四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气储层地震—测井层序分析
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摘要
四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组为一套黑色页岩沉积,是潜在的页岩气储层发育段。应用层序地层学原理,根据自然伽马和声波测井曲线,结合地震资料,开展了该区龙马溪组层序地层学研究,并预测有利页岩气储层发育段的分布。结果表明,龙马溪组可以划分为5个地震层序和22个测井层序。通过合成记录将测井层序划分结果与地震层序进行对比,并以地震层序框架为约束,开展井间测井层序对比分析,可在该区建立一个3层结构的层序模式,即2个低频超层序、5个中频地震层序和22个高频测井层序。综合分析每口井的伽马测井曲线特征,建立起了该区页岩气储层发育的层序地层模式:伽马曲线表现出升高和降低两种形态,分别解释为海侵体系域和高水位或海退体系域,优质含气页岩主要发育于最大海泛面附近的凝缩层内。根据层序地层学原理,该区有利的页岩气储层主要分布于龙马溪组底部,对应于超层序1或地震层序1的中下段以及测井层序2～5。该研究成果对四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气储层勘探及其他地区页岩气储层的预测具有借鉴作用。
A set of dark shale deposits was found in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and was considered as potential shale gas reservoirs.According to the theory of sequence stratigraphy,natural gamma ray and sonic logging data were integrated with seismic data to perform the sequence stratigraphic study and to map the favorable shale gas reservoirs.The Longmaxi Fm can be divided into 5 seismic sequences and 22 logging sequences.The logging sequences were correlated with the seismic sequences on synthetic profiles and inter-well logging sequence correlation was performed with the seismic sequence framework as constraint.A three-layer sequence model was thus built in this study area,consisting of 2 low frequency super-sequences,5 medium frequency seismic sequences and 22 high frequency logging sequences.Additionally,a sequence stratigraphic model of the shale gas reservoirs there was also established through a comprehensive analysis of each well's gamma ray curve.The gamma ray curves show two geometries,i.e.an ascending one and a descending one,which were interpreted as transgressive system tract and retrogressive system tract respectively.The quality gas shale mainly occurs in the condensed succession near the maximum flooding surface.It is believed that the favorable shale gas reservoirs are mainly distributed at the bottom of Longmaxi Fm and correspond to the middle-lower interval of super-sequence 1 or seismic sequence 1 and logging sequences 2-5.These understandings can be used to guide the exploration of shale gas in the Longmaxi Fm of the Sichuan Basin and mapping of shale gas reservoirs also in other regions.
A set of dark shale deposits was found in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and was considered as potential shale gas reservoirs.According to the theory of sequence stratigraphy,natural gamma ray and sonic logging data were integrated with seismic data to perform the sequence stratigraphic study and to map the favorable shale gas reservoirs.The Longmaxi Fm can be divided into 5 seismic sequences and 22 logging sequences.The logging sequences were correlated with the seismic sequences on synthetic profiles and inter-well logging sequence correlation was performed with the seismic sequence framework as constraint.A three-layer sequence model was thus built in this study area,consisting of 2 low frequency super-sequences,5 medium frequency seismic sequences and 22 high frequency logging sequences.Additionally,a sequence stratigraphic model of the shale gas reservoirs there was also established through a comprehensive analysis of each well's gamma ray curve.The gamma ray curves show two geometries,i.e.an ascending one and a descending one,which were interpreted as transgressive system tract and retrogressive system tract respectively.The quality gas shale mainly occurs in the condensed succession near the maximum flooding surface.It is believed that the favorable shale gas reservoirs are mainly distributed at the bottom of Longmaxi Fm and correspond to the middle-lower interval of super-sequence 1 or seismic sequence 1 and logging sequences 2-5.These understandings can be used to guide the exploration of shale gas in the Longmaxi Fm of the Sichuan Basin and mapping of shale gas reservoirs also in other regions.
引文
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[2]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及潜力资源[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Shejiao,et al.Ge-ological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[3]关德师,牛嘉玉,郭丽娜,等.中国非常规油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:116-120.GUAN Deshi,NIU Jiayu,GUO Lina,et al.Unconven-tional hydrocarbon geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press,1995:116-120.
[4]马文辛,刘树根,黄文明,等.鄂西渝东志留系储层特征及非常规气勘探前景[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(6):27-37.MA Wenxin,LIU Shugen,HUANG Wenming,et al.Res-ervoir rocks characters of Silurian and its unconventional gas prospection in Western Hubei-Eastern Chongqing[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology,2012,34(6):27-37.
[5]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.ZHANG Jinchuan,JIANG Shengling,TANG Xuan,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109-114.
[6]邹才能,董大忠,杨桦,等.中国页岩气成藏条件及勘探实践[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):26-39.ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,YANG Hua,et al.Condi-tions of shale gas accumulation and exploration practices of China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):26-39.
[7]张金川,徐波,聂海宽,等.四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):151-156.ZHANG Jinchuan,XU Bo,NIE Haikuan,et al.Geological condition of shale gas accumulation in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(2):151-156.
[8]李延钧,刘欢,刘家霞,等.页岩气地质选区及资源潜力评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(2):28-34.LI Yanjun,LIU Huan,LIU Jiaxia,et al.Geological re-gional selection and an evaluation method of resource potential of shale gas[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2011,33(2):28-34.
[9]蒲泊伶.四川盆地页岩气成藏条件分析[D].东营:中国石油大学,2008.PU Boling.Analysis of shale gas pooling conditions in the Sichuan Basin[D].Dongying:China University of Petrole-um,2008.
[10]ZHONG G,LI Y,WU F,et al.Identification of subtle seismic sequence boundaries by all-reflector tracking method[C]∥SEG International Exposition and80th An-nual Meeting,17-22October2010,Denver,Colorado,USA.Tulsa:SEG,2010.
[11]SLATT R M,RODRIGUEZ N D.Comparative sequence stratigraphy and organic geochemistry of gas shales:Com-monality or coincidence[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2012,8(9):68-84.
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