCAN法有限元模拟异常特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1206-1214． Huang J G,Wang J L,Ruan B Y. A study on FEM modeling of anomalies of 3-D high-density E-SCAN resistivity survey[J]. Chinese Journal Geophysics, 2006,49(4) : 1206-1214．
[18] 朱涛,冯锐,徐中信.垂直线电流源的三维电阻率成像[J].CT理论与应用研究,2004,13(2) :1-5． Zhu T,Feng R,Xu Z X. 3-D resistivity inversion of a vertical line source of current[J]. CT Theory and Applications,2004, 13(2) :1-5．
[19] Marlinhip F, Almeida F. 3D behaviour of contamination in landfill sites using 2D resistivity/IP imaging: case studiesin Portugal[J]. Environ Geol, 2006,49:1071-1078．
[20] 王衍森,杨维好,任彦龙.冻结法凿井冻结温度场的数值反演与模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(5) :626-629． Wang Y S,Yang W H,Ren Y L. Numerical back analysis and simulation of temperature field for shaft sinking with artificial ground freezing method[J]. Journal of China University of Mining ＆ Technology, 2005,34(5) : 626-629．
[21] 王鸣鹏.CT检查技术学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2004． Wang M P. CT checking science of technology [M].Shanghai : Fudan University Press, 2004．
[22] 郑穗生,高斌,鲍家启.CT诊断与临床[M].合肥:安徽科学 技术出版社,2005． Zheng S S,Gao B,Bao J Q. CT doagnostics and clinic[M]. Hefei : Anhui Science and Technology Press, 2005．
[23] 张雪哲,卢延.CT介入放射学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996． Zhang X Z,Lu Y. CT interventional radiology[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 1996．
[24] 邱庆程,李伟和.跨孔地震CT层析成像在岩溶勘察中的应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25(3) :236-240． Qiu Q C, Li W H. The application of crosshole seismic CT method to the detection of karst caves in bridge foundation investigation[J]. Geophysical ＆ Geochemical Exploration, 2001,25(3) : 236-240．
[25] 莫涛,赵杰,聂德福,等.OCr18Ni9裂纹试样的室温蠕变现象及对裂纹扩展的延滞效应[J].机械强度,2007,29(6) :997-1000． Mo T, Zhao J, Nie D F, et al. Occurrence of room temperature creep in OCr18Ni9 CTspecimen and retardation effect to subsequent crack growth[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2007,29(6) : 997-1000．
[26] 刘勇,曾理,邹晓兵.基于脊波变换的三维工业CT图像空间距离测量[J].南昌航空大学学报(自然科学版),2007,21 (3) :66-70． Liu Y, Zeng L, Zou X B. Space distance measurement of industrial computed tomography based on ridgelet transform [J]. Journal of Nanchang Hangkung University (Natural science) ,2007,21(3) : 66-70．
[27] 孙玉发.电磁场与电磁波[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2006． Sun Y F. Electromagnetic field ＆ electromagnetic wave[M]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology Press,2006．
[28] 王桦,程桦,刘盛东.基于二极电阻率法的并行电法勘探技术[J].物探与化探,2008,32(1) :44-48． Wang H, Cheng H, Liu S D. The parallel electrical prospecting technology base on the pole-pole resistivity method[J]. Geophysical ＆ Geochemical Exploration, 2008, 32(1) :44-48．
[29] 李朝晖.数字图像处理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004． Li C H. Digital image processing and applying[M]. Beijing: Machine-Building Industry Press,2004．
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