南海北缘琼东南盆地热结构与莫霍面温度
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摘要
相对于大陆地区,洋壳或海陆过渡区目前较缺乏岩石圈热结构方面的研究.本文依据琼东南盆地现有热流数据和相关岩石热物性参数,沿分布于盆地内不同位置的4条地震测线计算了不同圈层的热流分配关系(即热结构)及莫霍面温度.计算时根据最新的P-波速度变化分析将该区地壳分为四层,分别为沉积盖层、上地壳、下地壳及下地壳高速层.结果表明:琼东南盆地地幔热流由浅水区向深水区逐渐增加,是控制盆地现今海底热流分布的主要因素;其占海底热流平均比例为76.3±7.0%,具有典型的"冷壳热幔"的岩石圈热结构特征;莫霍面温度范围500～700℃,存在一个低温区和两个高温区,其整体分布与盆地基底以下地壳伸展减薄及断裂发育有关.
There have been a number of studies on lithospheric thermal structure in continent,but few in oceanic or continent-ocean transition zones.Based on submarine heat flow data and related petrological thermal properties available in Qiongdongnan Basin,we calculate the constitution of heat flow and deep temperature of different layers along four distinct seismic profiles.The crustal structure in this area is divided into four layers based on latest analysis of Pwave velocity variation,that is sediments.upper crust,normal lower crust and anomalous lower crust with high velocity,respectively.The results demonstrate that mantle heat flow increases from shallow water to deep water,which is the predominant factor in the current distribution of submarine heat flow in Qiongdongnan Basin.Besides,its contribution to submarine heat flow is 76.3±7.0% on average,suggesting a typical feature of "Cold Crust and Hot mantle" Hthospheric thermal structure.In addition,Moho temperature beneath the Qiongdongnan Basin is mostly in the 500～700℃ range with a lower temperature region and two higher temperature regions,which is primarily ascribed to the extent of the Hthospheric thinning of the northern margin and well-developed faults of the South China Sea.
There have been a number of studies on lithospheric thermal structure in continent,but few in oceanic or continent-ocean transition zones.Based on submarine heat flow data and related petrological thermal properties available in Qiongdongnan Basin,we calculate the constitution of heat flow and deep temperature of different layers along four distinct seismic profiles.The crustal structure in this area is divided into four layers based on latest analysis of Pwave velocity variation,that is sediments.upper crust,normal lower crust and anomalous lower crust with high velocity,respectively.The results demonstrate that mantle heat flow increases from shallow water to deep water,which is the predominant factor in the current distribution of submarine heat flow in Qiongdongnan Basin.Besides,its contribution to submarine heat flow is 76.3±7.0% on average,suggesting a typical feature of "Cold Crust and Hot mantle" Hthospheric thermal structure.In addition,Moho temperature beneath the Qiongdongnan Basin is mostly in the 500～700℃ range with a lower temperature region and two higher temperature regions,which is primarily ascribed to the extent of the Hthospheric thinning of the northern margin and well-developed faults of the South China Sea.
引文
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[13] Morgan P.The thermal structure and thermal evolution of the continental lithosphere.Phys.Chem.Earth,1984,15:107～193
[14] 汪集旸,汪缉安.辽河裂谷盆地地幔热流.地球物理学报,1986,29(5) :450～459 Wang J Y,Wang J A.Mantle heat flow of Liaohe rifted basin in north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica) (in Chinese),1986,29(5) :450～459
[15] Decker E R,Heasler H P,Buelow K L,et al.Significance of past and recent heat-flow and radioactivity studies in the southern Rocky Mountains region.Geological Society of America Bulletin ,1988,100(12) :1851～1885
[16] Demetrescu C,Andreescu M.On the thermal regime of some tectonic units in a continental collision environment in Romania.Tectonophysics,1994,230(3-4) :265～276
[17] Rudnick R L,McDonough W F,O' Connell R J.Thermal structure,thickness and composition of continental lithosphere.Chemical Geology ,1998,145(3-4) :395～411
[18] Lachenbruch A H.Crustal temperature and heat production:Implications of the linear heat flow relation.J.Gephys. Res.,1970,75(17) :3291～3300
[19] 张中杰,刘一峰,张素芳等.南海北部珠江口一琼东南盆地地壳速度结构与几何分层.地球物理学报,2009,52(10) :2461～2471 Zhang Z J,Liu Y F,Zhang S F,et al.Crustal P-wave velocity structure and layering beneath Zhujiangkou-Qiongdongnan basins,the northern continental margin of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(10) :2461～2471
[20] Mjelde R,Kasahara J,Shimamura H,et al.Lower crustal seismic velocity-anomalies;magmatic underplating or serpentinized peridotite? Evidence from the Voring Margin,NE Atlantic.Marine Geophysical Research ,2002,23(2) :169～183
[21] Rybach L,Buntebarth G.The variation of heat generation,density and seismic velocity with rock type in the continental lithosphere.Tectonophysics,1984,103(1-4) :335～344
[22] Pinet C,Jaupart C.The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden:geothermal implications.Geophysical Research,1987,14(3) :260～263
[23] Yang Y Q,Liu M.Crustal thickening and lateral extrusion during the Indo-Asian collision:A 3D viscous flow model.Tectonophysics,2009,465(1-4) :128～135
[24] Wang J Y.Geothermics in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,1996． 1-28
[25] 龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997 Gong Z S,Li S T,Xie T J,et al.Continental Margin Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Northern South Chins Sea (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1997
[26] 王宏斌,梁 劲,龚跃华等.基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流.现代地质,2005,19(1) :68～73 Wang H B,Liang J,Gong Y H,et al.Estimation of the heat flow in the Northern of the South China Sea based on the seismic data of gas hydrate.Geoscience,2005,19(1) :68～73
[27] 王万银.中国近海及邻区重磁数据处理汇报.西安建筑学院学术报告.2000 Wang W Y.Gravity and magnetic data processing report of Chinese offshore and adjacent areas.Xi an University of Architecture Academic Report.2000
[28] Yao B C,Hayes D E.Lithospheric deformation under the effect of an extensional stress field.Journal of the Geological Society of China,1998,41(4) :517～534
[29] 江为为,宋海斌,郝天珧.南海北部陆架西区盆地地质、地球物理场特征及其深部结构.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :1～11 Jiang W W,Song H B,Hao T Y.The characters of geology and geophysical fields and deep structure of Northwestern of South China Sea.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2001,16(3) :1～11
[30] 江为为,宋海斌,胥颐.南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场及其地壳深部结构特征.热带海洋学报,2003,22(2) :40～48 Jiang W W,Song H B,Xu Y.Characters of geophysical fields and deep crustal structures of Northwestern South China Sea and Honghe Region.Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese),2003,22(2) :40～48
[2] 李绪宣,朱光辉.琼东南盆地断裂系统及其油气输导特征.中国海上油气,2005,17(1) :1～7 Li X X,Zbu G H.The fault system and its hydrocarbon carrier significance in Qiongdongnan basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas (in Chinese),2005,17(1) :1～7
[3] 赵 民,张晓宝,吉利明等.琼东南盆地构造演化特征及其对油气藏的控制浅析.天然气地球科学,2010,21(3) :494～502 Zhao M,Zhang X B,Ji I M,et al.Characteristics of tectonic evolution in the Qiongdongnan Basin and brief discussion about its controlling on reservoirs.Natural Gas Geoscience (in Chinese),2010,21(3) :494～502
[4] Zhang J,Wang J Y.Geodynamic characteristics of tectonic extension in the northern margin of South China Sea.Science in China (Series D:Earth Sciences),2001,44(5) :437～445
[5] 张健,宋海斌.南海北部大陆架盆地热结构.地质力学学报,2001,7(3) :238～244 Zhang J,Song H B.The thermal structure of main sedimentary basins in the Northern Margin of the South China Sea.Journal of Geomechanics (in Chinese),2001,7 (3) :238-244
[6] Shi X B,Zhou D,Qiu X L,et al.Thermal and rheological structures of the Xisha Trough,South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2002,351(4) ,285～300
[7] He L J,Wang K L,Xiong L P,et al.Heat flow and thermal history of the South China Sea.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors ,2001,126(3-4) :211-220
[8] Shi X B,Qiu X L,Xia K Y,et al.Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,22(3) :265～277
[9] 饶春涛,李平鲁.珠江口盆地热流研究.中国海上油气,1991,5(6) :7～18 Rao C T,Li P L.Study of heat flow in Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore of Oil and Gas (in Chinese),1991,5(6) :7～18
[10] 袁玉松.南海北部陆缘深水区构造-热演化与烃源岩成熟度史研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2007 Yuan Y S.Tectonic thermal evolution and source rock's organic maturity history of the deepwater area in the Northern Margin of the South China Sea[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007
[11] Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Buhl P,et al.Deep penetration seismic soundings across the northern margin of the South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100 (BID:22407～22433
[12] 杜宇健,萧德云.Kriging算法在温度场计算中的应用分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(8) :11 53～1158 Du Y J,Xiao D Y.Application analysis of Kriging in the calculation of temperature field.Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics,2004,16(8) :1153～1158
[13] Morgan P.The thermal structure and thermal evolution of the continental lithosphere.Phys.Chem.Earth,1984,15:107～193
[14] 汪集旸,汪缉安.辽河裂谷盆地地幔热流.地球物理学报,1986,29(5) :450～459 Wang J Y,Wang J A.Mantle heat flow of Liaohe rifted basin in north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica) (in Chinese),1986,29(5) :450～459
[15] Decker E R,Heasler H P,Buelow K L,et al.Significance of past and recent heat-flow and radioactivity studies in the southern Rocky Mountains region.Geological Society of America Bulletin ,1988,100(12) :1851～1885
[16] Demetrescu C,Andreescu M.On the thermal regime of some tectonic units in a continental collision environment in Romania.Tectonophysics,1994,230(3-4) :265～276
[17] Rudnick R L,McDonough W F,O' Connell R J.Thermal structure,thickness and composition of continental lithosphere.Chemical Geology ,1998,145(3-4) :395～411
[18] Lachenbruch A H.Crustal temperature and heat production:Implications of the linear heat flow relation.J.Gephys. Res.,1970,75(17) :3291～3300
[19] 张中杰,刘一峰,张素芳等.南海北部珠江口一琼东南盆地地壳速度结构与几何分层.地球物理学报,2009,52(10) :2461～2471 Zhang Z J,Liu Y F,Zhang S F,et al.Crustal P-wave velocity structure and layering beneath Zhujiangkou-Qiongdongnan basins,the northern continental margin of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(10) :2461～2471
[20] Mjelde R,Kasahara J,Shimamura H,et al.Lower crustal seismic velocity-anomalies;magmatic underplating or serpentinized peridotite? Evidence from the Voring Margin,NE Atlantic.Marine Geophysical Research ,2002,23(2) :169～183
[21] Rybach L,Buntebarth G.The variation of heat generation,density and seismic velocity with rock type in the continental lithosphere.Tectonophysics,1984,103(1-4) :335～344
[22] Pinet C,Jaupart C.The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden:geothermal implications.Geophysical Research,1987,14(3) :260～263
[23] Yang Y Q,Liu M.Crustal thickening and lateral extrusion during the Indo-Asian collision:A 3D viscous flow model.Tectonophysics,2009,465(1-4) :128～135
[24] Wang J Y.Geothermics in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,1996． 1-28
[25] 龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997 Gong Z S,Li S T,Xie T J,et al.Continental Margin Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Northern South Chins Sea (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1997
[26] 王宏斌,梁 劲,龚跃华等.基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流.现代地质,2005,19(1) :68～73 Wang H B,Liang J,Gong Y H,et al.Estimation of the heat flow in the Northern of the South China Sea based on the seismic data of gas hydrate.Geoscience,2005,19(1) :68～73
[27] 王万银.中国近海及邻区重磁数据处理汇报.西安建筑学院学术报告.2000 Wang W Y.Gravity and magnetic data processing report of Chinese offshore and adjacent areas.Xi an University of Architecture Academic Report.2000
[28] Yao B C,Hayes D E.Lithospheric deformation under the effect of an extensional stress field.Journal of the Geological Society of China,1998,41(4) :517～534
[29] 江为为,宋海斌,郝天珧.南海北部陆架西区盆地地质、地球物理场特征及其深部结构.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :1～11 Jiang W W,Song H B,Hao T Y.The characters of geology and geophysical fields and deep structure of Northwestern of South China Sea.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2001,16(3) :1～11
[30] 江为为,宋海斌,胥颐.南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场及其地壳深部结构特征.热带海洋学报,2003,22(2) :40～48 Jiang W W,Song H B,Xu Y.Characters of geophysical fields and deep crustal structures of Northwestern South China Sea and Honghe Region.Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese),2003,22(2) :40～48
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