活动断裂带的地形地貌差异与红外亮温年变特征的研究
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摘要
利用NOAA卫星夜间第五通道红外影像和数字高程资料,以青藏高原北部的东昆仑断裂、阿尔金断裂和祁连山-海原断裂为例,定量分析了在地震活动相对平静的年份内活动断裂的地形地貌差异与红外辐射的动态变化.研究结果表明,断裂两盘的垂直升降差异是导致活动断裂红外亮温差异的主要原因,地形与红外亮温保持了良好的负相关性,并且这种负相关性与气温垂直递减率基本统一,这说明提取震前红外辐射异常时首先应考虑剔除区域气候的影响.此外断裂两侧的岩性差异、水系分布以及人文环境等地形地貌因素对断裂带的红外亮温也产生一定作用.对活动断裂进行红外辐射亮温年变形态的研究,能为有效提取震前红外辐射异常积累一些有意义的经验和认识.
By using the CH5 infrared(IR) night-time thermal images of the NOAA satellite and the digital elevation models(DEM),this thesis studies the dynamic change of the IR brightness temperature on the active faults in the years without major earthquake.Taking several examples of the eastern Kunlun fault,the Altyn fault and the Qiliansha-Haiyuan fault which are seated on the northern of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,the results show that topography has a dominate control on the yearly change of IR brightness temperature on the both sides of the faults,of which the IR brightness temperature are well negatively correlated with elevation variations,and the negative correlation comply with the vertical lapse rate of the temperature basically.Besides of this,rock differences,distribution of water and frequent human activity have also effect on the both sides of faults.It is of great importance to study the IR radiation brightness temperature seasonal changes on fault,it would provide some reference and help for the effects of earthquake prediction by means of satellite remote sensing IR technique.
By using the CH5 infrared(IR) night-time thermal images of the NOAA satellite and the digital elevation models(DEM),this thesis studies the dynamic change of the IR brightness temperature on the active faults in the years without major earthquake.Taking several examples of the eastern Kunlun fault,the Altyn fault and the Qiliansha-Haiyuan fault which are seated on the northern of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,the results show that topography has a dominate control on the yearly change of IR brightness temperature on the both sides of the faults,of which the IR brightness temperature are well negatively correlated with elevation variations,and the negative correlation comply with the vertical lapse rate of the temperature basically.Besides of this,rock differences,distribution of water and frequent human activity have also effect on the both sides of faults.It is of great importance to study the IR radiation brightness temperature seasonal changes on fault,it would provide some reference and help for the effects of earthquake prediction by means of satellite remote sensing IR technique.
引文
[1]邓志辉,王煜,陈梅花,等.中国大陆几次强地震活动的卫星红外异常分析[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):327~337.Deng Z H,Wang Y,Chen M H,et al.Satellite infrared a-nomaly of several strong earthquakes in China mainland[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2003,25(2):327~337.
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[4]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):91~97.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Formation cause of thermal infraredhigh temperature belt along Honghe fault and its relation toearthquakes[J].Acta seismologica sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(1):91~97.
[5]陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究—以2001年昆仑山8.1级地震为例[J].地震地质,2003,25(1)100~108.Chen M H,Deng Z H,Jia Q H.The relationship between thesatellite infrared anomalies before earthquake and the seismogenicfault—a case study on the 2001 Kunlun earthquake[J].Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese).2003,25(1):100~108.
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[7]马瑾,汪一鹏,陈顺云,等.卫星热红外信息与断层活动关系讨论[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(12):1467~1475.Ma J,Wang Y P,Chen S Y,et al.Insight into correlation be-tween satellite infrared information and faults activities[J].Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2005,15(12):1467~1475.
[8]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490~495.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Counterevidence for an earthquakeprecursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,49(2):490~495.
[9]楚全芝,邓志辉,杨竹转.中国大陆地震构造特点及其在地震危险性预测中的作用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):396~402.Chu Q Z,Deng Z H,Yang Z Z.Seismo-tectonic features and theireffects of the earthquake prediction in China-Mainland[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):396~402.
[10]马超,单新建.昆仑山Ms8.1地震震源参数的多破裂段模拟研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):428~437.Ma C,Shan X J.A multi-segment analytic modeling of hypo-central geometric characteristic parameters of theMs8.1earthquake at the Kunlun Mountains[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2006,49(2):428~437.
[11]葛肖虹,刘永江,任收麦.青藏高原隆升动力学与阿尔金断裂[J].中国地质,2002,29(4):346~350.Ge X H,Liu Y J,Ren S M.Uplift dynamics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Altyn fault[J].Geology in China(in Chi-nese),2002,29(4):346~350.
[12]袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):270~278.Yuan D Y,Zhang P Z,Liu B C,et al.Geometrical imageryand tectonic transformation of late quaternary active tectonicsin northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J].ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,78(2):270~278.
[13]董超华,章国材,邢福源,等.1999.气象卫星业务产品释用手册[Z].北京:气象出版社.Dong C H,Zhang G C,Xing F Y,et al.User guide of mete-orological satellite products[J].Meteorological PublishingHouse(in Chinese),1999,Beijing.
[14]郭卫英,单新建,屈春燕.塔里木盆地红外增温现象与地震关系的探讨[J].干旱区地理.2006,29(5):736~741.Guo W Y,Shan X J,Qu C Y.Correlation between infraredanomalous and earthquakes in Tarim Basin[J].Arid LandGeography(in Chinese),2006,29(5):736~741.
[15]单新建,李建华,马超.昆仑山口西Ms8.1级地震地表破裂带高分辨率卫星影像特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):321~326.Shan X J,Li J H,Ma C.Study on the feature of surface rup-ture zone of the west of Kunlunshan pass earthquake(Ms8.1)with high spatial resolution satellite images[J].Chinese JGeophys(in Chinese),2005,48(2):321~326.
[16]傅碧宏,张松林,谢小平,等.阿尔金断裂系西段—康西瓦断裂的晚第四纪构造地貌特征研究[J].第四纪研究,2006.26(2):228~235.Fu B H,Zhang S L,Xie X P,et al.Late quaternary tectono-geomorphic features along the Kangxiwar fault,Altyn faultsystem,Northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences(in Chi-nese),2006.26(2):228~235.
[17]李巧媛,谢自楚.高原区气温垂直递减率的分布及其特点分析—以青藏高原及其周边地区为例[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(6):719~723.Li Q Y,Xie Z C.Analyses on the characteristics of the verti-cal Lapse rates of temperature—Taking Tibetan plateau andits adjacent area as an example[J].Journal of Shihezi univer-sity(Natural science,in Chinese),2006,24(6):719~723.
[18]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602~610Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,et al.Boundaries betweenactive tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the Chinamainland[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2005,48(3):602~610.
[2]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化—以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816~823.Ma J,Chen S Y,Liu P X,et al.Temporal-spatial variations ofassociated faulting inferred from satellite infrared information:Acase study of the N-S seismo-tectonic zone in China[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese).2006,49(3):816~823.
[3]陈顺云,刘培洵,刘力强,等.地表热红外辐射的小波分析及其在现今构造活动研究中的意义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):824~830.Chen S Y,Liu P X,Liu L Q,et al.Wavelet analysis of ther-mal infrared radiation of land surface and its implementation inthe study of current tectonic activities[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2006,(3):824~830.
[4]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):91~97.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Formation cause of thermal infraredhigh temperature belt along Honghe fault and its relation toearthquakes[J].Acta seismologica sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(1):91~97.
[5]陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究—以2001年昆仑山8.1级地震为例[J].地震地质,2003,25(1)100~108.Chen M H,Deng Z H,Jia Q H.The relationship between thesatellite infrared anomalies before earthquake and the seismogenicfault—a case study on the 2001 Kunlun earthquake[J].Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese).2003,25(1):100~108.
[6]郭卫英,单新建,马瑾.对2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震前断层带红外增温异常的讨论[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):548~555.Guo W Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Discussion on the anomalous in-crease of ground temperature along the seismogenic fault be-fore the KunlunshanMs8.1arthquakee in 2001[J].Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese).2004,26(3):548~556.
[7]马瑾,汪一鹏,陈顺云,等.卫星热红外信息与断层活动关系讨论[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(12):1467~1475.Ma J,Wang Y P,Chen S Y,et al.Insight into correlation be-tween satellite infrared information and faults activities[J].Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2005,15(12):1467~1475.
[8]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490~495.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Counterevidence for an earthquakeprecursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,49(2):490~495.
[9]楚全芝,邓志辉,杨竹转.中国大陆地震构造特点及其在地震危险性预测中的作用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):396~402.Chu Q Z,Deng Z H,Yang Z Z.Seismo-tectonic features and theireffects of the earthquake prediction in China-Mainland[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):396~402.
[10]马超,单新建.昆仑山Ms8.1地震震源参数的多破裂段模拟研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):428~437.Ma C,Shan X J.A multi-segment analytic modeling of hypo-central geometric characteristic parameters of theMs8.1earthquake at the Kunlun Mountains[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2006,49(2):428~437.
[11]葛肖虹,刘永江,任收麦.青藏高原隆升动力学与阿尔金断裂[J].中国地质,2002,29(4):346~350.Ge X H,Liu Y J,Ren S M.Uplift dynamics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Altyn fault[J].Geology in China(in Chi-nese),2002,29(4):346~350.
[12]袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):270~278.Yuan D Y,Zhang P Z,Liu B C,et al.Geometrical imageryand tectonic transformation of late quaternary active tectonicsin northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J].ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,78(2):270~278.
[13]董超华,章国材,邢福源,等.1999.气象卫星业务产品释用手册[Z].北京:气象出版社.Dong C H,Zhang G C,Xing F Y,et al.User guide of mete-orological satellite products[J].Meteorological PublishingHouse(in Chinese),1999,Beijing.
[14]郭卫英,单新建,屈春燕.塔里木盆地红外增温现象与地震关系的探讨[J].干旱区地理.2006,29(5):736~741.Guo W Y,Shan X J,Qu C Y.Correlation between infraredanomalous and earthquakes in Tarim Basin[J].Arid LandGeography(in Chinese),2006,29(5):736~741.
[15]单新建,李建华,马超.昆仑山口西Ms8.1级地震地表破裂带高分辨率卫星影像特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):321~326.Shan X J,Li J H,Ma C.Study on the feature of surface rup-ture zone of the west of Kunlunshan pass earthquake(Ms8.1)with high spatial resolution satellite images[J].Chinese JGeophys(in Chinese),2005,48(2):321~326.
[16]傅碧宏,张松林,谢小平,等.阿尔金断裂系西段—康西瓦断裂的晚第四纪构造地貌特征研究[J].第四纪研究,2006.26(2):228~235.Fu B H,Zhang S L,Xie X P,et al.Late quaternary tectono-geomorphic features along the Kangxiwar fault,Altyn faultsystem,Northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences(in Chi-nese),2006.26(2):228~235.
[17]李巧媛,谢自楚.高原区气温垂直递减率的分布及其特点分析—以青藏高原及其周边地区为例[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(6):719~723.Li Q Y,Xie Z C.Analyses on the characteristics of the verti-cal Lapse rates of temperature—Taking Tibetan plateau andits adjacent area as an example[J].Journal of Shihezi univer-sity(Natural science,in Chinese),2006,24(6):719~723.
[18]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602~610Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,et al.Boundaries betweenactive tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the Chinamainland[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2005,48(3):602~610.
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