塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序界面类型划分及其意义
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摘要
塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩储层是增储上产的重要领域。然而按照经典模式划分的碳酸盐岩层序,在生产中与目标优选及开发方式结合并不紧密,进而影响了实际生产。因此,根据不同的层序界面成因(即构造、暴露剥蚀、成岩强度等),结合塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩野外露头、地震剖面、测井曲线和岩心资料等综合因素,把海相碳酸盐岩层序界面划分为5种类型:即Ⅰ型(晚期强烈隆起喀斯特型)、Ⅱ型(早期强制海退剥蚀微喀斯特型)、Ⅲ型(早期溶蚀-弱剥蚀台地边缘型)、Ⅳ型(准同生间歇暴露浅水礁滩型)和Ⅴ型(同生无暴露碳酸盐岩台地型)。虽然不同界面类型的成因和储层特征迥异,但是依据地震、测井、钻井、岩心等现场资料很容易划分。这套层序划分可操作性强,在有利区带选择、油气高效富集区优选、开发井井型选择等方面均有很现实的生产指导意义。
Marine carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin are regarded as an important domain for reserve growth and production addition.However,the previous sequence stratigraphic division of the Lower Paleozoic carbonates is not suitable for target selection and development strategy optimization,influencing production.According to the genesis(such as tectonic,exposure and erosion,diagenetic intensity) of the sequence boundaries, and combining with data such as outcrop observations,seismic profiles,logging curves and core analysis of the marine carbonates in Tarim Basin,we recognized five types of marine carbonate sequence boundaries,including TypeⅠ(karst-type boundary from late strong uplifting),TypeⅡ(micro-karst type boundary from early forced regression and erosion),TypeⅢ(platform-margin type boundary from early dissolution and weak erosion), TypeⅣ(shallow reef-bank type boundary from penecontemporaneous intermittent exposure),and TypeⅤ(contemporary underwater carbonate platform type boundary ).Although the genesis and reservoir characteristics of these sequence boundaries are quite different,they can be easily distinguished according seismic,logging, drilling and core data.This division scheme is pracitical and can be used to guide selection of favorable plays, identification of sweet spots and selection of development well types.
Marine carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin are regarded as an important domain for reserve growth and production addition.However,the previous sequence stratigraphic division of the Lower Paleozoic carbonates is not suitable for target selection and development strategy optimization,influencing production.According to the genesis(such as tectonic,exposure and erosion,diagenetic intensity) of the sequence boundaries, and combining with data such as outcrop observations,seismic profiles,logging curves and core analysis of the marine carbonates in Tarim Basin,we recognized five types of marine carbonate sequence boundaries,including TypeⅠ(karst-type boundary from late strong uplifting),TypeⅡ(micro-karst type boundary from early forced regression and erosion),TypeⅢ(platform-margin type boundary from early dissolution and weak erosion), TypeⅣ(shallow reef-bank type boundary from penecontemporaneous intermittent exposure),and TypeⅤ(contemporary underwater carbonate platform type boundary ).Although the genesis and reservoir characteristics of these sequence boundaries are quite different,they can be easily distinguished according seismic,logging, drilling and core data.This division scheme is pracitical and can be used to guide selection of favorable plays, identification of sweet spots and selection of development well types.
引文
[1]杨世倬,温常庆,陈志祥.塔里木盆地西南缘下第三系石炭系碳酸盐研究[C]∥地矿部西北石油地质局,塔里木盆地石油地质论文集,北京:地质出版社,1990:21-32. Yang Shizhuo,Wen Changqing,Chen Zhixiang.Study on Carbonates of Lower Tertiary and Carboniferous in the Southwestern Margin of the Tarim Basin[C]//Western Petroleum Geological Survey of Geological Ministry,Volumes of petroleum geology in Tarim Basin, Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990:21 -32.
[2]于炳松.塔里木盆地北部中下奥陶统碳酸盐陆棚-盆地的层序地层分析[J].矿物岩石,1995,15(3):44-49. Yu Bingsong.Analysis of typical carbonate sequences in northern Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 1995,15(3):44-49.
[3]张振生,刘社平.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序地层学研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):245-256. Zhang Zhensheng,Liu Sheping.Sequence stratigraphy analysis of carbonate series of Lower Palaeozoic group in the Tarim Basin [J],Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1995,30(2):245 -256.
[4]王维纲,吕炳全.小尺度的碳酸盐岩层序地层学分析-塔里木盆地桑塔木断垒带奥陶系层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):24-29. Wang Weigang,Lu Bingquan.The small scale sequence stratigraphy of the Ordovician carbonate of the Sangtamu Horst in the tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15 (4):24-29.
[5]刘忠宝,于炳松,李廷艳,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):103-109. Liu Zhongbao,Yu Bingsong,Li Tingyan,et al.Sequence development controls on iyngenesis karst of the Middle-Upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):103-109.
[6]樊太亮,于炳松,高志前.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):57-65. Fan Tailiang,Yu Bingsong,Gao Zhiqian.Characteristics of carbonate sequence stratigraphy and its control on oil-gas in Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,2007,21(1):57-65.
[7]王招明,赵宽志,邬光辉,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩型储层发育特征及其主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):797-801. Wang Zhaoming,Zhao Kuanzhi,Wu Guanghui,et al.Charac- teristics and main controlling factors of the Upper Ordovician reef-bank reservoir development in the Tazhong I slope-break zone[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(6):798 -801.
[8]王招明,张丽娟,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系礁滩体特征与油气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,6:1-7. Wang Zhaoming,Zhang Lijuan,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Features of Ordovician reef beach and exploration activities in Tarim Basin [J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,6:1 - 7.
[9]赵宗举,潘文庆,张丽娟,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):175-188. ZhaoZongju,Pan Wenqing,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Sequence Stratigraphy in the Ordovician in the Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):175-188.
[10]赵宗举,张运波,潘懋,等.塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):609-620. ZhaoZongju,Zhang Yunbo,Pan Mao,et al.Cambrian sequence stratigraphic framework in Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2010,56(5):609 -620.
[11]Mitchum R,Vail P,Thompson S.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level,part 2:the depositional sequence as the basic unit for stratigraphic analysis[A].Payton C.Seismic Stratigraphy:Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir[C],1977.26:53 -62.
[12]Sloss L L.Forty years of sequence stratigraphy[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin.1988,1661 -1666.
[13]朱筱敏,康安,王贵文.陆相坳陷型和断陷型湖盆层序地层样式探讨[J],沉积学报,2003,21(2):283-287. Zhu Xiaomin,Kang An,Wang Guiwen.Sequence stratigraphic models of depression and faulted-down Lake Basins[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(2):283 -287.
[14]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):3-11. Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi.Structural feature & hydrocarbon potential in Tarim Basin[J].Cinese Science Bulletin,2002, 47(s1):3-11.
[15]周兴熙.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气勘探对策[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(6):485-488. Zhou Xingxi.Strategy for exploration of carbonate reservoir of Lower Paleozoic in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2002,23(6):485-488.
[16]孙龙德.塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩与油气[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):10-15. Sun Longde.Marine carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2007,12(4): 10-15.
[17]顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素[J].古地理学报,2009,11(1):21-27. Gu Jiayu,Ma Feng,Ji Lidan.Types,characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform[J].Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009,11(1):21 -27.
[18]邹才能,陶士振.海相碳酸盐岩大中型岩性地层油气田形成的主要控制因素[J].科学通报,2007,(S1):32-39. Zhou Caineng,Tao Shizhen.Main controlling factors of medi- um-I large scale lithostratigraphic reservoirs accumulation in Marine Carbonate Rock[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007, (S1):32-39.
[19]陈新军,蔡希源,纪友亮,等.塔中奥陶系大型不整合面与风化壳岩溶发育[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,35(8):1122-1127. Chen Xinjun,Cai Xiyuan,Ji Youliang,et al.Relationship between large scale unconformity surface and weathering crust karst of Ordovician in Tazhong[J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2007,35(8):1122-1127.
[20]韩剑发,于红枫,张海祖,等.塔中地区北部斜坡带下奥陶统碳酸盐岩风化壳油气富集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):167-173. Han Jianfa,Yu Hongfeng,Zhang Haizu,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Lower Ordovician carbonate rock weathering crust on the northern slope zone of Tazhong area [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2008,29(2):167-173.
[21]苗继军,贾承造,邹才能,等.塔中地区下奥陶统岩溶风化壳储层特征与勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18 (4):497-500. Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Zou Caineng,et al.Characteristics and exploration fields of Paleo-Kast reservoirs at the top of early Ordovician in central Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007,18(4):497-500.
[22]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带礁滩复合体大型凝析气田成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29 (3):323-326. Han Jianfa,Mei Lianfu,Yang Haijun,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of large-sized reef-shoal complex condensate gas field in Tazhong No.1 Slope-Break Zone,Tarim Basin [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(3):323-326.
[23]王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-292. Wang Zhenyu,Yan Wei,Zhang Yunfeng,et al.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of upper Ordovician platform margin reefs and grain banks resirvior in Ta Zhong area[J].Xinjiang Geology, 2007,25(3):287-292.
[24]王振宇,陈景山.塔中地区中-晚奥陶世碳酸盐陆棚边缘大气成岩透镜体的发育特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):152-160. Wang Zhenyu,Chen Jingshan.Characters of atmospheric diagenetic lens along middle-late ordovician carbonate shelf margin in central Tarim area[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2002, 37(S1):152-160.
[25]杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007, 28(4):26-30. Yang Haijun,Wu Guanghui,Han Jianfa,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon enrichment along the Ordovician carbonate platform margin in the central uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):26-30.
[2]于炳松.塔里木盆地北部中下奥陶统碳酸盐陆棚-盆地的层序地层分析[J].矿物岩石,1995,15(3):44-49. Yu Bingsong.Analysis of typical carbonate sequences in northern Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 1995,15(3):44-49.
[3]张振生,刘社平.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序地层学研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):245-256. Zhang Zhensheng,Liu Sheping.Sequence stratigraphy analysis of carbonate series of Lower Palaeozoic group in the Tarim Basin [J],Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1995,30(2):245 -256.
[4]王维纲,吕炳全.小尺度的碳酸盐岩层序地层学分析-塔里木盆地桑塔木断垒带奥陶系层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):24-29. Wang Weigang,Lu Bingquan.The small scale sequence stratigraphy of the Ordovician carbonate of the Sangtamu Horst in the tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15 (4):24-29.
[5]刘忠宝,于炳松,李廷艳,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):103-109. Liu Zhongbao,Yu Bingsong,Li Tingyan,et al.Sequence development controls on iyngenesis karst of the Middle-Upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):103-109.
[6]樊太亮,于炳松,高志前.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):57-65. Fan Tailiang,Yu Bingsong,Gao Zhiqian.Characteristics of carbonate sequence stratigraphy and its control on oil-gas in Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,2007,21(1):57-65.
[7]王招明,赵宽志,邬光辉,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩型储层发育特征及其主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):797-801. Wang Zhaoming,Zhao Kuanzhi,Wu Guanghui,et al.Charac- teristics and main controlling factors of the Upper Ordovician reef-bank reservoir development in the Tazhong I slope-break zone[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(6):798 -801.
[8]王招明,张丽娟,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系礁滩体特征与油气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,6:1-7. Wang Zhaoming,Zhang Lijuan,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Features of Ordovician reef beach and exploration activities in Tarim Basin [J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,6:1 - 7.
[9]赵宗举,潘文庆,张丽娟,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):175-188. ZhaoZongju,Pan Wenqing,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Sequence Stratigraphy in the Ordovician in the Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):175-188.
[10]赵宗举,张运波,潘懋,等.塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):609-620. ZhaoZongju,Zhang Yunbo,Pan Mao,et al.Cambrian sequence stratigraphic framework in Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2010,56(5):609 -620.
[11]Mitchum R,Vail P,Thompson S.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level,part 2:the depositional sequence as the basic unit for stratigraphic analysis[A].Payton C.Seismic Stratigraphy:Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir[C],1977.26:53 -62.
[12]Sloss L L.Forty years of sequence stratigraphy[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin.1988,1661 -1666.
[13]朱筱敏,康安,王贵文.陆相坳陷型和断陷型湖盆层序地层样式探讨[J],沉积学报,2003,21(2):283-287. Zhu Xiaomin,Kang An,Wang Guiwen.Sequence stratigraphic models of depression and faulted-down Lake Basins[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(2):283 -287.
[14]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):3-11. Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi.Structural feature & hydrocarbon potential in Tarim Basin[J].Cinese Science Bulletin,2002, 47(s1):3-11.
[15]周兴熙.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气勘探对策[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(6):485-488. Zhou Xingxi.Strategy for exploration of carbonate reservoir of Lower Paleozoic in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2002,23(6):485-488.
[16]孙龙德.塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩与油气[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):10-15. Sun Longde.Marine carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2007,12(4): 10-15.
[17]顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素[J].古地理学报,2009,11(1):21-27. Gu Jiayu,Ma Feng,Ji Lidan.Types,characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform[J].Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009,11(1):21 -27.
[18]邹才能,陶士振.海相碳酸盐岩大中型岩性地层油气田形成的主要控制因素[J].科学通报,2007,(S1):32-39. Zhou Caineng,Tao Shizhen.Main controlling factors of medi- um-I large scale lithostratigraphic reservoirs accumulation in Marine Carbonate Rock[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007, (S1):32-39.
[19]陈新军,蔡希源,纪友亮,等.塔中奥陶系大型不整合面与风化壳岩溶发育[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,35(8):1122-1127. Chen Xinjun,Cai Xiyuan,Ji Youliang,et al.Relationship between large scale unconformity surface and weathering crust karst of Ordovician in Tazhong[J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2007,35(8):1122-1127.
[20]韩剑发,于红枫,张海祖,等.塔中地区北部斜坡带下奥陶统碳酸盐岩风化壳油气富集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):167-173. Han Jianfa,Yu Hongfeng,Zhang Haizu,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Lower Ordovician carbonate rock weathering crust on the northern slope zone of Tazhong area [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2008,29(2):167-173.
[21]苗继军,贾承造,邹才能,等.塔中地区下奥陶统岩溶风化壳储层特征与勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18 (4):497-500. Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Zou Caineng,et al.Characteristics and exploration fields of Paleo-Kast reservoirs at the top of early Ordovician in central Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007,18(4):497-500.
[22]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带礁滩复合体大型凝析气田成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29 (3):323-326. Han Jianfa,Mei Lianfu,Yang Haijun,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of large-sized reef-shoal complex condensate gas field in Tazhong No.1 Slope-Break Zone,Tarim Basin [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(3):323-326.
[23]王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-292. Wang Zhenyu,Yan Wei,Zhang Yunfeng,et al.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of upper Ordovician platform margin reefs and grain banks resirvior in Ta Zhong area[J].Xinjiang Geology, 2007,25(3):287-292.
[24]王振宇,陈景山.塔中地区中-晚奥陶世碳酸盐陆棚边缘大气成岩透镜体的发育特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):152-160. Wang Zhenyu,Chen Jingshan.Characters of atmospheric diagenetic lens along middle-late ordovician carbonate shelf margin in central Tarim area[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2002, 37(S1):152-160.
[25]杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007, 28(4):26-30. Yang Haijun,Wu Guanghui,Han Jianfa,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon enrichment along the Ordovician carbonate platform margin in the central uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):26-30.
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