南海南、北陆缘中生代构造层序及其沉积环境
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摘要
新生代海底扩张,使南海陆缘分为南、北两部分。南部礼乐地块与南海北缘在扩张之前构成了统一的活动陆缘。通过对南、北陆缘的钻井研究和井旁地震剖面解释,发现二者的中生界均具有4个地震层序及3个构造层。南北陆缘构造层序及物源分析表明,早白垩世礼乐地块与南海北缘曾发生碰撞拼贴。早白垩世的南海北缘地区沉积环境由海陆过渡相向陆相演化,相应的礼乐地区是由浅海相向滨海相演化,二者反映出相同的向上变浅旋回,说明在南、北陆缘拼贴之后,两者具有了统一的构造沉积背景。到晚白垩世末,两区均隆升为陆,且遭受剥蚀;南海北缘地区上白垩统部分被剥蚀,而距俯冲边界更近的礼乐地区上白垩统则被剥蚀殆尽。
Continental margin of South China Sea was divided into two parts for seafloor spreading in Cenozoic.Liyue block and continental margin of northern South China Sea should be the same margin before seafloor spreading.Based on drilling data from northern and southern continental margins of South China Sea and seismic profile interpretation across the wells,Mesozoic strata are devided into four seismic sequences and three structural layers.Tectonic sequences and provenance analysis of northern and southern continental margins showed that the Liyue block and continental margin of northern South China Sea collided in Early Cretaceous.In Early Cretaceous,depositional environment in continental margin of northern South China Sea evolved from marine-continental transitional facies to continental facies,and Liyue area from shallow sea facies to littoral facies correspondingly,which showed the same upward shoaling cycle,indicating the two areas had unified tectonic and depositional setting after the collision of northern and southern continental margins.By the end of Late Cretaceous,the two areas upheaved to be continent and have been destroyed,which caused that partial Upper Cretaceous strata in northern continental margin of South China Sea was destroyed and complete Upper Cretaceous strata in Liyue area closer to subduction boundary was destroyed.
Continental margin of South China Sea was divided into two parts for seafloor spreading in Cenozoic.Liyue block and continental margin of northern South China Sea should be the same margin before seafloor spreading.Based on drilling data from northern and southern continental margins of South China Sea and seismic profile interpretation across the wells,Mesozoic strata are devided into four seismic sequences and three structural layers.Tectonic sequences and provenance analysis of northern and southern continental margins showed that the Liyue block and continental margin of northern South China Sea collided in Early Cretaceous.In Early Cretaceous,depositional environment in continental margin of northern South China Sea evolved from marine-continental transitional facies to continental facies,and Liyue area from shallow sea facies to littoral facies correspondingly,which showed the same upward shoaling cycle,indicating the two areas had unified tectonic and depositional setting after the collision of northern and southern continental margins.By the end of Late Cretaceous,the two areas upheaved to be continent and have been destroyed,which caused that partial Upper Cretaceous strata in northern continental margin of South China Sea was destroyed and complete Upper Cretaceous strata in Liyue area closer to subduction boundary was destroyed.
引文
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[18]邵磊,尤洪庆,郝沪军,等.南海东北部中生界岩石学特征及沉积环境[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):164-169.SHAO Lei,YOU Hong-qing,HAO Hu-jun,et al.Pe-trology and depositional environments of Mesozoic stratain the northeastern South China Sea[J].Geological Re-view,2007,53(2):164-169.
[19]吴国瑄,王汝建,郝沪军,等.南海北部海相中生界发育的微体化石证据[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(1):79-85.WU Guo-xuan,WANG Ru-jian,HAO Hu-jun,et al.Microfossil evidence for development of marine Mesozoicin the north of South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2007,27(1):79-85.
[20]袁友仁,杨树康,汤贤赞,等.晚中生代—新生代南海周缘地块运动与南海演化[J].热带海洋,1994,13(2):9-16.YUAN You-ren,YANG Shu-kang,TANG Xian-zan,et al.Surrounding block kinematics and tectonic evolu-tion of South China Sea since Late Mesozoic[J].TropicOceanology,1994,13(2):9-16.
[21]Sales A O,Jacobsen E C,Morado A A,et al.Thepetroleum potential of deep-water northwest Palawanblock GSEC 66[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1997,15(2/3):217-240.
[2]Holloway N H.North Palawan block,Philippines-its re-lation to Asian mainland and role in evolution of SouthChina Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1982,66(9):1355-1383.
[3]Taylor B,Hayes D E.The tectonic evolution of the SouthChina Basin[C]//Hayes D E.The tectonic and geo-logic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands.Geo-physical Monograph Set 23.Washington D C:AGU,1980:89-104.
[4]Taylor B,Hayes D E.Origin and history of the SouthChina Sea basin[C]//Hayes D E.The tectonic andgeologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands:Part 2.Geophysical Monograph Set 27.Washington D C:AGU,1983:23-56.
[5]李唐根,邱燕,姚永坚.大地构造特征[C]//刘光鼎.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理特征.北京:科学出版社,1992:248-271.LI Tang-gen,QIU Yan,YAO Yong-jian.Tectonic char-acteristics[C]//LIU Guang-ding.Geologic-geophysicfeatures of China seas and adjacent regions.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1992:248-271.
[6]姚伯初,曾维军,陈艺中,等.南海北部陆缘东部的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):27-35.YAO Bo-chu,ZENG Wei-jun,CHEN Yi-zhong,et al.The crustal structure in the eastern part of the northernmargin of the South China Sea[M].Acta GeophysicaSinica,1994,37(1):27-35.
[7]夏戡原,黄慈流,黄志明.南海及邻区中生代(晚三叠世—白垩纪)地层分布特征及含油气性对比[J].中国海上油气(地质),2004,18(2):73-83.XIA Kan-yuan,HUANG Ci-liu,HUANG Zhi-ming.Upper Triassic-Cretaceous sediment distribution and hy-drocarbon potential in South China Sea and its adjacentareas[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2004,18(2):73-83.
[8]周蒂,王万银,庞雄,等.地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带[J].中国科学(D辑)地球科学,2006,36(3):209-218.ZHOU Di,WANG Wan-yin,PANG Xiong,et al.Mes-ozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern South Chi-na Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations[J].Sci-ence in China(Ser.D),2006,36(3):209-218.
[9]金庆焕.南海地质与油气资源[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:151-160.JIN Qing-huan.Geology&oil resources of the South Chi-na Sea[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989:151-160.
[10]王嘹亮,许中杰,张莉,等.南海华南陆缘中生界层序地层模式与海平面变化[J].世界地质,2010,29(3):431-441.WANG Liao-liang,XU Zhong-jie,ZHANG Li,et al.Mesozoic sequence stratigraphic model and sea levelchange of South China continental margin of South ChinaSea[J].Global Geology,2010,29(3):431-441.
[11]王平,夏戡原,黄慈流.南海东北部中生代海相地层的分布及其地质地球物理特征[M].热带海洋,2000,19(4):28-35.WANG Ping,XIA Kan-yuan,HUANG Ci-liu.Distri-bution and geological&geophysical characteristics ofMesozoic margin strata in northeastern part of South Chi-na Sea[M].Tropic Oceanology,2000,19(4):28-35.
[12]郝沪军,林鹤鸣,杨梦雄,等.潮汕坳陷中生界—油气勘探的新领域[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(3):157-163.HAO Hu-jun,LIN He-ming,YANG Meng-xiong,etal.The Mesozoic in chaoshan depression:a new domainof petroleum exploration[J].China Offshore Oil andGas(Geology),2001,15(3):157-163.
[13]鲁宝亮,王璞珺,张功成,等.南海北部陆缘盆地基底结构及其油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):580-587.LU Bao-liang,WANG Pu-jun,ZHANG Gong-cheng,et al.Basement structures of an epicontinental basin inthe northern South China Sea and their significance inpetroleum prospect[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):580-587.
[14]魏喜,邓晋福,陈亦寒.南海盆地中生代海相沉积地层分布特征及勘探潜力分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(4):456-461.WEI Xi,DENG Jin-fu,CHEN Yi-han.Distributioncharacters and exploration potential of Mesozoic sea faci-es sedimentary strata in the South China Sea basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2005,35(4):456-461.
[15]张莉,沙志彬,王立飞.南沙海域礼乐盆地中生界油气资源潜力[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(4):97-102.ZHANG Li,SHA Zhi-bin,WANG Li-fei.Hydrocarbonresources potential of Mesozoic in Liyue Basin,north-eastern nansha sea areas[J].Margin Geology&Qua-ternary Geology,2007,27(4):97-102.
[16]陈汉宗,孙珍,周蒂.华南中生代岩相变化及海相地层时空分布[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(2):74-82.CHEN Han-zong,SUN Zhen,ZHOU Di.Distributionof Mesozoic lithofacies and marine strata in South China[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2003,22(2):74-82.
[17]刘海龄,谢国发,阎贫,等.南沙海区中生界岩相分布及构造特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(3):272-278.LIU Hai-ling,XIE Guo-fa,YAN Pin,et al.Tectonicimplication of Mesozoic marine deposits in the Nanshaislands of the South China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Lim-nologia Sinica,2007,38(3):272-278.
[18]邵磊,尤洪庆,郝沪军,等.南海东北部中生界岩石学特征及沉积环境[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):164-169.SHAO Lei,YOU Hong-qing,HAO Hu-jun,et al.Pe-trology and depositional environments of Mesozoic stratain the northeastern South China Sea[J].Geological Re-view,2007,53(2):164-169.
[19]吴国瑄,王汝建,郝沪军,等.南海北部海相中生界发育的微体化石证据[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(1):79-85.WU Guo-xuan,WANG Ru-jian,HAO Hu-jun,et al.Microfossil evidence for development of marine Mesozoicin the north of South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2007,27(1):79-85.
[20]袁友仁,杨树康,汤贤赞,等.晚中生代—新生代南海周缘地块运动与南海演化[J].热带海洋,1994,13(2):9-16.YUAN You-ren,YANG Shu-kang,TANG Xian-zan,et al.Surrounding block kinematics and tectonic evolu-tion of South China Sea since Late Mesozoic[J].TropicOceanology,1994,13(2):9-16.
[21]Sales A O,Jacobsen E C,Morado A A,et al.Thepetroleum potential of deep-water northwest Palawanblock GSEC 66[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1997,15(2/3):217-240.
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