云南高黎贡山典型斜长角闪岩地震波速、各向异性及其晶格优选定向的研究
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摘要
斜长角闪岩和角闪岩相变质岩石是大陆中—下地壳、岛弧深部地壳以及俯冲大洋地壳中最重要的组成岩石之一,查明目前地壳中斜长角闪岩的体积含量、空间分布及其应变状态对于深入研究大陆地壳的形成与演化过程极其重要。笔者等实验测量了云南高黎贡韧性剪切带典型变形斜长角闪岩7个关键性方向上的地震(P和S波)波速随静水围压(0～600MPa)的变化规律,并利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术测定了主要造岩矿物角闪石、斜长石和石英的晶格优选方位,查清斜长角闪岩中地震波速各向异性与剪切波分裂的成因,确定斜长角闪岩中有限应变椭球与波速椭球的对应关系,为今后利用原地地震波速的各向异性调查地壳深部区域构造应变场提供必要的实验和理论基础。
A large portion of the deep crust beneath the continents and oceanic island arcs may consist of amphibolites dominated by hornblende and plagioclase. An amphibolite can be derived from prograde metamorphism of either mafic igneous rocks or greywackes, or retrograde metamorphism of eclogites and mafic granulites. Furthermore, partial melting of amphibolitic lower crust or subducted oceanic crust is the most likely source for the formation of plutonic bodies of granites, migmatites and trondhjemite-tonalites during orogenic events. Here we report new results on P- and S-wave velocities and anisotropy in a typical amphibolite from the Gaoligong ductile shear zone, Western Yunnan, China, measured along 7 key directions at confining pressures up to 600 MPa. At 600 MPa, P- and S-wave anisotropy coefficients are 14.5% and 12.0%, respectively. The maximum shear wave splitting (0.38 km/s) occurs in the propagating direction at an angle of 55° with each of the three main axes of the finite strain ellipsoid (X is parallel to the stretching lineation, Y parallel to the foliation but perpendicular to the lineation, and Z normal to the foliation). To the first approximation, the spatial distribution of P-wave velocities in the amphibolites can be represented by an ellipsoid whose longest, moderate and shortest axes are parallel to the X, Y and Z axes of the strain ellipsoid, respectively. Electron backscattering diffractions (EBSD) showed that the (100) planes of hornblende are parallel or subparallel to the XY plane, the [001] crystallographic directions have a strong concentration parallel to X and the [010] directions are parallel to Y. This petrofabric pattern suggests that the hornblende deformed by (100)[001] slip accommodated by anisotropic growth. The seismic anisotropy and shear wave splitting can be well explained by the lattice preferred orientations of hornblende (87 vol%), plagioclase (7 vol%) and quartz (6 vol%), characterized using EBSD techniques. The results provide a new calibration for the seismic properties of amphibolites within the Earth’s crust in order to improve our further understanding of crustal deformation and tectonic evolution.
A large portion of the deep crust beneath the continents and oceanic island arcs may consist of amphibolites dominated by hornblende and plagioclase. An amphibolite can be derived from prograde metamorphism of either mafic igneous rocks or greywackes, or retrograde metamorphism of eclogites and mafic granulites. Furthermore, partial melting of amphibolitic lower crust or subducted oceanic crust is the most likely source for the formation of plutonic bodies of granites, migmatites and trondhjemite-tonalites during orogenic events. Here we report new results on P- and S-wave velocities and anisotropy in a typical amphibolite from the Gaoligong ductile shear zone, Western Yunnan, China, measured along 7 key directions at confining pressures up to 600 MPa. At 600 MPa, P- and S-wave anisotropy coefficients are 14.5% and 12.0%, respectively. The maximum shear wave splitting (0.38 km/s) occurs in the propagating direction at an angle of 55° with each of the three main axes of the finite strain ellipsoid (X is parallel to the stretching lineation, Y parallel to the foliation but perpendicular to the lineation, and Z normal to the foliation). To the first approximation, the spatial distribution of P-wave velocities in the amphibolites can be represented by an ellipsoid whose longest, moderate and shortest axes are parallel to the X, Y and Z axes of the strain ellipsoid, respectively. Electron backscattering diffractions (EBSD) showed that the (100) planes of hornblende are parallel or subparallel to the XY plane, the [001] crystallographic directions have a strong concentration parallel to X and the [010] directions are parallel to Y. This petrofabric pattern suggests that the hornblende deformed by (100)[001] slip accommodated by anisotropic growth. The seismic anisotropy and shear wave splitting can be well explained by the lattice preferred orientations of hornblende (87 vol%), plagioclase (7 vol%) and quartz (6 vol%), characterized using EBSD techniques. The results provide a new calibration for the seismic properties of amphibolites within the Earth’s crust in order to improve our further understanding of crustal deformation and tectonic evolution.
引文
Aleksandrov K S,Alchikov U V,Belikov B P,Zalavskii B I,Krupnyi A I.1974.Velocities of elastic waves in minerals at atmospheric pressure and increasing precision of elastic constants by means of EVMIzv.Acad.Sci.USSR Geol.Ser.,10:15～24.
Aleksandrov K S,Ryzhova T V.1961.Theelastic properties of rock forming minerals,pyroxenes and amphiboles.Bull.Acad.Sci.USSRGeophys.Ser.,871～875
Barberini V,Burlini L,Zappone A.2007.Elastic properties,fabric and seismic anisotropy of amphibolites and their contribution to the lower crust reflectivity.Tectonophysics,445:227～244.
Barruol G.1993.Pétrophysique de la crote inférieure.Rle de l'anisotropie sismique sur la réflectivitéet le déphasage des ondes S.PhD Thesis.Universitéde Montpellier II,France,pp.239～258.
Birch F.1960.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10kilobar,Part1.J.Geophys.Res.,65:1083～1102.
Burke M,Fountain D M.1990.Seismic properties of rocks from an exposure of extended continental crust-new laboratory measurements from the Ivrea zone.Tectonophysics,182:119～146.
Christensen N I,Mooney W D.1995.Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust:A global view.J.Geophys.Res.,100(B7):9761～9788.
Christensen N I.1966.Shear wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to10kilobars.J.Geophys.Res.,71:3549～3556.
Christensen N I.1996.Poisson’s ratio and crustal seismology.J.Geophys.Res.,101:3139～3156.
Chroston P N,Brooks S G.1989.Lower crustal seismic velocities from Lofoten-Vester a。len,northNorway.Tectonophysics,157:251～269.
Eberhart-Phillips D,Han D H,Zoback M D.1989.Empirical relationships among seismic velocity,effective pressure,porosity,and clay content in sandstone.Geophysics,54:82～89.
Foley S,Tiepolo M,Vannucci R.2002.Growth of early continental crustcontrolled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones.Nature,417:837～840.
Fountain D M,Salisbury M H.1996.Seismic properties of rock samples from the Pikwitonei granulite belt God's Lake domain crustal crosssection,Manitoba.Can.J.Earth Sci.,33:757～768.
Fountain D M.1976.The Ivrea-Verbano and Strona-Ceneri zones,northernItaly:a cross section of the continental crust-new evidence from seismic velocities of rock samples.Tectonophysics,33:145～165.
Freund D.1992.Ultrasonic compressional and shear velocities in dryclastic rocks as a function of porosity,clay content,and confining pressure.Geophys.J.Inter.,108:125～135.
Hamilton W B.1988.Plate tectonics and island arcs.Geol.Sco.Am.Bull.,100:1503～1527.
Ji Shaocheng,Mainprice D.1988.Natural deformation fabrics of plagioclase:implications for slip systems and seismic anisotropy.Tectonophysics,147:145～163.
Ji Shaocheng,Mainprice D.1990.Recrystallization and fabric development in plagioclase.J.Geol.,98:65～79.
Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H,Hanmer S.1993.Petrofabric,P-wave anisotropy and seismic reflectivity of high grade tectonites.Tectonophysics,222:195～226.
Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H.1993.Shear-wave velocities,anisotropy and splitting in high-grade mylonites,Tectonophysics,221:453～473.
Ji Shaocheng,Wang Qian,Marcotte D,Salisbury M H,Xu Zhiqin.2007.P-wave velocities,anisotropy and hysteresis in ultrahigh-pressuremetamorphic rocks as a function of confining pressure.J.Geophys.Res.,112,B09204,doi:10.1029/2006JB004867.
Ji Shaocheng,Wang Qian,Salisbury M H.2009.Composition and tectonic evolution of the Chinese continental crust constrained by Poisson’sratio.Tectonophysics,463:15～30.
Ji Shaocheng,Wirth R,Rybacki E,Jiang Zhenting.2000.High-temperature plastic deformation of quartz-plagioclase multilayers by layer-normal compression.J.Geophys.Res.,105(B7):16651～16664.
Kern H,Gao Shan,Jin Zhenmin,Popp T,Jin Shuyan.1999.Petrophysical studies on rocks from the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphic belt,central China:implication for the composition and delamination of the lower crust.Tectonophysics,301:191～215.
Kern H,Gao Shan,Lui Qingshen.1996.Seismic properties and densities of middle and lower crustal rocks exposed along the North China Geoscience Transect.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,139:439～455.
Kern H,Jin Zhenmin,Gao Shan,Popp T,Xu Zhiqin.2002.In-situphysical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain,Eastern Central China:implications for the seismic structure at the Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,354:315～330.
Kern H,Lui Bin,Popp T.1997.Relationship between anisotropy of P and S wave velocities and anisotropy of attenuation in serpentinite and amphibolite.J.Geophys.Res.,102:3051～3065.
Kern H,Mengel K,Stauss K W,Ivankina T I,Nikitin A N,Kukkonen I T.2009.Elastic wave velocities,chemistry and modal mineralogy of crustal rocks sampled by the Outokumpu scientific drill hole:Evidence from lab measurements and modeling.Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,175:151～166.
Kern H,Popp T,Gorbatsevich F,Zharikov A,Lobanov K V,Smirnov YuP.2001.Pressure and temperature dependence of Vp and Vs in rocks from the superdeep well and from surface analogues at Kola and thenature of velocity anisotropy.Tectonophysics,338:113～134.
Khazanehdari J,Rutter E H,Brodie K H.2000.High-pressure-high-temperature seismic velocity structure of the midcrustal and low crustal rocks of the Ivtea-Verbano zone and Serie dei Laghi,NW Italy.J.Geophys.Res.,105:13843～13858.
Laske G,Masters G,Reif C.2012.CRUST2.0:A New Global Crustal Model at2x2Degrees.http://igppweb.ucsd.edu/～gabi/crust2.html
Mazzoli C,Sassi R,Burlini L.2002.Experimental study of the seismic properties of the Eastern Alps(Italy)along the Aurina-Tures-Badia Valleys transects.Tectonophysics,354:179～194.
McDonough D T,Fountain D M.1988.Reflection characteristics of a mylonite zone based on compressional wave velocities of rock samples.Geophys.J.,93:547～558.
McSkimin H J,Andreacht P,Thurston R N.1965.Elastic moduli of quartz versus hydrostatic pressure at25°and-195.8°.J.Appl.Phys.,36:1624～1632.
Miller D J,Christensen N I.1994.Seismic signature and geochemistry of an island arc:a multidisciplinary study of the Kohistan accreted terrane,northern Pakistan.J.Geophys.Res.,99:11623～11642.
Musacchio G,Mooney W D,Luetgert J H,Christensen N I.1997.Composition of the crust in the Grenville and Appalachian provinces of North America inferred from Vp/Vs ratios.J.Geophys.Res.,102:15225～15241.
Neuendorf K K E,Mehl J P,Jackson J A.2011.Glossary of Geology,Fifth Edition.American Geological Institute,1～800.
Punturo R,Kern H,Cirrincione R,Mazzoleni P,Pezzino A.2005.P-and S-wave velocities and densities in silicate and calcite rocks from the Peloritani Mountains,Sicily(Italy):The effort of pressure,temperature and the direction of wave propagation.Tectonophysics,409:55～72.
Rappa R P,Bruce E W,Miller C F.1991.Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalities.Precambrian Research,51:1～25.
Reynard B,Gillet P,Willaime C.1989.Deformation mechanisms in naturally deformed glaucophanes—a TEM and HREM study.Europ.J.Mineral.,1:611～624.
Schwerdtner W M.1964.Preferred orientation of hornblende in a banded hornblende greiss.Am.J.Sci.,262:1212～1229.
Siegesmund S,Takeshita T,Kern H.1989.Anisotropy of Vp and Vs in an amphibolite of the deeper crust and its relationship to the mineralogical,microstructural and textural characteristics of the rock.Tectonophysics,157:25～38.
Simmons G.1964.Velocity of shear waves in rocks to10kilobars,1.J.Geophys.Res.,69:1123～1130.
Skrotzki W.1990.Microstructure in hornblende of a mylonitie amphibolite.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,54:321～325.
Sun Shengsi,Ji Shaocheng,Wang Qian,Xu Zhiqin,Salisbury M H,Long Changxing.2012.Seismic velocities and anisotropy of core samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling borehole in the Sulu UHP terrane,eastern China.J.Geophys.Res.,117,B01206,doi:10.1029/2011JB008672.
Vernik L,Hickman S,Lockner D,Rusanov M.1994.Ultrasonic velocities in cores from the Kola superdeep well and the nature of subhorizontal seismic reflections.J.Geophys.Res.,99:24209～24219.
Wang Qian,Ji Shaocheng,Sun Shengsi,Kern H,Salisbury M H.2012.Elastic and seismic properties of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks.Acta Geologica Sinica,86:20～37.
Wang Qian,Ji Shaocheng,Xu Zhiqin.2009.Vp/Vs anisotropy and implications for crustal composition identification and earthquake prediction.Acta Geologica Sinica,83:801～815.
Wang Qian,Ji Shaocheng.2009.Poisson’s ratio of crystalline rocks as a function of hydrostatic confining pressure.J.Geophys.Res.,114,B09202,doi:10.1029/2008JB006167.
Wang Qin,Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H,Pan Mingbao,Xia Bin,Xu Zhiqin.2005a.Pressure dependence and anisotropy of P-wave velocities in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Suluorogenic belt(China):implications for seismic properties of subducted slabs and origin of mantle reflections.Tectonophysics,398:67～99.
Wang Qin,Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H,Xia Bin,Pan Mingbao,Xu Zhiqin.2005b.Shear wave properties and Poisson’s ratios of吗ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenicbelt:Implications for the crustal composition.J.Geophys.Res.,110,B08208,doi:10.1029/2004JB003435.
Zhao Zhidan,Niu Yaolin,Christensen N I,Zhou Wenge,Hou Qingye,Zhang Zeming,Xie Hongsen,Zhang Z C,Liu Junlai.2011.Delamination and ultra-deep subduction of continental crust:constraints from elastic wave velocity and density measurements inultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks.J.Metamorphic Geol.,29:781～801.
Zhou Wenge,Fan Dawei,Liu Yonggang,Xie Hongsen.2011.Measurements of wave velocity and electrical conductivity of anamphibolite from southwestern margin of the Tarim basin at pressures to 1.0GPa and temperatures to700°C:comparison with field observations.Phys.J.Int.,187:1393～1404.
Aleksandrov K S,Ryzhova T V.1961.Theelastic properties of rock forming minerals,pyroxenes and amphiboles.Bull.Acad.Sci.USSRGeophys.Ser.,871～875
Barberini V,Burlini L,Zappone A.2007.Elastic properties,fabric and seismic anisotropy of amphibolites and their contribution to the lower crust reflectivity.Tectonophysics,445:227～244.
Barruol G.1993.Pétrophysique de la crote inférieure.Rle de l'anisotropie sismique sur la réflectivitéet le déphasage des ondes S.PhD Thesis.Universitéde Montpellier II,France,pp.239～258.
Birch F.1960.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10kilobar,Part1.J.Geophys.Res.,65:1083～1102.
Burke M,Fountain D M.1990.Seismic properties of rocks from an exposure of extended continental crust-new laboratory measurements from the Ivrea zone.Tectonophysics,182:119～146.
Christensen N I,Mooney W D.1995.Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust:A global view.J.Geophys.Res.,100(B7):9761～9788.
Christensen N I.1966.Shear wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to10kilobars.J.Geophys.Res.,71:3549～3556.
Christensen N I.1996.Poisson’s ratio and crustal seismology.J.Geophys.Res.,101:3139～3156.
Chroston P N,Brooks S G.1989.Lower crustal seismic velocities from Lofoten-Vester a。len,northNorway.Tectonophysics,157:251～269.
Eberhart-Phillips D,Han D H,Zoback M D.1989.Empirical relationships among seismic velocity,effective pressure,porosity,and clay content in sandstone.Geophysics,54:82～89.
Foley S,Tiepolo M,Vannucci R.2002.Growth of early continental crustcontrolled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones.Nature,417:837～840.
Fountain D M,Salisbury M H.1996.Seismic properties of rock samples from the Pikwitonei granulite belt God's Lake domain crustal crosssection,Manitoba.Can.J.Earth Sci.,33:757～768.
Fountain D M.1976.The Ivrea-Verbano and Strona-Ceneri zones,northernItaly:a cross section of the continental crust-new evidence from seismic velocities of rock samples.Tectonophysics,33:145～165.
Freund D.1992.Ultrasonic compressional and shear velocities in dryclastic rocks as a function of porosity,clay content,and confining pressure.Geophys.J.Inter.,108:125～135.
Hamilton W B.1988.Plate tectonics and island arcs.Geol.Sco.Am.Bull.,100:1503～1527.
Ji Shaocheng,Mainprice D.1988.Natural deformation fabrics of plagioclase:implications for slip systems and seismic anisotropy.Tectonophysics,147:145～163.
Ji Shaocheng,Mainprice D.1990.Recrystallization and fabric development in plagioclase.J.Geol.,98:65～79.
Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H,Hanmer S.1993.Petrofabric,P-wave anisotropy and seismic reflectivity of high grade tectonites.Tectonophysics,222:195～226.
Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H.1993.Shear-wave velocities,anisotropy and splitting in high-grade mylonites,Tectonophysics,221:453～473.
Ji Shaocheng,Wang Qian,Marcotte D,Salisbury M H,Xu Zhiqin.2007.P-wave velocities,anisotropy and hysteresis in ultrahigh-pressuremetamorphic rocks as a function of confining pressure.J.Geophys.Res.,112,B09204,doi:10.1029/2006JB004867.
Ji Shaocheng,Wang Qian,Salisbury M H.2009.Composition and tectonic evolution of the Chinese continental crust constrained by Poisson’sratio.Tectonophysics,463:15～30.
Ji Shaocheng,Wirth R,Rybacki E,Jiang Zhenting.2000.High-temperature plastic deformation of quartz-plagioclase multilayers by layer-normal compression.J.Geophys.Res.,105(B7):16651～16664.
Kern H,Gao Shan,Jin Zhenmin,Popp T,Jin Shuyan.1999.Petrophysical studies on rocks from the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphic belt,central China:implication for the composition and delamination of the lower crust.Tectonophysics,301:191～215.
Kern H,Gao Shan,Lui Qingshen.1996.Seismic properties and densities of middle and lower crustal rocks exposed along the North China Geoscience Transect.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,139:439～455.
Kern H,Jin Zhenmin,Gao Shan,Popp T,Xu Zhiqin.2002.In-situphysical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain,Eastern Central China:implications for the seismic structure at the Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,354:315～330.
Kern H,Lui Bin,Popp T.1997.Relationship between anisotropy of P and S wave velocities and anisotropy of attenuation in serpentinite and amphibolite.J.Geophys.Res.,102:3051～3065.
Kern H,Mengel K,Stauss K W,Ivankina T I,Nikitin A N,Kukkonen I T.2009.Elastic wave velocities,chemistry and modal mineralogy of crustal rocks sampled by the Outokumpu scientific drill hole:Evidence from lab measurements and modeling.Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,175:151～166.
Kern H,Popp T,Gorbatsevich F,Zharikov A,Lobanov K V,Smirnov YuP.2001.Pressure and temperature dependence of Vp and Vs in rocks from the superdeep well and from surface analogues at Kola and thenature of velocity anisotropy.Tectonophysics,338:113～134.
Khazanehdari J,Rutter E H,Brodie K H.2000.High-pressure-high-temperature seismic velocity structure of the midcrustal and low crustal rocks of the Ivtea-Verbano zone and Serie dei Laghi,NW Italy.J.Geophys.Res.,105:13843～13858.
Laske G,Masters G,Reif C.2012.CRUST2.0:A New Global Crustal Model at2x2Degrees.http://igppweb.ucsd.edu/～gabi/crust2.html
Mazzoli C,Sassi R,Burlini L.2002.Experimental study of the seismic properties of the Eastern Alps(Italy)along the Aurina-Tures-Badia Valleys transects.Tectonophysics,354:179～194.
McDonough D T,Fountain D M.1988.Reflection characteristics of a mylonite zone based on compressional wave velocities of rock samples.Geophys.J.,93:547～558.
McSkimin H J,Andreacht P,Thurston R N.1965.Elastic moduli of quartz versus hydrostatic pressure at25°and-195.8°.J.Appl.Phys.,36:1624～1632.
Miller D J,Christensen N I.1994.Seismic signature and geochemistry of an island arc:a multidisciplinary study of the Kohistan accreted terrane,northern Pakistan.J.Geophys.Res.,99:11623～11642.
Musacchio G,Mooney W D,Luetgert J H,Christensen N I.1997.Composition of the crust in the Grenville and Appalachian provinces of North America inferred from Vp/Vs ratios.J.Geophys.Res.,102:15225～15241.
Neuendorf K K E,Mehl J P,Jackson J A.2011.Glossary of Geology,Fifth Edition.American Geological Institute,1～800.
Punturo R,Kern H,Cirrincione R,Mazzoleni P,Pezzino A.2005.P-and S-wave velocities and densities in silicate and calcite rocks from the Peloritani Mountains,Sicily(Italy):The effort of pressure,temperature and the direction of wave propagation.Tectonophysics,409:55～72.
Rappa R P,Bruce E W,Miller C F.1991.Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalities.Precambrian Research,51:1～25.
Reynard B,Gillet P,Willaime C.1989.Deformation mechanisms in naturally deformed glaucophanes—a TEM and HREM study.Europ.J.Mineral.,1:611～624.
Schwerdtner W M.1964.Preferred orientation of hornblende in a banded hornblende greiss.Am.J.Sci.,262:1212～1229.
Siegesmund S,Takeshita T,Kern H.1989.Anisotropy of Vp and Vs in an amphibolite of the deeper crust and its relationship to the mineralogical,microstructural and textural characteristics of the rock.Tectonophysics,157:25～38.
Simmons G.1964.Velocity of shear waves in rocks to10kilobars,1.J.Geophys.Res.,69:1123～1130.
Skrotzki W.1990.Microstructure in hornblende of a mylonitie amphibolite.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,54:321～325.
Sun Shengsi,Ji Shaocheng,Wang Qian,Xu Zhiqin,Salisbury M H,Long Changxing.2012.Seismic velocities and anisotropy of core samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling borehole in the Sulu UHP terrane,eastern China.J.Geophys.Res.,117,B01206,doi:10.1029/2011JB008672.
Vernik L,Hickman S,Lockner D,Rusanov M.1994.Ultrasonic velocities in cores from the Kola superdeep well and the nature of subhorizontal seismic reflections.J.Geophys.Res.,99:24209～24219.
Wang Qian,Ji Shaocheng,Sun Shengsi,Kern H,Salisbury M H.2012.Elastic and seismic properties of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks.Acta Geologica Sinica,86:20～37.
Wang Qian,Ji Shaocheng,Xu Zhiqin.2009.Vp/Vs anisotropy and implications for crustal composition identification and earthquake prediction.Acta Geologica Sinica,83:801～815.
Wang Qian,Ji Shaocheng.2009.Poisson’s ratio of crystalline rocks as a function of hydrostatic confining pressure.J.Geophys.Res.,114,B09202,doi:10.1029/2008JB006167.
Wang Qin,Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H,Pan Mingbao,Xia Bin,Xu Zhiqin.2005a.Pressure dependence and anisotropy of P-wave velocities in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Suluorogenic belt(China):implications for seismic properties of subducted slabs and origin of mantle reflections.Tectonophysics,398:67～99.
Wang Qin,Ji Shaocheng,Salisbury M H,Xia Bin,Pan Mingbao,Xu Zhiqin.2005b.Shear wave properties and Poisson’s ratios of吗ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenicbelt:Implications for the crustal composition.J.Geophys.Res.,110,B08208,doi:10.1029/2004JB003435.
Zhao Zhidan,Niu Yaolin,Christensen N I,Zhou Wenge,Hou Qingye,Zhang Zeming,Xie Hongsen,Zhang Z C,Liu Junlai.2011.Delamination and ultra-deep subduction of continental crust:constraints from elastic wave velocity and density measurements inultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks.J.Metamorphic Geol.,29:781～801.
Zhou Wenge,Fan Dawei,Liu Yonggang,Xie Hongsen.2011.Measurements of wave velocity and electrical conductivity of anamphibolite from southwestern margin of the Tarim basin at pressures to 1.0GPa and temperatures to700°C:comparison with field observations.Phys.J.Int.,187:1393～1404.
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