高斯线调频连续小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法及其应用
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摘要
本文基于高斯线调频连续小波变换 ,提出了能够反映震源区或近场区小地震波形在震源深度、震源尺度、震源破裂机制、地震波传播途径、地震波衰减等方面的差异特征信息的特征指标 ,即小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法。为了验证该方法的有效性 ,选取了震源破裂机制有明显差异特性的天然地震、爆破或塌方资料以及非强地震孕震区同一地点发生的多次小震资料。研究结果表明 ,天然地震与爆破或塌方记录的连续小波变换时频能量衰减因子有明显区别 ;正常地震活动背景下地震记录的连续小波变换时频能量衰减因子变化比较稳定 ;利用该方法 ,通过对某一地区的连续观测 ,可望为强震预测提供有效判据。
Based on the Gauss linear modulation wavelet transform, a kind of new method for earthquake prediction has been put forward, namely time |frequency energy attenuation factor which is related to the focal depth, scale,mechanism,wave traveling path and its attenuation characteristics for small earthquakes. In order to test the valid of new method,we selected the natural earthquakes and explosion or collapse events whose focal mechanism had obvious difference,and some natural earthquakes which located at the same site or very small area.The studied results indicate that the time |frequency energy attenuation factor have obvious difference between natural earthquakes and explosion or collapse events,but the changes of the time |frequency energy attenuation factor are relatively stability to some earthquakes which located at the same site or very small area and occurred in the condition of normal earthquake background.Using above |mentioned new method,we hope to obtain the effective prediction criterion before the moderately strong earthquake by the continuous earthquake observation.
Based on the Gauss linear modulation wavelet transform, a kind of new method for earthquake prediction has been put forward, namely time |frequency energy attenuation factor which is related to the focal depth, scale,mechanism,wave traveling path and its attenuation characteristics for small earthquakes. In order to test the valid of new method,we selected the natural earthquakes and explosion or collapse events whose focal mechanism had obvious difference,and some natural earthquakes which located at the same site or very small area.The studied results indicate that the time |frequency energy attenuation factor have obvious difference between natural earthquakes and explosion or collapse events,but the changes of the time |frequency energy attenuation factor are relatively stability to some earthquakes which located at the same site or very small area and occurred in the condition of normal earthquake background.Using above |mentioned new method,we hope to obtain the effective prediction criterion before the moderately strong earthquake by the continuous earthquake observation.
引文
蔡静观、王兴辉、雷素华等,1994,云南地区各类前震序列时-空-强特征和地震波特征,地震学报,(增刊),39～46。
陈培善、肖磊、白彤霞,1995,根据环境应力场寻找中国大陆地区的潜在震源区,地震学报,17(3),294～304。
冯德益、吴国有、陈化然等,1994,地震波动力学特征变化指标在短期地震预报中的应用,地震,(1),12～21。
冯德益,1974,近地震S、P波振幅比异常与地震预报,地球物理学报,17(3),140～154。
冯德益,1981,地震波速异常,北京:地震出版社。
顾浩鼎、曹天青,1980,前兆震群和S波偏振,地震学报,2(4),343～355。
国家地震局科技监测司编,1990,地震现场工作大纲和震情分析指南,北京:地震出版社。
黄德瑜、孙士,1981唐山地震前地震波振动持续时间比 lh lv的变化,地震科学研究,(2),16～20。
黄雨蕊、高阿甲、许忠淮,1997,地震震源机制的研究应用于地震预报的探索,地震地磁观测与研究,1997,18(1),52～57。
力武常次、冯 锐、周新华译,1978,地震预报,北京:地震出版社,123～128。
陆远忠、陈章立,1985,地震预报的地震学方法,北京:地震出版社。
赵根模、杨港生,1994,地震序列中的高频与低频地震及其在序列类型判断中的应用,地震学报,16(增刊),47～55。
张天中、高龙生、张卫平,1990,颠西实验场区的Q值及其随时间窗的变化,地震学报,12(1),12～21。
张贤达、保铮著,1995,非平稳信号分析与处理,307～322,北京:国防工业出版社。
BaraniukR .G .,JonesD .L .,1993,Signal dependenttime frequencyanalysisusingaradiallyGaussiankernel.SignalProcessing,32(1),263～284.
CrampinS .,BoothD .C .,EvansR .,PeacockS .,FletcherJ.B .,1991,CommentsonQuantitativemeasurementsofshearwavepolarizationattheAnzaseismicNetwork,SouthernCalifornia:Implicationsforshear wavesplittingandearthquakepredictionbyRichardC ,PeterA ,ShearerMandBergerJJ .Geophys.Res.,96,6403～6414.
DaubechiesI .,1988,Orthonormalbasesofcompactlysupportedwavelets,Commu.PureAppl.Math.,41(2),909～996.
DaubechiesI.,1990,Thewavelettransform,timefrequencylocalizationandsignalanalysis.IEEETrans.Inform.Theory,36(2),961～1005.
MannS .,HaykinS .,1995,Thechirplettransform:physicalconsiderations.IEEETrans.SignalProcessing,43(3),2745～2761.
MatsumotoS .,ObaraK .,YoshimotoK .,SaitoT .,ItoA .,HasegawaA .,2001,TemporalchangeinP wavescatterdistributionassociatedwiththeM6.1earthquakenearIwatevolcanonortheasternJapan.GeophysicsJ.Int.,145,48～58.
NishimuraT .,UchidaN .,SatoH .,OhtakeM .,TanakaS .,HamaguchiH .,2000,TemporalchangesofthecrustalstructureassociatedwiththeM6.1earthquakeonSeptember3,1998,andthevolcanicactivityofMountIwate.Japan.Geophys.Res.Lett.,27,269～272.
陈培善、肖磊、白彤霞,1995,根据环境应力场寻找中国大陆地区的潜在震源区,地震学报,17(3),294～304。
冯德益、吴国有、陈化然等,1994,地震波动力学特征变化指标在短期地震预报中的应用,地震,(1),12～21。
冯德益,1974,近地震S、P波振幅比异常与地震预报,地球物理学报,17(3),140～154。
冯德益,1981,地震波速异常,北京:地震出版社。
顾浩鼎、曹天青,1980,前兆震群和S波偏振,地震学报,2(4),343～355。
国家地震局科技监测司编,1990,地震现场工作大纲和震情分析指南,北京:地震出版社。
黄德瑜、孙士,1981唐山地震前地震波振动持续时间比 lh lv的变化,地震科学研究,(2),16～20。
黄雨蕊、高阿甲、许忠淮,1997,地震震源机制的研究应用于地震预报的探索,地震地磁观测与研究,1997,18(1),52～57。
力武常次、冯 锐、周新华译,1978,地震预报,北京:地震出版社,123～128。
陆远忠、陈章立,1985,地震预报的地震学方法,北京:地震出版社。
赵根模、杨港生,1994,地震序列中的高频与低频地震及其在序列类型判断中的应用,地震学报,16(增刊),47～55。
张天中、高龙生、张卫平,1990,颠西实验场区的Q值及其随时间窗的变化,地震学报,12(1),12～21。
张贤达、保铮著,1995,非平稳信号分析与处理,307～322,北京:国防工业出版社。
BaraniukR .G .,JonesD .L .,1993,Signal dependenttime frequencyanalysisusingaradiallyGaussiankernel.SignalProcessing,32(1),263～284.
CrampinS .,BoothD .C .,EvansR .,PeacockS .,FletcherJ.B .,1991,CommentsonQuantitativemeasurementsofshearwavepolarizationattheAnzaseismicNetwork,SouthernCalifornia:Implicationsforshear wavesplittingandearthquakepredictionbyRichardC ,PeterA ,ShearerMandBergerJJ .Geophys.Res.,96,6403～6414.
DaubechiesI .,1988,Orthonormalbasesofcompactlysupportedwavelets,Commu.PureAppl.Math.,41(2),909～996.
DaubechiesI.,1990,Thewavelettransform,timefrequencylocalizationandsignalanalysis.IEEETrans.Inform.Theory,36(2),961～1005.
MannS .,HaykinS .,1995,Thechirplettransform:physicalconsiderations.IEEETrans.SignalProcessing,43(3),2745～2761.
MatsumotoS .,ObaraK .,YoshimotoK .,SaitoT .,ItoA .,HasegawaA .,2001,TemporalchangeinP wavescatterdistributionassociatedwiththeM6.1earthquakenearIwatevolcanonortheasternJapan.GeophysicsJ.Int.,145,48～58.
NishimuraT .,UchidaN .,SatoH .,OhtakeM .,TanakaS .,HamaguchiH .,2000,TemporalchangesofthecrustalstructureassociatedwiththeM6.1earthquakeonSeptember3,1998,andthevolcanicactivityofMountIwate.Japan.Geophys.Res.Lett.,27,269～272.
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