准噶尔盆地南缘构造控藏作用及大型油气藏勘探方向浅析
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摘要
新生代以来准南前陆地区发育一系列冲断褶皱带,本文对该褶皱带的生长地层识别、地震剖面构造解析和平衡剖面恢复,并结合前人磁性地层学年龄结果,对准南冲断构造进行了系统分析。结果表明,准南山前三排冲断褶皱带形成时间自天山向盆地逐渐变新,其中第一排的构造发生时间为~7Ma,第二排构造为~2Ma,第三排构造在1Ma之后。系统的沉积层序分析表明,准南地区的烃源岩、储集层、盖层和圈闭条件均与天山南缘的库车地区差别不大(除盖层非盐岩层外),但是准南地区相对较晚的构造形成时间和双层滑脱层系(下滑脱层为中侏罗统的煤层,上滑脱层为安集海河组泥岩)的发育,可能是造成准南中上成藏组合没有形成大型油气藏的主要因素。本文提出,准南地区下部成藏组合(即被下白垩统区域盖层覆盖的上侏罗统储集层系)是源于侏罗系煤系地层的大型天然气藏形成的有利目标,应在今后的勘探中给予高度关注。
A series of thrust-fold belts were formed in the southern Junggar foreland basin during the Cenozoic.This paper provides regional structural analyses of the thrust fold belts based on the growth strata,interpretation of seismic profiles,and balanced cross-sections,together with available magnetostratigraphic results.Our analyses show that three paralleled rows of anticlinal belts have been developed sequentially from the south to the north since ~7 Ma for the southern,~2 Ma for the middle,and ~1 Ma for the northern anticlinal belt,respectively.The systemic studies of the sedimentary sequences show that the source rocks,reservoirs,seal rocks,and traps between the northern and southem margins of the Tian Shan are similar and there are three petroleum systems (or plays) in the southern Junggar Basin.The reason why there has been no discovery large oil-gas field of so far in the southern Junggar may be mainly due to the very late deformation and the existence of two detachment layers,i.e.,the upper detachment layer of the Ahjihaihe Formation (E 2-3 a) and the lower detachment layer of the middle Jurassic coal beds (J 2 x).This paper proposes that the lower play,i.e.,the Upper Jurassic reservoirs sealed by the Lower Cretaceous,is favorable for forming large-scale oil-gas field and should be potential targets for future exploration.
A series of thrust-fold belts were formed in the southern Junggar foreland basin during the Cenozoic.This paper provides regional structural analyses of the thrust fold belts based on the growth strata,interpretation of seismic profiles,and balanced cross-sections,together with available magnetostratigraphic results.Our analyses show that three paralleled rows of anticlinal belts have been developed sequentially from the south to the north since ~7 Ma for the southern,~2 Ma for the middle,and ~1 Ma for the northern anticlinal belt,respectively.The systemic studies of the sedimentary sequences show that the source rocks,reservoirs,seal rocks,and traps between the northern and southem margins of the Tian Shan are similar and there are three petroleum systems (or plays) in the southern Junggar Basin.The reason why there has been no discovery large oil-gas field of so far in the southern Junggar may be mainly due to the very late deformation and the existence of two detachment layers,i.e.,the upper detachment layer of the Ahjihaihe Formation (E 2-3 a) and the lower detachment layer of the middle Jurassic coal beds (J 2 x).This paper proposes that the lower play,i.e.,the Upper Jurassic reservoirs sealed by the Lower Cretaceous,is favorable for forming large-scale oil-gas field and should be potential targets for future exploration.
引文
阿布力米提,唐勇,李臣,等.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆盆地白垩系生油的新认识[J].新疆石油地质,25(4):446-448.
陈世加,王绪龙,阿布力米提,等.2004.呼图壁气藏成藏地球化学[J].天然气工业,24(3):16-18.
戴金星,邹才能,陶士振,等.2007.中国大气田形成条件和主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,18(4):473-484.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.2000.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社:199-213.
高志勇,朱如凯,郭宏莉,等.2010.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆盆地第三系“不同段、不同排构造”储集性之差异及其控制因素[J].沉积学报,28(3):534-546.
郭召杰,邓松涛,魏国齐,等.2007.天山南北缘前陆冲断构造对比研究及其油气藏形成的构造控制因素分析[J].地学前缘,14[4]:123-131.
郭召杰,方世虎,张锐,等.2006.生长地层及其在判断天山北缘前陆冲断褶皱带形成时间上的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,27(4):475-481.
贾承造,宋岩,魏国齐,等.2005.中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集[J].地学前缘,12(3):3-13.
康玉柱.2003.准噶尔盆地天山山前油气前景展望[J].新疆地质,21(2):163-166.
孔祥星.2007.准噶尔盆地南缘西部山前褶皱带油源分析[J].石油勘探与开发,34(4):413-418.
况军,刘得光.2001.准噶尔盆地南缘与塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然气成藏条件对比[J].新疆石油地质,22(4):287-290.
李学义,李天明,姚卫江,等.2005.霍尔果斯构造油气藏成藏条件[J].新疆石油地质,26(3):242-244.
李延军,王廷栋,张艳云,等.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘天然气成因与成藏解剖[J].沉积学报,22(3):529-534.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.2000.库车再生前陆冲断带的构造成因与特征[J].石油学报,21(3):18-24.
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,等.2002.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学[J].地质科学,37(3):372-384.
汪新,王招明,谢会文,等.2010.塔里木库车坳陷新生代盐构造解析及其变形模拟[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(12):1655-1668.
魏东涛,贾东,赵应成,等.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘白垩系原油成藏特征[J].地质论评,54(3):399-408.
吴晓智,王立宏,郭建刚,等.2006.准噶尔盆地南缘油气勘探难点与对策[J].中国石油勘探,(5):1-6.
朱如凯,魏伟,张运东.1999.塔里木盆地库车坳陷新生界终端扇沉积体系与储层研究[J].沉积学报,17(增刊):752-757.
Abul imiti,Tang Yong,Li Chen,et al.2004.New understandings of Cretaceous oil generation zone in foreland basin in southern margin of Jungar[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,25(4):446-448.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Avou ac J P,Tapponniar P,Bai M,et al.1993.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tianshan and late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan[J].Journal of Geophysicel Research,98:6755-6804.
Burc hfiel B C,Brown E T,Deng Q D,et al.1999.Crustal shortening on the margins of the Tianshan,Xinjiang,China[J].International Geology Review,41:665-700.
Char reau J,Avouac J P,Chen Y,et al.2008.Miocence to present kinematics of fault-bend folding across the Huerguosi anticline,northern Tianshan(China),derived from structural,seismic,and magnetostratigraphic data[J].Geology,36(11):871-874.
Char reau J,Chen Y,Gilder S,et al.2009.Neogene uplift of the Tian Shan Mountains observed in the magnetic record of the JingouRiver section(northwest China)[J].Tectonics,28:TC2008,do10.1029/2007TC002137.
Chen Shijia,Wang Xulong,Abulimiti,et al.2004.Geochemical study of forming gas reservoir in Hutubi field in Zhunge,er basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,24(3):16-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Daёro n M,Avoua J P and Charreau J.2007.Modeling the shortening history of a fault tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation[J].J.Geophys.Res.,112:B03S13,doi:10.1029/2006JB004460.
Dai J inxing,Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,et al.2007.Formation conditions main controlling factors of large gas fields in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,18(4):473-484.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng Qidong,Feng Xianyue,Zhang Peizhen,et al.2000.Active tectonics of Tianshan[M].Beijing:Seismology Publishing House:199-213.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,et al.2010.Different segmentations and zones during Tertiary in the southern margin of Junggar basin:correlation of reservoir property and controlling factors[J].Acta Sedimantologica Sinica,28(3):534-546.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Guo Zhaojie,Deng Songtao,Wei Guoqi,et al.2007.Comparative study of the foreland thrust belts of south and north Tianshan and implications fro hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(4):123-131.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Guo Zhaojie,Fang Shihu,Zhang Rui,et al.2006.Growth strata and their application in timing deformation of foreland thrust-fold belts in the north margin of Tianshan[J].Oil&Gas Geology,27(4):475-481.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hendi x M S,Dumitru T A and Graham S A.1994.Late Oligocene-early Miocene unroofing in the Chinese Tianshan:an early effect of the India-Asia collision[J].Geology,22:487-490.
Jia C hengzao,Song Yan,Wei Guoqi,et al.2005.Geological features and petroleum accumulation in the foreland basins in central and west China[J].Earth Science Frontier,12(3):3-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kang Yuzhu.2003.The prospects suggestion on oil-gas in front of Tianshan Mountain in the southern fringe of the Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,21(2):163-166.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kong Xiangxing.2007.Oil source of foothill fault-fold structural belt in western part of the southern margin,Junggar basin[J].34(4):413-418.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kuan g Jun and Liu Deguang.2001.Comparative analysis on natural gas reservoir-formed conditions between south margin of Junggar basin and Kuche depression of Tarim basin[J].XinJiang Petroleum Geology,22(4):287-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Ch uanxin,Guo Zhaojie and Dupont-Nivet Guillaume.2010.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation across the northern foreland of the Chinese Tianshan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.009
Li C X,Dupont-Nivet G,Guo Z J.2011.Magnetostratigraphy of the Northern Tianshan foreland,Taxi He section,China[J].Basin Research,23:101-117.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00475.x
Li Xu eyi,Li Tianming,Yao Weijiang,et al.2005.Hydrocarbon accumulation model in Huoerguosi structural reservoir[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,26(3):242-244.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Ya njun,Wang Tingdong,Zhang Yanyun,et al.2004.Natural gas genesis and formation of gas pools in the south margin of Junggar basin[J].Acta Sedimantologica Sinica,22(3):529-534.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu H uafu,Chen Chuming,Liu Zhihong,et al.2000.The structural features and origin of the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(3):18-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu Huafu,Howell D G,Jia Dong,et al.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqaforeland basin,north flank of the Tarim basin,northwest China[J].International Geology Review,36:1151-1158.
Lu H,Burbank D W,Li Y,et al.2010.Late Cenozoic structural and stratigraphic evolution of the northern Chinese Tianshan foreland[J].Basin Research,22(3):249-269.
Mol nar P and Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects on a continental collision[J].Science,189:419-426.
Sun J and Zhang Z.2009.Syntectonic growth strata and implications for late Cenozoic tectonic uplift in the northern Tianshan,China[J].Tectonophysics,463:60-68.
Supp e J,Chou T and Stephen C.1992.Rate of Folding and Faulting Determined from Growth Strata[M]//McClay K R ed.,Thrust Tectonics,New York:Chapman and Hall:105-122.
Tap ponnier P and Molnar P.1979.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tianshan,Mongolia,and Baykal regions[J].J.of Geophys.Res.,84:3425-3459.
Wang Xin,Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,et al.2001.Cenozoic salt tectonics and physical models in the Kuqa depression of Tarim basin,China(in Chinese)[J].Sci Sin Terrae,40:1655-1668.
Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,et al.2002.Geometry and Kinematics of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the south Tianshan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,37(3):372-384.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei Dongtao,Jia Dong,Zhao Yingcheng,et al.2008.The formation of Cretaceous source derived oils in the sourthern Junggar basin,NW China[J].Geological Review,54(3):399-408.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu X iaozhi,Wang Lihong,Guo Jiangang,et al.2006.Difficulties and solution of oil and gas exploration in south margin of Junggar basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,(5):1-6.
Yin A,Nie S,Craig P,et al.1998.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tianshan[J].Tectonics,17:1-27.
Zhu R ukai,Wei Wei and Zhang Yundong.1999.The study on the terminal fans and reservoir quality during Neozoic era in Kuche down Warping region in Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,17(Supple):752-757.(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈世加,王绪龙,阿布力米提,等.2004.呼图壁气藏成藏地球化学[J].天然气工业,24(3):16-18.
戴金星,邹才能,陶士振,等.2007.中国大气田形成条件和主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,18(4):473-484.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.2000.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社:199-213.
高志勇,朱如凯,郭宏莉,等.2010.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆盆地第三系“不同段、不同排构造”储集性之差异及其控制因素[J].沉积学报,28(3):534-546.
郭召杰,邓松涛,魏国齐,等.2007.天山南北缘前陆冲断构造对比研究及其油气藏形成的构造控制因素分析[J].地学前缘,14[4]:123-131.
郭召杰,方世虎,张锐,等.2006.生长地层及其在判断天山北缘前陆冲断褶皱带形成时间上的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,27(4):475-481.
贾承造,宋岩,魏国齐,等.2005.中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集[J].地学前缘,12(3):3-13.
康玉柱.2003.准噶尔盆地天山山前油气前景展望[J].新疆地质,21(2):163-166.
孔祥星.2007.准噶尔盆地南缘西部山前褶皱带油源分析[J].石油勘探与开发,34(4):413-418.
况军,刘得光.2001.准噶尔盆地南缘与塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然气成藏条件对比[J].新疆石油地质,22(4):287-290.
李学义,李天明,姚卫江,等.2005.霍尔果斯构造油气藏成藏条件[J].新疆石油地质,26(3):242-244.
李延军,王廷栋,张艳云,等.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘天然气成因与成藏解剖[J].沉积学报,22(3):529-534.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.2000.库车再生前陆冲断带的构造成因与特征[J].石油学报,21(3):18-24.
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,等.2002.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学[J].地质科学,37(3):372-384.
汪新,王招明,谢会文,等.2010.塔里木库车坳陷新生代盐构造解析及其变形模拟[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(12):1655-1668.
魏东涛,贾东,赵应成,等.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘白垩系原油成藏特征[J].地质论评,54(3):399-408.
吴晓智,王立宏,郭建刚,等.2006.准噶尔盆地南缘油气勘探难点与对策[J].中国石油勘探,(5):1-6.
朱如凯,魏伟,张运东.1999.塔里木盆地库车坳陷新生界终端扇沉积体系与储层研究[J].沉积学报,17(增刊):752-757.
Abul imiti,Tang Yong,Li Chen,et al.2004.New understandings of Cretaceous oil generation zone in foreland basin in southern margin of Jungar[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,25(4):446-448.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Avou ac J P,Tapponniar P,Bai M,et al.1993.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tianshan and late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan[J].Journal of Geophysicel Research,98:6755-6804.
Burc hfiel B C,Brown E T,Deng Q D,et al.1999.Crustal shortening on the margins of the Tianshan,Xinjiang,China[J].International Geology Review,41:665-700.
Char reau J,Avouac J P,Chen Y,et al.2008.Miocence to present kinematics of fault-bend folding across the Huerguosi anticline,northern Tianshan(China),derived from structural,seismic,and magnetostratigraphic data[J].Geology,36(11):871-874.
Char reau J,Chen Y,Gilder S,et al.2009.Neogene uplift of the Tian Shan Mountains observed in the magnetic record of the JingouRiver section(northwest China)[J].Tectonics,28:TC2008,do10.1029/2007TC002137.
Chen Shijia,Wang Xulong,Abulimiti,et al.2004.Geochemical study of forming gas reservoir in Hutubi field in Zhunge,er basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,24(3):16-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Daёro n M,Avoua J P and Charreau J.2007.Modeling the shortening history of a fault tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation[J].J.Geophys.Res.,112:B03S13,doi:10.1029/2006JB004460.
Dai J inxing,Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,et al.2007.Formation conditions main controlling factors of large gas fields in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,18(4):473-484.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng Qidong,Feng Xianyue,Zhang Peizhen,et al.2000.Active tectonics of Tianshan[M].Beijing:Seismology Publishing House:199-213.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,et al.2010.Different segmentations and zones during Tertiary in the southern margin of Junggar basin:correlation of reservoir property and controlling factors[J].Acta Sedimantologica Sinica,28(3):534-546.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Guo Zhaojie,Deng Songtao,Wei Guoqi,et al.2007.Comparative study of the foreland thrust belts of south and north Tianshan and implications fro hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(4):123-131.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Guo Zhaojie,Fang Shihu,Zhang Rui,et al.2006.Growth strata and their application in timing deformation of foreland thrust-fold belts in the north margin of Tianshan[J].Oil&Gas Geology,27(4):475-481.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hendi x M S,Dumitru T A and Graham S A.1994.Late Oligocene-early Miocene unroofing in the Chinese Tianshan:an early effect of the India-Asia collision[J].Geology,22:487-490.
Jia C hengzao,Song Yan,Wei Guoqi,et al.2005.Geological features and petroleum accumulation in the foreland basins in central and west China[J].Earth Science Frontier,12(3):3-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kang Yuzhu.2003.The prospects suggestion on oil-gas in front of Tianshan Mountain in the southern fringe of the Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,21(2):163-166.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kong Xiangxing.2007.Oil source of foothill fault-fold structural belt in western part of the southern margin,Junggar basin[J].34(4):413-418.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kuan g Jun and Liu Deguang.2001.Comparative analysis on natural gas reservoir-formed conditions between south margin of Junggar basin and Kuche depression of Tarim basin[J].XinJiang Petroleum Geology,22(4):287-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Ch uanxin,Guo Zhaojie and Dupont-Nivet Guillaume.2010.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation across the northern foreland of the Chinese Tianshan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.009
Li C X,Dupont-Nivet G,Guo Z J.2011.Magnetostratigraphy of the Northern Tianshan foreland,Taxi He section,China[J].Basin Research,23:101-117.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00475.x
Li Xu eyi,Li Tianming,Yao Weijiang,et al.2005.Hydrocarbon accumulation model in Huoerguosi structural reservoir[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,26(3):242-244.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Ya njun,Wang Tingdong,Zhang Yanyun,et al.2004.Natural gas genesis and formation of gas pools in the south margin of Junggar basin[J].Acta Sedimantologica Sinica,22(3):529-534.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu H uafu,Chen Chuming,Liu Zhihong,et al.2000.The structural features and origin of the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(3):18-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu Huafu,Howell D G,Jia Dong,et al.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqaforeland basin,north flank of the Tarim basin,northwest China[J].International Geology Review,36:1151-1158.
Lu H,Burbank D W,Li Y,et al.2010.Late Cenozoic structural and stratigraphic evolution of the northern Chinese Tianshan foreland[J].Basin Research,22(3):249-269.
Mol nar P and Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects on a continental collision[J].Science,189:419-426.
Sun J and Zhang Z.2009.Syntectonic growth strata and implications for late Cenozoic tectonic uplift in the northern Tianshan,China[J].Tectonophysics,463:60-68.
Supp e J,Chou T and Stephen C.1992.Rate of Folding and Faulting Determined from Growth Strata[M]//McClay K R ed.,Thrust Tectonics,New York:Chapman and Hall:105-122.
Tap ponnier P and Molnar P.1979.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tianshan,Mongolia,and Baykal regions[J].J.of Geophys.Res.,84:3425-3459.
Wang Xin,Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,et al.2001.Cenozoic salt tectonics and physical models in the Kuqa depression of Tarim basin,China(in Chinese)[J].Sci Sin Terrae,40:1655-1668.
Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,et al.2002.Geometry and Kinematics of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the south Tianshan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,37(3):372-384.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei Dongtao,Jia Dong,Zhao Yingcheng,et al.2008.The formation of Cretaceous source derived oils in the sourthern Junggar basin,NW China[J].Geological Review,54(3):399-408.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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