适于大规模数据的三维Kirchhoff积分法体偏移实现方案
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摘要
为适应实际生产中对大规模三维工区数据处理的效果及效率的要求,提出了按三维成像体输出成像结果的3D Kirchhoff积分法偏移实现方案.将地震数据按共偏移距道集形式排放,每个共偏移距数据的偏移类似于一个3D叠后Kirchhoff积分偏移,极大地降低了对计算机内存和局部盘及I/O通讯率的要求.每个地震道的成像(输出等时面)在由炮检点连线定义的旋转坐标系中进行,更好地考虑了偏移孔径计算及反假频处理.同时兼顾了超大规模地震数据PSTM成像处理中内存需求量、I/O通讯问题、并行处理方案及效率优化的细节问题.并行计算用偏移距号和每个共偏移距数据体中的线号作为一级和二级索引进行任务分解,更适应当前计算机集群中计算节点比较多的情况.最后考虑了在基本不影响效率的前提下的断点保护处理方案.理论及实际数据测试结果说明了该方案的可行性,与商业软件的对比验证了该方案的优越性.在此较完善的实现方案基础上,可以容易地把更优越的积分类偏移方法迅速推向实用化.
In order to produce an accurate and efficient imaging result by 3D Kirchhoff Prestack Time Migration (PSTM) from large-scale field data for widespread usage in practice, we adopt the strategy to output an image volume instead of an image profile.Firstly, common-offset gathers are created, each 3D common-offset gather is migrated independently like a Poststack 3D Kirchhoff integral migration.This will greatly reduce the requirements for inner memory, local hard disk and I/O efficiency.The migration of each input trace is implemented in the rotated coordinates which is formed according to the azimuth angle of the connecting line of the shot point and the receiver point.In the coordinates, it is easy to deal with the anti-aliasing and migration aperture estimation.The parallel strategy with two-rank indices, one for the common-offset number and the other the line number in a common-offset data set, is used for creating well-designed parallel tasks.The breakpoint saving is also considered.Numerical tests and a comparison with one commercial software system demonstrate that the 3D Kirchhoff PSTM implementation strategy has many advantages.Based on it, many new integral prestack migrations can be easily put into practical use.
In order to produce an accurate and efficient imaging result by 3D Kirchhoff Prestack Time Migration (PSTM) from large-scale field data for widespread usage in practice, we adopt the strategy to output an image volume instead of an image profile.Firstly, common-offset gathers are created, each 3D common-offset gather is migrated independently like a Poststack 3D Kirchhoff integral migration.This will greatly reduce the requirements for inner memory, local hard disk and I/O efficiency.The migration of each input trace is implemented in the rotated coordinates which is formed according to the azimuth angle of the connecting line of the shot point and the receiver point.In the coordinates, it is easy to deal with the anti-aliasing and migration aperture estimation.The parallel strategy with two-rank indices, one for the common-offset number and the other the line number in a common-offset data set, is used for creating well-designed parallel tasks.The breakpoint saving is also considered.Numerical tests and a comparison with one commercial software system demonstrate that the 3D Kirchhoff PSTM implementation strategy has many advantages.Based on it, many new integral prestack migrations can be easily put into practical use.
引文
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[10] Sun C,Martinez R D.Amplitude preserving 3D prestack Kirchhoff time migration for V(Z)and VTI media.72 SEG Internat Mtg Expanded Abstracts MIG4． 6． 2002
[11] 刘国峰,刘洪,王秀闽等.Kirchhoff积分叠前时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :131～136 Liu G F,Liu H,Wang X M.Two kinds of traveling time computation and parallel computing method of Kirchhoff migration.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(1) :131～136
[12] Canning A,Gerald H F.Gardner.Reducing 3-D acquisition footprint for 3-D DMO and 3-D prestack migration.Geophysics,1998,63 :1177～1183
[13] Canning A,Gardner G H F.Reducing 3-D acquisition footprint for 3-D DMO and 3-D prestack migration,3-D Seismic Exploration,71st Ann.Internat.Mtg:Soc.of Expl. Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2001
[14] 程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :792～800 Cheng J B,Wang N,Ma Z T.Table-driven 3-D angledomain imaging approach for Kirchhoff prestack time migration.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :792～800
[15] 邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,2010,53(5) :1207～1214 Zou Z,Liu H,Liu H W.Common angle gathers based on Kirchhoff prestack time migration.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2010,53(5) :1207～1214
[16] 李建江,舒继武,王有新等.一种基于共享存贮的叠前深度偏移并行算法.软件学报,2002,13(12) :2231～2237 Li J J,Shu J W,Wang Y X.A parallel algorithm for prestack depth migration based on shared memory.Journal of Software(in Chinese),2002,13(12) :2231～2237
[17] 王华忠,张元巧,任浩然.叠前地震数据射线束道集叠加压制噪音.石油物探,2007,46(6) :356～360 Wang H Z,Zhang Y Q,Ren H R.Prestack noise suppression with ray-beam gather stacking.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(6) :356～360
[18] Sun Yonghe,Qin Fuhao.3-D prestack Kirchhoff beam migration for depth imaging.Geophysics,2000,65 :1592～1603
[2] Bevc D.Imaging complex structure with semi recursive Kirchhoff migration.Geophysics,1997,62:577～588
[3] Sun J.Limited-aperture migration.Geophysics,2000,65:584～595
[4] Sun J.On the limited aperture migration in two dimensions.Geophysics,1998,63:984～994
[5] Sun S,Bancroft J.How much does the migration aperture actually contribute to the migration result? 71st Annual International Meet,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2001
[6] Lumley D,Claerbout J,Bevc D.Anti-aliased Kirchhoff 3D migration.64~(th)Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994,1282～1285
[7] Sun J,Abma R,Bernitsas N.Anti-aliasing in Kirchhoff migration.69~(th)Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1999,1134～1137
[8] Yilmaz.Seismic data analysis:Processing,Inversion,and interpretation of seismic data.SEG Investigations in Geophysics,No.10． 2001
[9] Walter K.Curved-ray time migration can improve seismic imaging.Oil & Gas Journal International Petroleum News and Technology,2002． 1～8
[10] Sun C,Martinez R D.Amplitude preserving 3D prestack Kirchhoff time migration for V(Z)and VTI media.72 SEG Internat Mtg Expanded Abstracts MIG4． 6． 2002
[11] 刘国峰,刘洪,王秀闽等.Kirchhoff积分叠前时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :131～136 Liu G F,Liu H,Wang X M.Two kinds of traveling time computation and parallel computing method of Kirchhoff migration.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(1) :131～136
[12] Canning A,Gerald H F.Gardner.Reducing 3-D acquisition footprint for 3-D DMO and 3-D prestack migration.Geophysics,1998,63 :1177～1183
[13] Canning A,Gardner G H F.Reducing 3-D acquisition footprint for 3-D DMO and 3-D prestack migration,3-D Seismic Exploration,71st Ann.Internat.Mtg:Soc.of Expl. Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2001
[14] 程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :792～800 Cheng J B,Wang N,Ma Z T.Table-driven 3-D angledomain imaging approach for Kirchhoff prestack time migration.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :792～800
[15] 邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,2010,53(5) :1207～1214 Zou Z,Liu H,Liu H W.Common angle gathers based on Kirchhoff prestack time migration.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2010,53(5) :1207～1214
[16] 李建江,舒继武,王有新等.一种基于共享存贮的叠前深度偏移并行算法.软件学报,2002,13(12) :2231～2237 Li J J,Shu J W,Wang Y X.A parallel algorithm for prestack depth migration based on shared memory.Journal of Software(in Chinese),2002,13(12) :2231～2237
[17] 王华忠,张元巧,任浩然.叠前地震数据射线束道集叠加压制噪音.石油物探,2007,46(6) :356～360 Wang H Z,Zhang Y Q,Ren H R.Prestack noise suppression with ray-beam gather stacking.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(6) :356～360
[18] Sun Yonghe,Qin Fuhao.3-D prestack Kirchhoff beam migration for depth imaging.Geophysics,2000,65 :1592～1603
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