华南东部中生代构造特征及沉积盆地
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摘要
通过华南陆区与海域中生代岩相古地理与沉积分布特征之研究,认识到本区中生代构造发育历史经历了三叠纪到早侏罗世由于华北地块沿秦岭-大别造山带向西南方向挤压,和印支地块沿哀牢山-红河-莺歌海碰撞逢合带向东北方向挤压而使华南地块发生陆内挤压变形,以及东南部被动大陆边缘构造发育历史,和晚侏罗世到早白垩世伊佐奈歧(Izangi)板块(古南海板块)向华南俯冲而形成活动大陆边缘的构造发育历史,特别是在早白垩世期间,南沙地块和华南地块沿今日的洋-陆边界处发生过构造碰撞,使包括下白垩统地层在内的早先沉积发生了挤压构造变形,并向西北方向逆冲。在此构造框架下,南海北部陆缘(包括华南陆地)沉积了晚三叠世到早侏罗世海湾相深水至浅水海湾相沉积,其东南陆缘上沉积了被动大陆边缘沉积;在晚侏罗世至早白垩世期间,在火山岛弧背后(今日华南陆上及内陆架区)发育了一系列小型弧后张裂断陷盆地,盆地内接收了陆相沉积;在火山弧前的前弧盆地内沉积了深水到浅水海相沉积。由于早白垩世期间南沙地块和华南地块发生碰撞挤压,使此前之沉积发生了褶皱变形,并向西北方向逆冲,我们从穿过潮汕坳陷(中生代燕山运动时期的前弧盆地)LF35-1-1井的地震剖面上可见此特征。由此可见,华南大陆边缘在燕山运动时期(晚侏罗世到早白垩世)不是简单的安第斯型大陆边缘,而是阿尔卑斯碰撞型大陆边缘。
Through the researches on the distribution of Mesozoic sediments and it's characteristics in the South China and offshore,we realize that there occur two tectonic stages.In the first stage from Triassic to early Jurassic,the Yindosinian block collided with the South China block and pushed the later moving northeastward.At the same time,the Sino-Korean block collided with the South China block and pushed the later moving southwestward.In the second stage from the later Jurassic to early Cretaceous,the Izangi block(the ancient South China Sea block in South China Sea area) subducted under the South China block and in the early Cretaceous the Nansha block collided with the South China block along the present ocean-continent boundary,and pushed the later moving northwestward.Therefore,the sediments before Cretaceous were deformed and denuded.Under such a tectonic framework there deposited deep to shallow marine sediments of the late Triassic to early Jurassic,with passive margin sediments at the eastern margin.In the second stage,there were continental sediments deposited in back arc rifting basins,with deep to shallow marine sediments in the fore arc basins.It is observed from the seismic profile across the well LF35-1 in the Chaoshan depression(the fore arc basin in the second stage) that the early Cretaceous sediments had obducted northwestward.Therefore,the southeastern margin of the South China block had been an Alpine collision-type margin during the Yanshan movement.
Through the researches on the distribution of Mesozoic sediments and it's characteristics in the South China and offshore,we realize that there occur two tectonic stages.In the first stage from Triassic to early Jurassic,the Yindosinian block collided with the South China block and pushed the later moving northeastward.At the same time,the Sino-Korean block collided with the South China block and pushed the later moving southwestward.In the second stage from the later Jurassic to early Cretaceous,the Izangi block(the ancient South China Sea block in South China Sea area) subducted under the South China block and in the early Cretaceous the Nansha block collided with the South China block along the present ocean-continent boundary,and pushed the later moving northwestward.Therefore,the sediments before Cretaceous were deformed and denuded.Under such a tectonic framework there deposited deep to shallow marine sediments of the late Triassic to early Jurassic,with passive margin sediments at the eastern margin.In the second stage,there were continental sediments deposited in back arc rifting basins,with deep to shallow marine sediments in the fore arc basins.It is observed from the seismic profile across the well LF35-1 in the Chaoshan depression(the fore arc basin in the second stage) that the early Cretaceous sediments had obducted northwestward.Therefore,the southeastern margin of the South China block had been an Alpine collision-type margin during the Yanshan movement.
引文
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[2]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.[WAN Tianfeng.The Schema of Geotectonics in China[M].Geological Publishing House,2007.]
[3]辜学达,赵友年.论青藏高原之印支运动[J].中国区域地质,1988(2):137-145.[GU Xueda,ZHAO Younian.The Indo-Chi-nese movement in Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Regional Geolo-gy,1988(2):137-145.]
[4]刘增乾,李兴振,叶庆同,等.三江地区构造岩浆带的划分与矿产分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.[LIU Zengjian,LIXinzhen,YE Qingtong,et al.The Dividing of TectonomagmaticBelt and the Law of Minerals Distribution in Three Rivers Are-a[M].Geological Publishing House,1993.]
[5]李曙光,聂永红,郑双根,等,俯冲陆壳与上地幔的相互作用,大别山同碰撞镁铁-超镁铁岩的主要元素及痕量元素地球化学[J].中国科学,1997,27(6):488-493.[LI Shuguang,XIAYonghong,ZHENG Shuanggen,et al.The interaction betweensubducted continental crust and upper mantle.Ⅰ,The geo-chemistry of main element and trace element of Dabieshan syn-collision femic-ultrafemic rock[J].Science in China,1997,27(6):488-493.]
[6]张国伟.秦岭造山带基本构造的再认识,亚洲的增生[M].地震出版社,1993.[ZHANG Guowei.The Review on the BasicTectonics of Qingling Orogenic Belt,the Overgrowth of Asia[M].Earthquake Press,1993.]
[7]胡建,邱检生,王德滋,等.中国东南沿海与南岭内陆A型花岗岩的对比及其构造意义[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(3):404-414.[HU Jian,QIU Jiansheng,WANG Deci,et al.The con-trast of A-type granite between China offshore and inland[J].The University Geological Journal,2005,11(3):404-414.]
[8]杜畅松,王德滋,陈克荣,等,浙东南沿海中生代火山-侵入杂岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.[DU Changsong,WANG Deci,CHEN Kerong,et al.The Mesozoic Volcanic Rock-IntrusiveRock of Southeast Coast of Zhejiang Province[M].Beijing:TheGeological Publishing House,1989.]
[9]郝贻纯.中国白垩系[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.[HAO Yi-chun.The Chinese Cretaceous[M].Beijing:The GeologicalPublishing House,1986.]
[10]郭令智.西太平洋中、新生代活动大陆边缘和岛弧构造的形成及演化[J].地质学报,1983,57(1):11-12.[GUO Lingzhi.Onthe formation and evolution of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic activecontinental margin and island arc tectonics of the western Pa-cific Ocean[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1983,57(1):11-12.]
[11]Rangin C,Silver E A,Tamaki K.Closyre of Western MarginalBasins:Rupture of the Oceanic Crust and the Emplacement ofOphiolites[C]//Active Margins and Marginal Basins of West-ern Pacific Geophysical Monograph 88.The American Geo-physical Union,1995:405-417.
[12]Faure M,Marchadier Y,Rangin C.Pre-Eocene synmetamor-phic structure in the Mindore-Romblon-Palawan area,westPhilippines,and implication for the history of southeast Asia[J].Tectonics,1989,8(5):963-979.
[13]Jahn B M,P Y Chen,T P Yen.Rb-Sr ages of granitic rocks insoutheastern China and their tectonic significance[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,1976,86:763-776.
[14]姚伯初,曾维军.中美合作调研南海地质专报[M].中国地质大学出版社,1994.[YAO Bochu,ZENG Weijun.The Geolog-ical Memoir of South China Sea Surveyed Jointly by China andUSA[M].China University of Geosciences Press,1994.]
[15]姚伯初,万玲,邹和平,等,中国南海海域岩石圈三维结构及演化[C]//中国岩石圈三维结构丛书.北京:地质出版社,2006.[YAO Bochu,WAN Ling,ZOU Heping,et al.The 3-D Struc-ture and Evolution of South China Sea[C].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,2006.]
[16]李思田,路凤香,林畅松,等,中国东部及邻区中、新生代盆地演化及地球动力学背景[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.[LI Sitian,LU Fengxiang,LIN Changsong,et al.Evolu-tion of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Basins in Eastern China andTheir Geodynamic Background[M].China University of Geo-sciences Press,1997.]
[17]夏文臣,周杰.陆内软碰撞带的鉴别及伸展裂谷海盆地的聚合封闭过程[J].地质科学,1995,30(1):29-39.[[XIAWencheng,ZHOU Jie.The recognize on the soft collision in-land and the convergent-closing process of extensional riftingseas[J].Geological Science,1995,30(1):29-39.]
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