叠前地震资料提高分辨率处理方法及应用
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摘要
对于隐蔽性油气藏和复杂构造油气藏,地震反射资料难以满足精度要求,需要开展地震资料提高分辨率处理.为此,使用反Q滤波、广义S变换、谱整形技术及谱白化技术等方法处理了涠西南地区叠前地震资料,并且分析了四种提高分辨率方法的应用效果.结果表明,四种方法都能提高主频、拓宽频带,其中反Q滤波的效果最好,广义S变换效果次之.反Q滤波结果中波组的低频和中高频能量分配合理,并且在中高频段反Q滤波结果的信噪比明显高于其它三种方法.此外,使用不同Q值对反Q滤波结果影响比较大.随着Q值增加,主频和带宽都稍有降低的趋势,但是信噪比提高了.当Q值大于200.0时信噪比改善的空间已经很小,这时再提高Q值,换来的只是主频降低和带宽缩小.
The precision of seismic reflection data does not fulfil to explore private and complex structure oil gas accumulations.So we need to improve the resolution of the seismic data.To achieve this,we processed the pre-stack seismic data in Weixinan using four methods of improving the resolution,namely the inverse Q filter,the generalized S transform,the spectrum anaplasty and the spectrum whitening.We compare the processing results for four methods.The results indicated that those methods can improve peak frequency and frequency bandwidth,where the result for the inverse Q filter is best and the result for the generalized S transform takes second place.Low and middle-high frequency components are reasonable in the result for the inverse Q filter,and its signal/noise ratios are obviously larger than that for other methods in middle-high frequency.Moreover,the results using various Q values indicated that the peak frequency and the frequency bandwidth are little reduced when Q value is increasing,but the signal/noise ratio is increasing.The signal/noise ratio is not obviously improved very small when Q value is larger than 200.0.Then we only gain reducing of the peak frequency and the bandwidth adding Q value again.
The precision of seismic reflection data does not fulfil to explore private and complex structure oil gas accumulations.So we need to improve the resolution of the seismic data.To achieve this,we processed the pre-stack seismic data in Weixinan using four methods of improving the resolution,namely the inverse Q filter,the generalized S transform,the spectrum anaplasty and the spectrum whitening.We compare the processing results for four methods.The results indicated that those methods can improve peak frequency and frequency bandwidth,where the result for the inverse Q filter is best and the result for the generalized S transform takes second place.Low and middle-high frequency components are reasonable in the result for the inverse Q filter,and its signal/noise ratios are obviously larger than that for other methods in middle-high frequency.Moreover,the results using various Q values indicated that the peak frequency and the frequency bandwidth are little reduced when Q value is increasing,but the signal/noise ratio is increasing.The signal/noise ratio is not obviously improved very small when Q value is larger than 200.0.Then we only gain reducing of the peak frequency and the bandwidth adding Q value again.
引文
[1]王君,杨长春,乔玉雷.用稳定高效的反Q滤波技术提高地震资料分辨率.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):456-463.Wan J,Yang C C,Qiao Y L.Improve the seismic resolutionwith a stable and efficient inverse Q filter.Progress inGeophysics,2008,23(2):456-463.
[2]余振,王彦春,何静,等.反Q滤波方法研究综述.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):309-314.Yu Z,Wang Y C,He J,et al.A review of inverse Q filtersmethods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(5):309-314.
[3]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152.Li Z C,Wang Q Z.A review of research on mechanism ofseismic attenuation and energy compensation.Progress inGeophysics,2007,22(4):1147-1152.
[4]姚振兴,高星,李维新.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法.地球物理学报,2003,46(2):229-233.Yao Z X,Gao X,Li W X.The forward Q method forcompensating attenuation and frequency dispersion used in theseismic profile of depth domain.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2003,46(2):229-233.
[5]Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q-filtering by Fouriertransform.Geophysics,1991,56(4):519-527.
[6]Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering.Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[7]Hale D.An inverse Q-filter[A].Stanford Exploration Project[C],1981,28:289-298.
[8]田钢,石战结,董世学,等.利用微测井资料补偿地震数据的高频成分.石油地球物理勘探.2005,40(5):546-549.Tian G,Shi Z J,Dong S X,et al.Using uphole survey data tocompensate high-frequency components of seismic data.OilGeophysical Prospecting,2005,40(5):546-549.
[9]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of thecomplex spectrum:the S-transform.IEEE Trans.SignalProcess 1996,44(4):998-1001.
[10]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y M,et al.Generalized S transformand seismic response analysis of thin interbeds.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2003,46(4):526-532.
[11]高静怀,满蔚仕,陈树民.广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别方法.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):869-875.Gao J H,Man W S,Chen S M.Recognition of signals fromcolored noise background in generalized S-transform domain.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):869-875.
[12]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Study on characteristics ofseismic stratigraphyized S-transform.Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):440-451.
[13]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with windowsof arbitrary and varying shape.Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[14]Pinnegar C R,Eaton D W.Application of S transform toprestack noise attenuation filtering.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B9):1-10.
[15]张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君,等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512-515.Zhang G L,Xiong X J,Rong J J,et al.Stratum absorptionand attenuation compensation based on improved generalizedS-transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):512-515.
[16]杨培杰,印兴耀,张广智.希尔伯特-黄变换地震信号时频分析与属性提取.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1585-1590.Yang P J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Seismic signal time-frequency analysis and attributes extraction based on HHT.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1585-1590.
[17]Mauricio.D S,Danilo.R V,Alberta H C.Minimum entropydeconvolution with frequency-domain constraints.Geophysics,1994,59(6):938-945.
[18]路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1517-1521.Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H.The present research onfrequency-spectrum imaging technique.Progress inGeophysics,2007,22(5):1517-1521.
[19]Li G F,Zhou H,Zhao C.Potential risks of spectrum whiteningdeconvolution--compared with well-driven deconvolution.Pet.Sci.,2009,6:146-152.
[20]陈传仁,周熙襄.小波谱白化方法提高地震资料的分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6):703-709.Chen C R,Zhou X X.Improving resolution of seismic datausing wavelet spectrum whitening.Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2000,35(6):703-709.
[21]孙成禹.地震资料的双约束频谱补偿方法.石油物探,2000,39(1):35-41.Sun C Y.Dual constraint frequency spectrum compensationof seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2000,39(1):35-41.
[22]李鳃鹏,李衍达,张学工.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿.地球物理学报,2000,43(4):542-549.Li K P,Li Y D,Zhang X G.A method to compensate earthfiltering based on wavelet packet.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2000,43(4):542-549.
[23]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Z J,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismicattenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[24]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismicattenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):892-898.
[25]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factorsestimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[2]余振,王彦春,何静,等.反Q滤波方法研究综述.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):309-314.Yu Z,Wang Y C,He J,et al.A review of inverse Q filtersmethods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(5):309-314.
[3]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152.Li Z C,Wang Q Z.A review of research on mechanism ofseismic attenuation and energy compensation.Progress inGeophysics,2007,22(4):1147-1152.
[4]姚振兴,高星,李维新.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法.地球物理学报,2003,46(2):229-233.Yao Z X,Gao X,Li W X.The forward Q method forcompensating attenuation and frequency dispersion used in theseismic profile of depth domain.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2003,46(2):229-233.
[5]Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q-filtering by Fouriertransform.Geophysics,1991,56(4):519-527.
[6]Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering.Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[7]Hale D.An inverse Q-filter[A].Stanford Exploration Project[C],1981,28:289-298.
[8]田钢,石战结,董世学,等.利用微测井资料补偿地震数据的高频成分.石油地球物理勘探.2005,40(5):546-549.Tian G,Shi Z J,Dong S X,et al.Using uphole survey data tocompensate high-frequency components of seismic data.OilGeophysical Prospecting,2005,40(5):546-549.
[9]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of thecomplex spectrum:the S-transform.IEEE Trans.SignalProcess 1996,44(4):998-1001.
[10]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y M,et al.Generalized S transformand seismic response analysis of thin interbeds.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2003,46(4):526-532.
[11]高静怀,满蔚仕,陈树民.广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别方法.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):869-875.Gao J H,Man W S,Chen S M.Recognition of signals fromcolored noise background in generalized S-transform domain.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):869-875.
[12]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Study on characteristics ofseismic stratigraphyized S-transform.Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):440-451.
[13]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with windowsof arbitrary and varying shape.Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[14]Pinnegar C R,Eaton D W.Application of S transform toprestack noise attenuation filtering.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B9):1-10.
[15]张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君,等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512-515.Zhang G L,Xiong X J,Rong J J,et al.Stratum absorptionand attenuation compensation based on improved generalizedS-transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):512-515.
[16]杨培杰,印兴耀,张广智.希尔伯特-黄变换地震信号时频分析与属性提取.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1585-1590.Yang P J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Seismic signal time-frequency analysis and attributes extraction based on HHT.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1585-1590.
[17]Mauricio.D S,Danilo.R V,Alberta H C.Minimum entropydeconvolution with frequency-domain constraints.Geophysics,1994,59(6):938-945.
[18]路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1517-1521.Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H.The present research onfrequency-spectrum imaging technique.Progress inGeophysics,2007,22(5):1517-1521.
[19]Li G F,Zhou H,Zhao C.Potential risks of spectrum whiteningdeconvolution--compared with well-driven deconvolution.Pet.Sci.,2009,6:146-152.
[20]陈传仁,周熙襄.小波谱白化方法提高地震资料的分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6):703-709.Chen C R,Zhou X X.Improving resolution of seismic datausing wavelet spectrum whitening.Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2000,35(6):703-709.
[21]孙成禹.地震资料的双约束频谱补偿方法.石油物探,2000,39(1):35-41.Sun C Y.Dual constraint frequency spectrum compensationof seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2000,39(1):35-41.
[22]李鳃鹏,李衍达,张学工.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿.地球物理学报,2000,43(4):542-549.Li K P,Li Y D,Zhang X G.A method to compensate earthfiltering based on wavelet packet.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2000,43(4):542-549.
[23]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Z J,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismicattenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[24]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismicattenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):892-898.
[25]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factorsestimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2007,50(4):1198-1209.
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