陆相断陷盆地低凸起斜坡带层序划分及其沉积充填演化特征:以埕岛东斜坡古近系为例
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摘要
层序分级不一致和井震层序不统一都会导致沉积充填演化特征反映的不准确,将制约储盖组合与油气分布的预测。文中应用沉积层序的概念,利用岩心、岩性、测井与地震资料,以层序界面与内部构成特征相结合的原则,从坡下到坡上,对东斜坡古近系进行了层序划分。一级层序相当于系地层单元,与构造运动相对应,层序界面为区域性角度不整合;二级层序相当于统或组地层单元,与构造运动幕相对应,层序界面为局部不整合;三级层序相当于段或亚段地层单元,与构造幕内的次级构造作用相对应,层序界面为超覆不整合面、沉积体系转换面及重力流下切面;四级层序即体系域,相当于油组与砂组,与三级层序基准面旋回的阶段性变化相对应,层序界面为初始洪泛面、最大洪泛面,共识别出SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5和SQ6等6个三级层序及15个体系域。井震统一的层序格架结合了钻井资料纵向高分辨率与地震资料横向好连续性的优点,从而高精度、高分辨率地揭示了层序格架充填演化特征,体现出层序旋回性与体系域及平面沉积相分布的差异性。古近纪埕岛凸起夷平,斜坡及凹陷补齐,发育超覆、披覆沉积;古地形由南低北高向南高北低转换;本地物源、邻近物源、区域物源阶段性变迁;多物源的沉积体系交叉、叠置,沉积相发生了扇三角洲—浊积扇—半深湖—滑塌浊积扇—辫状河三角洲—曲流河泛滥平原演变。埕岛低凸起斜坡带层序及沉积充填演化特征具有陆相断陷盆地的代表性,因而,此项研究对于解决层序地层学面临的工业化应用研究不足的问题以及油气储盖组合预测方面的难点可提供有益参考。
Lack of uniform sequence classification and well-to-seismic sequence integration led to inaccuracy of depositional filling characterization and restricted forecasting reservoir-caprock assemblages and oil-gas distribution. Applying the concept of sedimentary sequence,using core,lithology,log and seismic data,and under the guidance of the principle of combining sequence boundaries with internal features,the author carried out the sequence division of the Paleogene strata in the east slope of Chengdao from the botlom to the top of the slope. The first order sequence is equivalent to a system strata unit,corresponding to tectonic movement,and the sequence boundary is a regional angular unconformity; the second order sequence is equivalent to a series or formation strata unit,corresponding to a tectonic phase in the tectonic movement,and the sequence boundary is a partial unconformity; the third order sequence is equivalent to a member or sub-member strata unit,corresponding to the secondary tectonic activity during the tectonic phase,and the sequence boundary includes unconformity,overlapping unconformity,transform surfaces of depositional systems and etched surface of gravity flow; the fourth order sequence(system tract)is equivalent to an oil set or a sand set,corresponding to third order sequence base level changes,and the sequence boundary is the first flooding surface and the maximum flooding surface. Six sequences,the SQ1,SQ2,SQ3,SQ4,SQ5 and SQ6,and 15 system tracts were identified. The well-seismic sequence stratigraphic framework,which combined the high vertical resolution of drilling data with the high lateral continuity of seismic data,could reveal the filling and evolution characteristics of sequence stratigraphic framework with high-precision and high-resolution. And it could show the cyclicity of sequences and the distributional difference between the system tract and the sedimentary facies. The following events occurred in the east slope of Chengdao in the Paleogene:the planation of uplift; the padding of the slope and depression; the development of overlapping and draping formations; the change of paleo-topography from the south being low to the north being low; the change of local source,neighbor source and regional source; and the stacking of multi-source deposition systems. Along with these events,the depositional systems changed as follows:fan delta,turbidite fan,semi-deep lake,slump turbidite fans,braided river delta,and meandering river floodplain. The sequence stratigraphy and depositional filling characteristics of low-rise slope belt in Paleogene Chengdao are typical for continental rift basin; thus,this study may give some help in solving the problem of insufficient application of sequence stratigraphic classification to oil industry and in forecasting reservoir-caprock assemblages and oil distribution.
Lack of uniform sequence classification and well-to-seismic sequence integration led to inaccuracy of depositional filling characterization and restricted forecasting reservoir-caprock assemblages and oil-gas distribution. Applying the concept of sedimentary sequence,using core,lithology,log and seismic data,and under the guidance of the principle of combining sequence boundaries with internal features,the author carried out the sequence division of the Paleogene strata in the east slope of Chengdao from the botlom to the top of the slope. The first order sequence is equivalent to a system strata unit,corresponding to tectonic movement,and the sequence boundary is a regional angular unconformity; the second order sequence is equivalent to a series or formation strata unit,corresponding to a tectonic phase in the tectonic movement,and the sequence boundary is a partial unconformity; the third order sequence is equivalent to a member or sub-member strata unit,corresponding to the secondary tectonic activity during the tectonic phase,and the sequence boundary includes unconformity,overlapping unconformity,transform surfaces of depositional systems and etched surface of gravity flow; the fourth order sequence(system tract)is equivalent to an oil set or a sand set,corresponding to third order sequence base level changes,and the sequence boundary is the first flooding surface and the maximum flooding surface. Six sequences,the SQ1,SQ2,SQ3,SQ4,SQ5 and SQ6,and 15 system tracts were identified. The well-seismic sequence stratigraphic framework,which combined the high vertical resolution of drilling data with the high lateral continuity of seismic data,could reveal the filling and evolution characteristics of sequence stratigraphic framework with high-precision and high-resolution. And it could show the cyclicity of sequences and the distributional difference between the system tract and the sedimentary facies. The following events occurred in the east slope of Chengdao in the Paleogene:the planation of uplift; the padding of the slope and depression; the development of overlapping and draping formations; the change of paleo-topography from the south being low to the north being low; the change of local source,neighbor source and regional source; and the stacking of multi-source deposition systems. Along with these events,the depositional systems changed as follows:fan delta,turbidite fan,semi-deep lake,slump turbidite fans,braided river delta,and meandering river floodplain. The sequence stratigraphy and depositional filling characteristics of low-rise slope belt in Paleogene Chengdao are typical for continental rift basin; thus,this study may give some help in solving the problem of insufficient application of sequence stratigraphic classification to oil industry and in forecasting reservoir-caprock assemblages and oil distribution.
引文
[1]Li W,Wu Z P,Zhang M H,et al.Development characteris-tic of Mesozoic and Cenozoic faults andits control over depo-sitionin Chengdao area[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,2006,30(1):1-6(in Chinese).
[2]Chen GJ,Zhang S W.Discussion on the exploration of low buried-hills between Chengdao and Zhuangxi areas[J].Petro-leum Geology&Experi ment,2002,24(4):306-311(in Chi-nese).
[3]Zou D B,Feng D Y,Xu M,et al.Exploration status and next prospecting direction of Chengdao oil field[J].Offshore Oil,2004,24(4):27-33(in Chinese).
[4]Chen G J,Song G Q,Wang Y S.Methods for the explora-tion of sandbody lithological oil-gas reservoir in the low-level fan of slope:Taking the east slope zone of Chengdao as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(3):34-39(in Chinese).
[5]Fan T L,Li WD.Asuccessful case on sequence stratigraphy applied to the prediction of non-marine oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(2):12-17(in Chinese).
[6]Jia C Z,Zhao WZ,Zou C N,et al.Two key technologies a-bout exploration of stratigraphic/lithological reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(3):3-9(in Chinese).
[7]Wang Y M.Analysis of the mess in sequence hierarchy ap-pliedin the industrialized application of the sequence stratig-raphy[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):9-13(in Chi-nese).
[8]Wilgus C K.Sea-level Changes:An Integrated Approach[M].Tulsa Oklahoma,USA:Society of Economic Paleon-tologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication42,1988:109-154.
[9]Payton C E.Seismic Stratigraphy Application to Hydrocar-bon Exploration[M].Translated by Niu Y Q,Xu HD,Chen J S,et al.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1980:45-142(in Chinese).
[10]Catuneanu O.Principle of Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Am-sterdam,Boston,Heidelberg:Elsevier,2006:237-240,332-334.
[11]Xu Y X,Gao X L,Li Z Y,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon distribution of the Eogenein the eastern slope of Chengdao area[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(4):25-28(in Chinese).
[12]Gao X L,Li Z Y,Yang P F.Application of sequence stratig-raphy to exploration of subtle reservoirs in the eastern slope of Chengdao area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(Suppl):210-214(in Chinese).
[13]Li P L.Petroleum Geology and Exploration of Continents Fault Basin(Vol.5):Application of Sequence Stratigraphy in Continental Fault Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:161-170(in Chinese).
[14]Cross T A,Lessenger M A.Sedi ment volume partitioning:Rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolu-tion stratigraphic correlation[C]∥Norwegain Petroleums:Foreing Conference Volume,1996:1-24.
[15]Deng H W,Wang H L,Ning N.Sedi ment volume partition principle theory basis for high-resolution sequence stratigra-phy[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):305-314(in Chinese).
[16]Zheng R C,Peng J,Wu C R.Grade division of baselevel cy-cles of terrigenous basin andits i mplications[J].Acta Sedi m-entologica Sinica,2001,19(2):249-256(in Chinese).
[17]Feng Y L,Li S T,Xie X N.Dynamics of sequence genera-tion and sequence stratigraphic model in continental rift sub-sidence basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):119-133(in Chinese).
[18]Yu X H,Li S L.The development and hotspot problems of clastic petroleumreservoir sedi mentology[J].Acta Sedi men-tologica Sinica,2009,27(5):880-896.
[19]Li S L,Zhao S,Fu J,et al.Adopting the distribution and e-volution laws of depositional microfacies in analyzing the di-rections of oil field development in the Zhenjing oil field,Or-dos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):85-94.
[20]Yu X H.Areviewof development course and prospect of pe-troleum reservoir characterization and stochastic modeling[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):1-15(in Chinese).
[21]Yu X H.Hydrocarbon Reservoir Sedi mentology of Clastic Sandstone[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:59-64(in Chinese).
[22]Ren A S,Xu S G.Petroleum Geology of China,Vol.6Shengli Oil Field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987:51-56(in Chinese).
[23]Tao Z P,Ding F,He S B,et al.The reflection horizon T5in Lufeng Sag:Its sequence stratigraphy and significance in pe-troleum exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(4):182-190(in Chinese).
[24]Song G Q,Ji Y L,Zhao J Q.Oil bearing degree of different scale sequence boundaries and systemtracks[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):32-36(in Chi-nese).
[1]李伟,吴智平,张明华,等.埕岛地区中生代和新生代断层发育特征及其对沉积的控制作用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,30(1):1-6.
[2]陈广军,张善文.试论埕岛和桩西之间低潜山的勘探[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(4):306-311.
[3]邹东波,冯德永,徐梅,等.埕岛油田的勘探现状及下步勘探方向[J].海洋石油,2004,24(4):27-33.
[4]陈广军,宋国奇,王永诗.斜坡带低位扇砂岩体岩性油气藏勘探方法:以埕岛潜山披覆构造东部斜坡带为例[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):34-39.
[5]樊太亮,李卫东.层序地层应用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):12-17.
[6]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3-9.
[7]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的探讨[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-13.
[9]Payton C E.地震地层学(在油气勘探中的应用)[M].牛毓荃,徐怀大,陈俊生,等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1980:45-142.
[11]徐英霞,高喜龙,李兆炎,等.埕岛东斜坡下第三系层序地层与油气分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):25-28.
[12]高喜龙,李兆炎,杨鹏飞.层序地层学在埕岛油田东斜坡隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):210-214.
[13]李丕龙.陆相断陷盆地层序地层学应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:161-170.
[15]邓宏文,王红亮,宁宁.沉积物体积分配原理:高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-314.
[16]郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-256.
[17]冯有良,李思田,解习农.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119-133.
[18]于兴河,李胜利.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):880-896.
[19]李胜利,赵舒,付菊,等.利用鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾油田沉积微相展布与演化规律分析油田开发调整方向[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):85-94.
[20]于兴河.油气储层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):1-15.
[21]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:59-64.
[22]任安身,徐寿根.中国石油地质志(卷六)胜利油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:51-56.
[23]陶宗普,丁放,何仕斌,等.陆丰凹陷T5地震反射层特征及其油气勘探意义[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):182-190.
[24]宋国奇,纪友亮,赵俊青.不同级别层序界面及体系域的含油气性[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):32-36.
[2]Chen GJ,Zhang S W.Discussion on the exploration of low buried-hills between Chengdao and Zhuangxi areas[J].Petro-leum Geology&Experi ment,2002,24(4):306-311(in Chi-nese).
[3]Zou D B,Feng D Y,Xu M,et al.Exploration status and next prospecting direction of Chengdao oil field[J].Offshore Oil,2004,24(4):27-33(in Chinese).
[4]Chen G J,Song G Q,Wang Y S.Methods for the explora-tion of sandbody lithological oil-gas reservoir in the low-level fan of slope:Taking the east slope zone of Chengdao as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(3):34-39(in Chinese).
[5]Fan T L,Li WD.Asuccessful case on sequence stratigraphy applied to the prediction of non-marine oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(2):12-17(in Chinese).
[6]Jia C Z,Zhao WZ,Zou C N,et al.Two key technologies a-bout exploration of stratigraphic/lithological reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(3):3-9(in Chinese).
[7]Wang Y M.Analysis of the mess in sequence hierarchy ap-pliedin the industrialized application of the sequence stratig-raphy[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):9-13(in Chi-nese).
[8]Wilgus C K.Sea-level Changes:An Integrated Approach[M].Tulsa Oklahoma,USA:Society of Economic Paleon-tologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication42,1988:109-154.
[9]Payton C E.Seismic Stratigraphy Application to Hydrocar-bon Exploration[M].Translated by Niu Y Q,Xu HD,Chen J S,et al.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1980:45-142(in Chinese).
[10]Catuneanu O.Principle of Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Am-sterdam,Boston,Heidelberg:Elsevier,2006:237-240,332-334.
[11]Xu Y X,Gao X L,Li Z Y,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon distribution of the Eogenein the eastern slope of Chengdao area[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(4):25-28(in Chinese).
[12]Gao X L,Li Z Y,Yang P F.Application of sequence stratig-raphy to exploration of subtle reservoirs in the eastern slope of Chengdao area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(Suppl):210-214(in Chinese).
[13]Li P L.Petroleum Geology and Exploration of Continents Fault Basin(Vol.5):Application of Sequence Stratigraphy in Continental Fault Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:161-170(in Chinese).
[14]Cross T A,Lessenger M A.Sedi ment volume partitioning:Rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolu-tion stratigraphic correlation[C]∥Norwegain Petroleums:Foreing Conference Volume,1996:1-24.
[15]Deng H W,Wang H L,Ning N.Sedi ment volume partition principle theory basis for high-resolution sequence stratigra-phy[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):305-314(in Chinese).
[16]Zheng R C,Peng J,Wu C R.Grade division of baselevel cy-cles of terrigenous basin andits i mplications[J].Acta Sedi m-entologica Sinica,2001,19(2):249-256(in Chinese).
[17]Feng Y L,Li S T,Xie X N.Dynamics of sequence genera-tion and sequence stratigraphic model in continental rift sub-sidence basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):119-133(in Chinese).
[18]Yu X H,Li S L.The development and hotspot problems of clastic petroleumreservoir sedi mentology[J].Acta Sedi men-tologica Sinica,2009,27(5):880-896.
[19]Li S L,Zhao S,Fu J,et al.Adopting the distribution and e-volution laws of depositional microfacies in analyzing the di-rections of oil field development in the Zhenjing oil field,Or-dos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):85-94.
[20]Yu X H.Areviewof development course and prospect of pe-troleum reservoir characterization and stochastic modeling[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):1-15(in Chinese).
[21]Yu X H.Hydrocarbon Reservoir Sedi mentology of Clastic Sandstone[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:59-64(in Chinese).
[22]Ren A S,Xu S G.Petroleum Geology of China,Vol.6Shengli Oil Field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987:51-56(in Chinese).
[23]Tao Z P,Ding F,He S B,et al.The reflection horizon T5in Lufeng Sag:Its sequence stratigraphy and significance in pe-troleum exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(4):182-190(in Chinese).
[24]Song G Q,Ji Y L,Zhao J Q.Oil bearing degree of different scale sequence boundaries and systemtracks[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):32-36(in Chi-nese).
[1]李伟,吴智平,张明华,等.埕岛地区中生代和新生代断层发育特征及其对沉积的控制作用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,30(1):1-6.
[2]陈广军,张善文.试论埕岛和桩西之间低潜山的勘探[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(4):306-311.
[3]邹东波,冯德永,徐梅,等.埕岛油田的勘探现状及下步勘探方向[J].海洋石油,2004,24(4):27-33.
[4]陈广军,宋国奇,王永诗.斜坡带低位扇砂岩体岩性油气藏勘探方法:以埕岛潜山披覆构造东部斜坡带为例[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):34-39.
[5]樊太亮,李卫东.层序地层应用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):12-17.
[6]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3-9.
[7]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的探讨[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-13.
[9]Payton C E.地震地层学(在油气勘探中的应用)[M].牛毓荃,徐怀大,陈俊生,等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1980:45-142.
[11]徐英霞,高喜龙,李兆炎,等.埕岛东斜坡下第三系层序地层与油气分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):25-28.
[12]高喜龙,李兆炎,杨鹏飞.层序地层学在埕岛油田东斜坡隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):210-214.
[13]李丕龙.陆相断陷盆地层序地层学应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:161-170.
[15]邓宏文,王红亮,宁宁.沉积物体积分配原理:高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-314.
[16]郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-256.
[17]冯有良,李思田,解习农.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119-133.
[18]于兴河,李胜利.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):880-896.
[19]李胜利,赵舒,付菊,等.利用鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾油田沉积微相展布与演化规律分析油田开发调整方向[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):85-94.
[20]于兴河.油气储层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):1-15.
[21]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:59-64.
[22]任安身,徐寿根.中国石油地质志(卷六)胜利油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:51-56.
[23]陶宗普,丁放,何仕斌,等.陆丰凹陷T5地震反射层特征及其油气勘探意义[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):182-190.
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