双程声波方程叠前逆时深度偏移的成像条件
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摘要
成像条件是决定波动方程叠前逆时深度偏移效果的重要因素之一。本文从构造成像角度研究了不同的成像条件计算方法在双程声波方程叠前逆时深度偏移中的应用效果。模型试验表明,不论采用何种成像条件,基于双程波方程的叠前逆时深度偏移均会产生较强的层间反射,该反射会恶化浅层成像结果。应用波场归一化互相关成像条件时,层间反射的影响相对较弱;基于波场互相关的逆时偏移成像条件对深部构造的成像能力总体上优于求解程函方程得到的成像条件;而归一化互相关成像条件能够在对地震波进行偏移成像的同时补偿深层能量,在相同条件下,它对深部地层的成像能力更强。
Imaging condition is one of the important factors which affect the performance and effects of wave equation pre-stack reverse-time depth migration. From the point of view in structure imaging, the application effects which the different imaging condition calculation algorithms applied to the two-way acoustic wave equation pre-stack reverse-time depth migration were studied in this paper. The modeling tests show that for any given imaging conditions, the strong interlayer reflection will be generated for two-way acoustic wave equation pre-stack reverse-time depth migration, the interlayer reflection will deteriorate imaging effects for the shallow layers, if applying wave field normalized cross-correlation imaging condition, the influence for the interlayer reflection will be weaker. For the imaging effects of deep structures, the imaging condition which is based on wave field cross-correlation reverse-time migration is better than the imaging condition which are derived from solution of eikonal equation, it is believed that the normalized cross-correlation imaging condition could compensate the energy for the deep strata while it is being used to migrate the seismic wave. Under the same circumstance, better imaging effects can be achieved by applying the normalized cross-correlation imaging condition.
Imaging condition is one of the important factors which affect the performance and effects of wave equation pre-stack reverse-time depth migration. From the point of view in structure imaging, the application effects which the different imaging condition calculation algorithms applied to the two-way acoustic wave equation pre-stack reverse-time depth migration were studied in this paper. The modeling tests show that for any given imaging conditions, the strong interlayer reflection will be generated for two-way acoustic wave equation pre-stack reverse-time depth migration, the interlayer reflection will deteriorate imaging effects for the shallow layers, if applying wave field normalized cross-correlation imaging condition, the influence for the interlayer reflection will be weaker. For the imaging effects of deep structures, the imaging condition which is based on wave field cross-correlation reverse-time migration is better than the imaging condition which are derived from solution of eikonal equation, it is believed that the normalized cross-correlation imaging condition could compensate the energy for the deep strata while it is being used to migrate the seismic wave. Under the same circumstance, better imaging effects can be achieved by applying the normalized cross-correlation imaging condition.
引文
[1]Loewenthal D and Mulfti I R.Reverse ti me migration in spatial frequency domain.Geophysics,1983,46(3):627~635
[2]Mc Mechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of ti me-dependent boundary values.Geophysical Prospec-ting,1983,31(2):413~420
[3]Sun R,Mc Mechan G Aet al.Prestack scalar reverse-ti me depth migration of3D elastic seismic data.Geo-physics,2006,71(5):S199~S207
[4]Chattopadhyay S,Mc Mechan G A.I maging conditions for prestack reverse-ti me migration.Geophysics,2008,73(3):S81~S89
[5]Steve T H.Reverse-ti me depth migration:I mpedance i maging condition.Geophysics,1987,52(8):1060~1064
[6]Loewenthal D and Hu L.Two methods for compu-ting the i maging conditions for common-shot prestack migration.Geophysics,1991,56(3):378~381
[7]Schleicher J and Costa J Cet al.Acomparison of i m-aging conditions for wave-equation shot-profile migra-tion.Geophysics,2008,73(6):S219~S227
[8]Kaelin Band Guitton A.I maging condions for reverse ti me migration.SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2007,26:2594~2598
[9]丁仁伟,李振春,孙小东等.叠前逆时深度偏移中的激发时间成像条件.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1859~1865
[10]唐巍,李磊.多层垂直对称轴横向各向同性介质精确走时计算.地震学报,2008,30(4):367~376
[11]Sava P and Fomel S.Huygens wavefront tracing:A robust alternative to ray tracing.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:1961~1964
[12]Moser T,Shortest path calculation of seismic rays.Geophysics,1991,56(1):59~67
[13]刘洪,孟繁林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局方法.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):821~831
[14]张美根,程冰洁,李小凡等.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1467~1474
[15]Qin F H,Lou Y,and Ki m B O et al.Finite-differ-ence solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts.Geophysics,1992,57(3):478~487
[16]Vidale J.Finite difference calculation of travelti me in three di mensions.Geophysics,1990,55(3):521~526
[17]何兵寿.矢量波场叠前逆时深度偏移方法研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国石油大学,2002
[18]王华忠,谢海兵,马在田.有限差分法地震波走时计算.同济大学学报,1997,25(3):318~321
[19]Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36(3):467~481
[20]董良国,马在田等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411~419
[21]Berfenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for the ab-sorption of electromagnetics waves.Journal Compu-tation Physics,1994,114(2):185~200
[22]Liu F Q,Zhang G Qand Morton S Aet al.Reverse-ti me migration using one-way wavefield i maging con-dition.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2007,26:2170~2174
[23]Bulcao A,Filho D MS and Mansur J.I mproved quali-ty of depthI mages using Reverse ti me migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2407~2411
[24]Yoon Kand Marfurt K.Reverse-ti me migration using the pointing vector.Exploration Geophysics,2006,59(1):102~107
[25]Fletcher R P,Fowler P J,Kitchenside P et al.Sup-pressing unwanted internal reflections in prestack re-verse-ti me migration.Geophysics,2006,71(6):E79~E82
[26]Guitton A,Kaelin B and Biondi B,Least-squares at-tenuation of reverse-ti me-migration artifacts.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:2348~2352
[2]Mc Mechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of ti me-dependent boundary values.Geophysical Prospec-ting,1983,31(2):413~420
[3]Sun R,Mc Mechan G Aet al.Prestack scalar reverse-ti me depth migration of3D elastic seismic data.Geo-physics,2006,71(5):S199~S207
[4]Chattopadhyay S,Mc Mechan G A.I maging conditions for prestack reverse-ti me migration.Geophysics,2008,73(3):S81~S89
[5]Steve T H.Reverse-ti me depth migration:I mpedance i maging condition.Geophysics,1987,52(8):1060~1064
[6]Loewenthal D and Hu L.Two methods for compu-ting the i maging conditions for common-shot prestack migration.Geophysics,1991,56(3):378~381
[7]Schleicher J and Costa J Cet al.Acomparison of i m-aging conditions for wave-equation shot-profile migra-tion.Geophysics,2008,73(6):S219~S227
[8]Kaelin Band Guitton A.I maging condions for reverse ti me migration.SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2007,26:2594~2598
[9]丁仁伟,李振春,孙小东等.叠前逆时深度偏移中的激发时间成像条件.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1859~1865
[10]唐巍,李磊.多层垂直对称轴横向各向同性介质精确走时计算.地震学报,2008,30(4):367~376
[11]Sava P and Fomel S.Huygens wavefront tracing:A robust alternative to ray tracing.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:1961~1964
[12]Moser T,Shortest path calculation of seismic rays.Geophysics,1991,56(1):59~67
[13]刘洪,孟繁林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局方法.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):821~831
[14]张美根,程冰洁,李小凡等.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1467~1474
[15]Qin F H,Lou Y,and Ki m B O et al.Finite-differ-ence solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts.Geophysics,1992,57(3):478~487
[16]Vidale J.Finite difference calculation of travelti me in three di mensions.Geophysics,1990,55(3):521~526
[17]何兵寿.矢量波场叠前逆时深度偏移方法研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国石油大学,2002
[18]王华忠,谢海兵,马在田.有限差分法地震波走时计算.同济大学学报,1997,25(3):318~321
[19]Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36(3):467~481
[20]董良国,马在田等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411~419
[21]Berfenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for the ab-sorption of electromagnetics waves.Journal Compu-tation Physics,1994,114(2):185~200
[22]Liu F Q,Zhang G Qand Morton S Aet al.Reverse-ti me migration using one-way wavefield i maging con-dition.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2007,26:2170~2174
[23]Bulcao A,Filho D MS and Mansur J.I mproved quali-ty of depthI mages using Reverse ti me migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2407~2411
[24]Yoon Kand Marfurt K.Reverse-ti me migration using the pointing vector.Exploration Geophysics,2006,59(1):102~107
[25]Fletcher R P,Fowler P J,Kitchenside P et al.Sup-pressing unwanted internal reflections in prestack re-verse-ti me migration.Geophysics,2006,71(6):E79~E82
[26]Guitton A,Kaelin B and Biondi B,Least-squares at-tenuation of reverse-ti me-migration artifacts.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:2348~2352
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