帕米尔弧东段逆冲推覆构造特征
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摘要
帕米尔弧形构造带是青藏高原碰撞挤压表现最明显的地区之一。通过构造剖面和地震剖面解释,认为帕米尔弧东段逆冲推覆构造具有分带性特点,自南西向北东方向可以划分为逆冲推覆构造的根带、中带、锋带与锋前带,相应地发育叠瓦状逆冲断层、冲断褶皱、断层相关褶皱、单斜构造等不同的构造组合。对逆冲推覆锋带中苏盖特和阿克陶生长背斜、生长地层及形成时序分别进行了研究,确定了帕米尔弧形逆冲推覆构造以前展式(背驮式)向前陆方向扩展,逆冲推覆始于上新世,并一直持续到早更新世。弧形构造东西两段逆冲推覆运动方式和地层缩短量有很大差异:西段为与挤压方向垂直的逆冲,而东段为斜冲兼顺时针走滑;西段地层缩短量大于东段。
Pamir structural arc is one of the most intensively deformed areas produced by continued compressing of Tibetan Plateau after collision between Indian and Eurasian plates.Geological investigation and interpretation for the seismic section in the eastern Pamir structural arc revealed that thrust nappe was composed of 4 zones from southwest to northeast,i.e.,root zone,middle zone,frontal zone and frontal out zone,which are characterized by imbricate thrusting,thrust fold,fault related fold and monoclinal structure,respectively.The study of growth strata of Sugaite and Aketao growth anticlines occured in the frontal zone indicated that the Pamir structural arc was characterized by piggy-back imbricated duplex.The deformation time was constrained at Pliocene to Early Pleistocene by growth strata and unconformity.The kinematical mode of thrust nappe was different between eastern and western sections.The thrusting in the west is vertical to extrusion direction,and in the east is oblique and clockwise strick-slipe.The stratum shortening in the west was much bigger than that in the east.
Pamir structural arc is one of the most intensively deformed areas produced by continued compressing of Tibetan Plateau after collision between Indian and Eurasian plates.Geological investigation and interpretation for the seismic section in the eastern Pamir structural arc revealed that thrust nappe was composed of 4 zones from southwest to northeast,i.e.,root zone,middle zone,frontal zone and frontal out zone,which are characterized by imbricate thrusting,thrust fold,fault related fold and monoclinal structure,respectively.The study of growth strata of Sugaite and Aketao growth anticlines occured in the frontal zone indicated that the Pamir structural arc was characterized by piggy-back imbricated duplex.The deformation time was constrained at Pliocene to Early Pleistocene by growth strata and unconformity.The kinematical mode of thrust nappe was different between eastern and western sections.The thrusting in the west is vertical to extrusion direction,and in the east is oblique and clockwise strick-slipe.The stratum shortening in the west was much bigger than that in the east.
引文
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[24]刘胜,邱斌,尹宏,等.西昆仑山前乌泊尔逆冲推覆带构造特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):16-19.
[25]戴俊生.构造地质学及大地构造[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:95-99.
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[27]Nigro F,Renda P.Growth pattern of underlithified strata duringthrust-related folding[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(10):1913-1930.
[28]张广良,张培震,闵伟,等.逆冲—褶皱造山过程中生长地层的识别及应用[J].地震地质,2006,28(2):299-311.
[29]李荣社,计文化,杨永成.昆仑山及邻区地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:15-32.
[30]张传林,王中刚,沈加林,等.西昆仑山阿卡孜岩体锆石SHRIMP定年及其地球化学特征[J].岩石学报,2003,19(3):523-529.
[31]Zheng Hongbo,Powell C M,An Zhisheng,et al.Pliocene upliftof the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geology,2000,28(8):715-718.
[2]李向东,王克卓.塔里木盆地西南及邻区特提斯格局和构造意义[J].新疆地质,2000,18(2):113-120.
[3]李向东,王克卓.帕米尔隆升过程中地壳的一种重要缩短机制——以齐姆根构造转换域为例[J].新疆地质,2003,21(1):9-15.
[4]钱俊锋,肖安成,杨树锋,等.南天山造山带与西昆仑(帕米尔)造山带深层岩石圈对接[J].科技通报,2009,25(2):153-166.
[5]丁道桂,罗月明.帕米尔地区碰撞构造与塔里木盆地的改造[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):57-77.
[6]丁道桂,王道轩,刘伟新,等.西昆仑造山带与盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:208-223.
[7]向奎.塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):233-240.
[8]李江海,蔡振忠,罗春树,等.塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂带南端构造转换及其新生代区域构造响应[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):24-31.
[9]曲国胜,李亦纲,李岩峰,等.塔里木盆地西南前陆构造分段及其成因[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,25(3):193-202.
[10]Abdullaev K A,Rzhevsky Y S.Lower Cretaceous Paleomag-netism of the Tadjik Basin[M].Fan:Tashkent,1973:1-106.
[11]Pozzi J,Feinberg H.Paleomagnetism in the Tajikistan:continen-tal shortening of European margin in the Pamirs during IndianEurasian collision[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1991,103(1/4):365-378.
[12]Bazhenov ML,Perroud H,Chauvin A,et al.Paleomagnetism ofCretaceous red beds from Tadzhikistan and Cenozoic deformationdue to India-Eurasia collision[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,1994,124(2):1-18.
[13]Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Rela-tively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPSmeasurements of present day crustal deformation rates[J].Na-ture,1996,384:450-453.
[14]刘刚,李述靖,赵福岳,等.阿尔金—康西瓦剪切-推覆系统和帕米尔推覆构造的遥感解析[J].地球学报,2006,27(1):31-34.
[15]Reigber C,Michel G,Galas R,et al.New space geodetic con-straints on the distribution of deformation in Central Asia[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,191(1/2):157-165.
[16]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-272.
[17]傅碧宏,林爱明,狩野谦一,等.中国西北帕米尔东北缘的活动断裂研究[J].新疆地质,2003,21(1):1-8.
[18]Arrowsmith J R,Strecker M R.Seismotectonic range-front seg-mentation and mountain-belt growth in the Pamir-Alai region,Kyrgyzstan(India-Eurasia collision zone)[J].Geological Societyof America Bulletin,1999,111(11):1665-1683.
[19]Coward M P.Thrust tectonics,thin skinned or thick skinned,and the continuation of thrusts to deep in the crust[J].Journalof Structural Geology,1983,5(2):113-123.
[20]朱志澄.逆冲推覆构造[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991:1-133.
[21]Elliott D.The energy balance and defomation mechanism of thrusttheets[J].Philosophical Transections of the Royal Society ofLondon,1976,283:289-312.
[22]宋岩,赵孟军,柳少波,等.中国前陆盆地油气富集规律[J].地质论评,2006,52(1):85-92.
[23]管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用[J].地质科学,2007,42(4):722-739.
[24]刘胜,邱斌,尹宏,等.西昆仑山前乌泊尔逆冲推覆带构造特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):16-19.
[25]戴俊生.构造地质学及大地构造[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:95-99.
[26]郭卫星,漆家福.同沉积褶皱生长地层中沉积与构造关系[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):520-524.
[27]Nigro F,Renda P.Growth pattern of underlithified strata duringthrust-related folding[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(10):1913-1930.
[28]张广良,张培震,闵伟,等.逆冲—褶皱造山过程中生长地层的识别及应用[J].地震地质,2006,28(2):299-311.
[29]李荣社,计文化,杨永成.昆仑山及邻区地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:15-32.
[30]张传林,王中刚,沈加林,等.西昆仑山阿卡孜岩体锆石SHRIMP定年及其地球化学特征[J].岩石学报,2003,19(3):523-529.
[31]Zheng Hongbo,Powell C M,An Zhisheng,et al.Pliocene upliftof the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geology,2000,28(8):715-718.
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