柴达木盆地狮子沟-油砂山构造带变形特征及成因模拟
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摘要
通过地震剖面解释、平衡剖面编制、构造物理模拟等综合研究,认为狮子沟-油砂山构造带具有垂向分层、走向分段变形特征。垂向上以T3地震反射层为界划分为深、浅两个构造层,深层变形样式为正断层组成的地堑、半地堑、反转半地堑组合,浅层变形样式为滑脱断层、冲起背斜构造组合。走向上可划分为狮子沟、油砂山、大乌斯三个构造段,其变形样式分别为深层反转、浅层滑脱垂向叠加组合;深层逆冲、浅层背冲垂向叠加组合;深层背冲、浅层逆冲叠加组合。根据不整合面的空间展布、生长地层的发育时间、构造叠加样式等特点,将狮子沟-油砂山构造带中、新生代演化过程划分为早-中侏罗世裂陷、晚侏罗世-晚白垩世挤压坳陷、古新世-始新世弱裂陷、渐新世-中新世弱挤压、上新世-第四纪强烈挤压等五个阶段。构造物理模拟实验证实,早期伸展构造受北北东向单侧拉伸作用控制,而晚期挤压构造受北北东-南南西向双侧不均衡挤压作用控制;膏盐层不均衡分布是影响滑脱变形的主控物质因素。
Our studies of the seismic profiles,balanced profiles as well as physical simulation show that the deformation of the Shizigou-Youshashan structural belt is characterized by longitudinal zonation and vertical stratification. Graben,half graben and inverted half graben are mayor structural styles within deep beds under seismic reflection layer of T3. Décollement structure including the faults and folds developed within the shallow layers above seismic reflection layer of T3. Three structure sections of the Shizigou,Youshashan and Dawusi are divided from west to east. Décollement anticline of the shallow layers superimposing reversed faults of deep layers formed in the west part of the Shizigou structure section. Detachment folds superimposing invertion structure developed in the east part of the Shizigou structure section. Back thrusting overlaping reversed faults formed in the Youshashan structure section and detachment faults overlaying back thrust faults developed in the Dawusi structure section. The structure evolution of the Shizigou-Youshashan structural belt can be divided into five phases,including chasmic stage from Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic,compressional depression from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous,weakly rifting stage from Palaeocene to Eocene,weakly compressing stage from Oligocene to Miocene and intensely compressing stage from Pliocene to Quaternary. Results of physical simulation suggest that stretching structure in early stage is controlled by extensional stress related to sinistral strike-slip of the Altyn Tagh Fault,and compressing structure in late stage is controlled by anisopleural compression stress related to uplifting of the Kunlun mountain. Maldistribution of gypsum rocks is key factor controlling the compressional deformtion.
Our studies of the seismic profiles,balanced profiles as well as physical simulation show that the deformation of the Shizigou-Youshashan structural belt is characterized by longitudinal zonation and vertical stratification. Graben,half graben and inverted half graben are mayor structural styles within deep beds under seismic reflection layer of T3. Décollement structure including the faults and folds developed within the shallow layers above seismic reflection layer of T3. Three structure sections of the Shizigou,Youshashan and Dawusi are divided from west to east. Décollement anticline of the shallow layers superimposing reversed faults of deep layers formed in the west part of the Shizigou structure section. Detachment folds superimposing invertion structure developed in the east part of the Shizigou structure section. Back thrusting overlaping reversed faults formed in the Youshashan structure section and detachment faults overlaying back thrust faults developed in the Dawusi structure section. The structure evolution of the Shizigou-Youshashan structural belt can be divided into five phases,including chasmic stage from Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic,compressional depression from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous,weakly rifting stage from Palaeocene to Eocene,weakly compressing stage from Oligocene to Miocene and intensely compressing stage from Pliocene to Quaternary. Results of physical simulation suggest that stretching structure in early stage is controlled by extensional stress related to sinistral strike-slip of the Altyn Tagh Fault,and compressing structure in late stage is controlled by anisopleural compression stress related to uplifting of the Kunlun mountain. Maldistribution of gypsum rocks is key factor controlling the compressional deformtion.
引文
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徐凤银,尹成明,巩庆林,沈亚.2006.柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制.中国石油勘探,(6):9-16.
杨明慧.1997.柴达木盆地新构造运动主要特征与成因机制.海洋地质与第四纪地质,17(3):71-78.
于福生,李国志,杨光达,马宝军,陈书平.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):386-395.
于福生,张芳峰,杨长清,李学良,冯自成.2010.龙门山前缘关口断裂典型构造剖面的物理模拟实验及其变形主控因素研究.大地构造与成矿学,34(2):147-158.
袁四化,刘永江,葛肖虹,吴光大,胡勇,郭新转,李伟民.2008.青藏高原北缘的隆升时期——来自阿尔金山和柴达木盆地的证据.岩石矿物学杂志,27(5):413-421.
曾联波,金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,由福报,雷兵足.2002.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征.沉积学报,20(2):288-293.
翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.1997.重新认识柴达木盆地,力争油气勘探获得新突破.石油学报,18(2):1-7.
曹国强,陈世悦,徐凤银,彭德华,袁文芳.2005.柴达木盆地西部中-新生代沉积构造演化.中国地质,32(1):33-40.
崔军文,唐哲民,邓晋福.1999.阿尔金断裂系.北京:地质出版社:226-230.
狄恒恕,王松贵.1991.柴达木盆地北缘中新生代构造演化探讨.地球科学,16(5):533-539.
郭召杰,张志诚.1998.阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化.地质论评,44(4):357-364.
黄华芳,王金荣.1994.造山型盆地构造演化与油气赋存.兰州:兰州大学出版社:110-190.
靳久强,赵文智,薛良清,孟庆任.1999.中国西北地区侏罗纪原型盆地与演化特征.地质论评,45(1):92-104.
李相博,王新民,袁剑英,靳久强,于均民,马龙.2001.青藏高原东北部旋卷(扭)构造变形及其形成地质条件分析——兼评法国地质学家Tapponnier的“走向滑移线场和构造逃逸理论”.大地构造与成矿学,25(2):120-127.
李相博,袁剑英,陈启林,王琪,李斌,孟自芳.2006.柴达木盆地新生代成盆动力学模式.石油学报,27(3):6-10.
刘永江,Franz Neubauer,葛肖虹,Johann Genser,袁四化,李伟民,巩庆林,陈元忠.2007.阿尔金断裂带年代学和阿尔金山隆升.地质科学,42(1):134-146.
倪金龙,王鹏,杜小亮,胡勇,李增学,林玉祥.2009.柴达木盆地西南部新生代构造样式及其动力学特征.油气地质与采收率,16(1):9-16.
彭作林,惠荣耀.1991.中国西部准噶尔、柴达木、酒西盆地天然气赋存条件及资源预测.兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社:162-227.
万天丰,朱鸿.1996.东亚大陆各陆块中新生代运动学特征研究//岩石圈构造与动力开放研究实验室1995年年报.北京:地质出版社:19-29.
王桂宏,李永铁,张敏,尹成明,王铁成,郭祖军,刘忠.2004.柴达木盆地英雄岭地区新生代构造演化动力学特征.地学前缘,11(4):417-423.
王鸿祯,刘本培,李思田.1990.中国及邻区大地构造分区和构造发展阶段//王鸿祯,杨楠森,刘本培.中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理.武汉:中国地质大学出版社:3-34.
王永,李德贵,肖序常,迟振卿,闵隆瑞,王军,王彦斌.2006.西昆仑山前晚新生代构造活动与青藏高原西北缘的隆升.中国地质,33(1):41-47.
吴光大,葛肖虹,刘永江,袁四化,巩庆林,陈元忠.2006.柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制.世界地质,25(4):411-417.
吴因业,罗平,唐祥华,杨永泰.1998.西北侏罗系盆地沉积层序演化与储层特征.地质论评,44(1):90-99.
夏文臣,张宁,袁晓萍,孟科,张兵山,彭晓群.1998.柴达木侏罗系的构造层序及前陆盆地演化.石油与天然气地质,19(3):173-180.
谢久兵,朱照宇,汪劲草,欧阳婷萍.2007.柴达木盆地北缘第三纪的盆地原型与动力学分析.大地构造与成矿学,31(2):174-179.
徐凤银,尹成明,巩庆林,沈亚.2006.柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制.中国石油勘探,(6):9-16.
杨明慧.1997.柴达木盆地新构造运动主要特征与成因机制.海洋地质与第四纪地质,17(3):71-78.
于福生,李国志,杨光达,马宝军,陈书平.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):386-395.
于福生,张芳峰,杨长清,李学良,冯自成.2010.龙门山前缘关口断裂典型构造剖面的物理模拟实验及其变形主控因素研究.大地构造与成矿学,34(2):147-158.
袁四化,刘永江,葛肖虹,吴光大,胡勇,郭新转,李伟民.2008.青藏高原北缘的隆升时期——来自阿尔金山和柴达木盆地的证据.岩石矿物学杂志,27(5):413-421.
曾联波,金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,由福报,雷兵足.2002.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征.沉积学报,20(2):288-293.
翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.1997.重新认识柴达木盆地,力争油气勘探获得新突破.石油学报,18(2):1-7.
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