对滇藏铁路三江段工程地质问题的深化认识
|
摘要
滇藏铁路三江段东起云南省丽江城,西至西藏自治区八宿县城,是铁路建设最艰难的地段,特别是工程地质问题纷繁复杂。通过作者近几年来的工作,取得了对该区基础地质问题的一些新认识,据此从根本上来认识铁路可能存在的工程地质问题。三江地区广泛分布的地层岩性是古生界灰岩和中生界砂质泥岩,灰岩往往呈岛状被中生界砂质泥岩所围陷,以及燕山晚期岩浆岩。地震与活动断裂关系不密切,调查中未见区域性大断裂迹象。综合分析三江段存在的深层次铁路工程地质问题有:灰岩区岩溶引起的工程地质问题、碎屑岩区易溶盐析出引起的工程地质问题、坐滑体内工程地质问题、地震引起的工程地质问题、高地温区工程地质问题和劈理化带引起的工程地质问题,各类工程地质问题之间相互联系。工程地质问题严重的地段有玉龙县拉市海至香格里拉县虎跳镇街段、德钦县白马雪山段、德钦县梅里雪山段和八宿县冷曲段,对这些地段的工程地质问题应开展深入研究并采取工程对策。
The sector along the Yunnan—Tibet railway line,from Lijiang city in Yunnan province on the east and to Basu county in Tibet Autonomous region in the west is named as Sanjiang sector,where Sanjing means three rivers: Nujiang River,Lancangjiang River and Jinshajiang River.It has been confirmed that the Sanjiang sector is the most difficult sector for the railway construction.Especially there are complex engineering geological problems.On the basis of the authors' recent studies,some new understandings on the basic geology of the region are put forward in the paper.Recognitions on the possible railway engineering geological problems are fundamentallypointed out.The strata or rocks distributed extensively in Sanjiang region are Paleozoic limestone.It likes islands surrounded by Mesozoic sandy mudstone.Then the late Yanshan period magmatite was developed there.The connection between earthquake and active fault was not very close.There were no obvious regional fault signs.It is comprehensively realized that there were many deep-level railway engineering geological problems in Sanjiang sector.The problems are caused by karstification in limestone areas,by soluble salts precipitation in clastic rocks areas,by earthquake,and/or by cleavable zone.Some problems are in drop-style slide rock masses and/or,in high geothermal temperature areas.Each type of the problems are correlated.The sub-sectors with serious problems are the sector from Lashi lake in Yulong county to Hutiao town street in Sangrila county,the Baima Snow Mountain sector in Deqin county,the Meili Snow Mountain sector in Deqin county,and the Lengqu sector in Basu county.These subsectors should be deeply investigated and treated with adequate countermeasures.
The sector along the Yunnan—Tibet railway line,from Lijiang city in Yunnan province on the east and to Basu county in Tibet Autonomous region in the west is named as Sanjiang sector,where Sanjing means three rivers: Nujiang River,Lancangjiang River and Jinshajiang River.It has been confirmed that the Sanjiang sector is the most difficult sector for the railway construction.Especially there are complex engineering geological problems.On the basis of the authors' recent studies,some new understandings on the basic geology of the region are put forward in the paper.Recognitions on the possible railway engineering geological problems are fundamentallypointed out.The strata or rocks distributed extensively in Sanjiang region are Paleozoic limestone.It likes islands surrounded by Mesozoic sandy mudstone.Then the late Yanshan period magmatite was developed there.The connection between earthquake and active fault was not very close.There were no obvious regional fault signs.It is comprehensively realized that there were many deep-level railway engineering geological problems in Sanjiang sector.The problems are caused by karstification in limestone areas,by soluble salts precipitation in clastic rocks areas,by earthquake,and/or by cleavable zone.Some problems are in drop-style slide rock masses and/or,in high geothermal temperature areas.Each type of the problems are correlated.The sub-sectors with serious problems are the sector from Lashi lake in Yulong county to Hutiao town street in Sangrila county,the Baima Snow Mountain sector in Deqin county,the Meili Snow Mountain sector in Deqin county,and the Lengqu sector in Basu county.These subsectors should be deeply investigated and treated with adequate countermeasures.
引文
[1]卿三惠,黄润秋,杨英,孟文力.滇藏铁路重大工程地质问题及线路走向研究[J].铁道工程学报,2007,(10):6～11.Qing Sanhui,Huang Runqiu,Yang Ying,Meng Wenli.Research onthe major engineering geological problems and route strike schemeof Yunnan-Tibet Railway.Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2007,(10):6～11.
[2]郭长宝,雷伟志,张永双,刘景儒.滇藏铁路滇西北段主要地质灾害类型及发育规律的探讨[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(2):228～235.Guo Changbao,Lei Weizhi,Zhang Yongshuang,Liu Jingru.Maingeohazard types and their occurrence characteristics along the Yun-nan-Tibet railway in NWYunnan.Journal of Geomechanics,2006,12(2):228～235.
[3]张永双,郭长宝,石菊松,曲永新,赵希涛.玉龙雪山西麓冰碛(水)砾岩的工程地质特性研究[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):150～156.Zhang Yongshuang,Guo Changbao,Shi Jusong,Qu Yongxin,ZhaoXitao.Research on the Engineering Geological Properties of Mo-raine/Outwash Rocks on the West Side of the Yulong Mountains.Geoscience,2007,21(1):150～156.
[4]张永双,刘景儒,王科,吴树仁,郭长宝,熊探宇.三江造山带玉峰寺深埋隧道岩爆危险性综合评价[J].现代地质,2009,23(3):535～544.Zhang Yongshuang,Liu Jingru,Wang Ke,Wu Shuren,Guo Chang-bao,Xiong Tanyu.Comprehensive assessment of rock burst ofyufengsi deep-buried tunnel in three-river orogenic belt,NorthwestYunnan.Geoscience,2009,23(3):535～544.
[5]郭长宝,张永双,蒋良文,石菊松,王科,孙元帝.基于GIS的滇藏铁路丽江—香格里拉段工程地质条件分区研究[J].现代地质,2009,23(3):545～552.Guo Changbao,Zhang Yongshuang,Jiang Liangwen,Shi Jusong;Wang Ke,Sun Yuandi.Research on geo-engineering conditions ofthe Lijiang-Shangri-La Railway section of the Yunnan-Tibet Rail-way based on the GIS method.Geoscience,2009,23(3):545～552.
[6]郭长宝,张永双,曲永新,赵希涛,宁振国.滇西北小中甸盆地湖相黏土沉积特征与工程特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(1):23～27.Guo Changbao,Zhang Yongshuang,Qu Yongxin,Zhao Xitao,NingZhenguo.Sediment and engineering properties research on the Xi-aozhongdian lacustrine clay in Northwest Yunan province.Hydroge-ology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(1):23～27.
[7]明庆忠.三江并流区地貌与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,41～43.Ming Qingzhong.The landform development and environmentaleffects of Three Parallel Rivers.Beijing:Science Press,2007,41～43.
[8]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Yunnan Prov-ince.Regional Geology of Yunnan Province.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1990.
[9]中国地质调查局成都地质矿产研究所.青藏高原及邻区地质图(1:1,500,000)[M].成都:成都地图出版社,2004.Chengdu Institute of Geology&Mineral Resources,CGS.Geolog-ical Map of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau&Its Adjacent Region(1:1,500,000).Chengdu:Chengdu Cartographic PublishingHouse,2004.
[10]刘祖荫,苏有锦,秦嘉政,李中华,张俊伟.20世纪云南地震活动[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.Liu Zuyin,Su Youjin,Qin Jiazheng,Li Zhonghua,Zhang Jun-wei.The Seismic Motion in Yunnan in 20thCentury.Beijing:Seismic Press,2002.
[11]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.横断山区温泉志[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-XizangPlateau,CAS.Thermal Springs in Hengduan(Traverse)Mountains.Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[12]张加桂,唐锐敏,何宝夫,陈波.汶川地震震害特点及成因探讨[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):565～574.Zhang Jiagui,Tang Ruimin,He Baofu,Chen Bo.Probing on char-acteristics and mechanismof disasters caused by Wenchuan earth-quake.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3):565～574.
[13]赵希涛,李铁松.从登山勇士遗骸的发现看太子雪山明永冰川的运动[J].第四纪研究,1999,19(1):94～94.Zhao Xitao,Li Tiesong.The motion of mingyong glacier in PrinceSnowy Mountain revealed by the discovery of the remains ofmountaineers.Quaternary Sciences,1999,19(1):94～94.
[14]张加桂,张永双,曲永新.滇藏铁路沿线滇藏交界段劈理化带成因探讨及工程效应分析[J].地球学报,2009,30(6):885～892.Zhang Jiagui,Zhang Yongshuang,Qu Yongxin.Atentative discus-sion on the genetic mechanism of the cleavable zone along theYunnan-Tibet border sector of the Yunnan-Tibet railway lineand an analysis of its engineering effect.Acta Geoscientica Sini-ca,2009,30(6):885～892.
[2]郭长宝,雷伟志,张永双,刘景儒.滇藏铁路滇西北段主要地质灾害类型及发育规律的探讨[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(2):228～235.Guo Changbao,Lei Weizhi,Zhang Yongshuang,Liu Jingru.Maingeohazard types and their occurrence characteristics along the Yun-nan-Tibet railway in NWYunnan.Journal of Geomechanics,2006,12(2):228～235.
[3]张永双,郭长宝,石菊松,曲永新,赵希涛.玉龙雪山西麓冰碛(水)砾岩的工程地质特性研究[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):150～156.Zhang Yongshuang,Guo Changbao,Shi Jusong,Qu Yongxin,ZhaoXitao.Research on the Engineering Geological Properties of Mo-raine/Outwash Rocks on the West Side of the Yulong Mountains.Geoscience,2007,21(1):150～156.
[4]张永双,刘景儒,王科,吴树仁,郭长宝,熊探宇.三江造山带玉峰寺深埋隧道岩爆危险性综合评价[J].现代地质,2009,23(3):535～544.Zhang Yongshuang,Liu Jingru,Wang Ke,Wu Shuren,Guo Chang-bao,Xiong Tanyu.Comprehensive assessment of rock burst ofyufengsi deep-buried tunnel in three-river orogenic belt,NorthwestYunnan.Geoscience,2009,23(3):535～544.
[5]郭长宝,张永双,蒋良文,石菊松,王科,孙元帝.基于GIS的滇藏铁路丽江—香格里拉段工程地质条件分区研究[J].现代地质,2009,23(3):545～552.Guo Changbao,Zhang Yongshuang,Jiang Liangwen,Shi Jusong;Wang Ke,Sun Yuandi.Research on geo-engineering conditions ofthe Lijiang-Shangri-La Railway section of the Yunnan-Tibet Rail-way based on the GIS method.Geoscience,2009,23(3):545～552.
[6]郭长宝,张永双,曲永新,赵希涛,宁振国.滇西北小中甸盆地湖相黏土沉积特征与工程特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(1):23～27.Guo Changbao,Zhang Yongshuang,Qu Yongxin,Zhao Xitao,NingZhenguo.Sediment and engineering properties research on the Xi-aozhongdian lacustrine clay in Northwest Yunan province.Hydroge-ology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(1):23～27.
[7]明庆忠.三江并流区地貌与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,41～43.Ming Qingzhong.The landform development and environmentaleffects of Three Parallel Rivers.Beijing:Science Press,2007,41～43.
[8]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Yunnan Prov-ince.Regional Geology of Yunnan Province.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1990.
[9]中国地质调查局成都地质矿产研究所.青藏高原及邻区地质图(1:1,500,000)[M].成都:成都地图出版社,2004.Chengdu Institute of Geology&Mineral Resources,CGS.Geolog-ical Map of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau&Its Adjacent Region(1:1,500,000).Chengdu:Chengdu Cartographic PublishingHouse,2004.
[10]刘祖荫,苏有锦,秦嘉政,李中华,张俊伟.20世纪云南地震活动[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.Liu Zuyin,Su Youjin,Qin Jiazheng,Li Zhonghua,Zhang Jun-wei.The Seismic Motion in Yunnan in 20thCentury.Beijing:Seismic Press,2002.
[11]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.横断山区温泉志[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-XizangPlateau,CAS.Thermal Springs in Hengduan(Traverse)Mountains.Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[12]张加桂,唐锐敏,何宝夫,陈波.汶川地震震害特点及成因探讨[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):565～574.Zhang Jiagui,Tang Ruimin,He Baofu,Chen Bo.Probing on char-acteristics and mechanismof disasters caused by Wenchuan earth-quake.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3):565～574.
[13]赵希涛,李铁松.从登山勇士遗骸的发现看太子雪山明永冰川的运动[J].第四纪研究,1999,19(1):94～94.Zhao Xitao,Li Tiesong.The motion of mingyong glacier in PrinceSnowy Mountain revealed by the discovery of the remains ofmountaineers.Quaternary Sciences,1999,19(1):94～94.
[14]张加桂,张永双,曲永新.滇藏铁路沿线滇藏交界段劈理化带成因探讨及工程效应分析[J].地球学报,2009,30(6):885～892.Zhang Jiagui,Zhang Yongshuang,Qu Yongxin.Atentative discus-sion on the genetic mechanism of the cleavable zone along theYunnan-Tibet border sector of the Yunnan-Tibet railway lineand an analysis of its engineering effect.Acta Geoscientica Sini-ca,2009,30(6):885～892.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心