岩石物理在浊积岩储层岩性与气水识别中的运用
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摘要
浊积碎屑岩体系在地震弹性性质及储层物性特征方面表现出一定的变化规律,认识这些变化规律对选择合适的方法及地震弹性属性进行储层岩性识别和孔隙流体检测有重要意义。对于砂岩—泥岩渐变沉积旋回,孔隙度表现为双峰模式,纵波阻抗(速度)—孔隙度关系呈现倒"V"型,纵、横波速度比随粘土含量的增加呈单调增加趋势,反映沉积过程中岩石骨架支撑颗粒性质的变化,因此横波相关弹性属性,如速度比等,对岩性变化有指示作用。对于深度差异不大且成分稳定的厚层砂、泥岩,水动力条件的变化同样会造成岩石分选性的差异,此时速度(阻抗)与孔隙度的关系可用临界孔隙度校正的Hashin-Strikman模型下限定量表征,依此建立的针对特定储层的岩石物理解释图版可用于确定储层孔隙流体类型及岩性。利用浊积碎屑岩储层所表现出的岩石物理特性,用Bayes统计分类技术对浊积碎屑岩储层进行岩性与气水识别取得较好效果。
The seismic elastic properties and physical properties of turbidite clastic system show some important variation patterns,and understanding these patterns is significant for selecting proper methods and seismic elastic attributes to determine reservoir lithology and predict pore fluid properties.For sand to shale up-fining sedimentary cycle,porosity variation shows the bimodal pattern,the P-impedance versus porosity exhibits the overturned V-shape,and the ratio of compressional to shear wave velocity increases monotonously with clay content,which reflects the change of the properties of supporting grains of rock frame during deposition.Thus those elastic attributes related to shear wave,such as vP/vs ratio,can be used to determine lithology.For thick sand and shale layer with almost constant rock components and similar depth range,velocity(impedance)versus porosity can be characterized by the lower bound of the Hashin-Strikman model which is modified with the critical porosity,and the rock physics interpretation template established based on those properties can be used to determine reservoir lithology and pore fluid type.Based on the rock physics properties of turbidite clastic reservoir,the Bayesian classification technique was used to discriminate lithology and predict pore fluid properties.
The seismic elastic properties and physical properties of turbidite clastic system show some important variation patterns,and understanding these patterns is significant for selecting proper methods and seismic elastic attributes to determine reservoir lithology and predict pore fluid properties.For sand to shale up-fining sedimentary cycle,porosity variation shows the bimodal pattern,the P-impedance versus porosity exhibits the overturned V-shape,and the ratio of compressional to shear wave velocity increases monotonously with clay content,which reflects the change of the properties of supporting grains of rock frame during deposition.Thus those elastic attributes related to shear wave,such as vP/vs ratio,can be used to determine lithology.For thick sand and shale layer with almost constant rock components and similar depth range,velocity(impedance)versus porosity can be characterized by the lower bound of the Hashin-Strikman model which is modified with the critical porosity,and the rock physics interpretation template established based on those properties can be used to determine reservoir lithology and pore fluid type.Based on the rock physics properties of turbidite clastic reservoir,the Bayesian classification technique was used to discriminate lithology and predict pore fluid properties.
引文
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2Avseth P,Mukerji T,Jorstad T.Seismic reservoir mapping from3-D AVO in the North Sea turbidite system[J].Geo-physics,2001,66(4):1157～1176
3Batale M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geophysics,1992,57(6):1369～1408
4邓继新,王尚旭,李生杰,等.储层砂岩沉积特征变化对地震弹性属性的影响[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(1):75～79
5Dvorkin J,Nur A.Elasticity of high-porosity sandstones:Theory for two North Sea datasets[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5):1363～1370
6Duda R,Hart P,Story D.Pattern classification[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,2000.50～160
7Hastings W.Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and its applications[J].Biometrika,1970,57(1):97～109
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