二维随机介质模型正演模拟及其波场分析
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摘要
本文通过弹性波方程交错网格有限差分正演,模拟了地震波在二维弹性随机介质中的传播,得到了球面波传播的单炮记录和波场快照以及平面波自激自收记录。为了考察二维弹性随机介质的波场特征,将平面波自激自收记录分成直达波区、散射波区、反射波区三个区域,并在三个区域中分别计算了能量相对值、主频、有效频带宽度三个特征量。通过研究这三个特征量与随机介质模型的自相关长度、粗糙度因子、扰动标准差等因素的关系,得到以下结论:直达波、散射波、反射波的能量相对值随随机介质模型自相关长度、粗糙度因子、扰动标准差以及震源主频的变化有明显的变化。直达波的主频和频带宽度受这些因素的影响很小;散射波的主频主要受自相关长度的影响,散射波的有效频带宽度很窄,受各因素影响也很小;反射波的主频随自相关长度、粗糙度因子、扰动标准差的变化有明显的变化,而反射波的频带宽度主要受扰动标准差的影响。
With the staggered-grid finite-difference forward modeling of wave equation,we simulate seismic wave propagation in 2-D elastic random medium,obtain seismograms and snapshots of the propagation of spherical wave,and zero offset records of plane wave.In order to study wave field characteristics in 2-D elastic random medium,we divide the records of plane wave into three different time segments:direct wave segment,scattered wave segment and reflected wave segment.And we calculate three statistical characteristic values of three different time segments:relative value of wave field energy,dominant frequency and bandwidth.By studying the relationship between the three statistical characteristic values and autocorrelation length,roughness factor and disturbance standard deviation of the random medium model,we get the following conclusions:with the changes of autocorrelation length,the relative value of wave field energy of direct wave,scattered wave and reflected wave changes significantly.The dominant frequency and bandwidth of direct wave have little effect by these factors.The dominant frequency of scattered wave is mainly affected by the autocorrelation length.However,the bandwidth of scattered wave is very narrow,and has little effect of the factors.The dominant frequency of reflected wave changes significantly versus the factors such as autocorrelation length,roughness factor and disturbance standard deviation,and the bandwidth of the reflected wave is mainly affected by the standard deviation of disturbances.
With the staggered-grid finite-difference forward modeling of wave equation,we simulate seismic wave propagation in 2-D elastic random medium,obtain seismograms and snapshots of the propagation of spherical wave,and zero offset records of plane wave.In order to study wave field characteristics in 2-D elastic random medium,we divide the records of plane wave into three different time segments:direct wave segment,scattered wave segment and reflected wave segment.And we calculate three statistical characteristic values of three different time segments:relative value of wave field energy,dominant frequency and bandwidth.By studying the relationship between the three statistical characteristic values and autocorrelation length,roughness factor and disturbance standard deviation of the random medium model,we get the following conclusions:with the changes of autocorrelation length,the relative value of wave field energy of direct wave,scattered wave and reflected wave changes significantly.The dominant frequency and bandwidth of direct wave have little effect by these factors.The dominant frequency of scattered wave is mainly affected by the autocorrelation length.However,the bandwidth of scattered wave is very narrow,and has little effect of the factors.The dominant frequency of reflected wave changes significantly versus the factors such as autocorrelation length,roughness factor and disturbance standard deviation,and the bandwidth of the reflected wave is mainly affected by the standard deviation of disturbances.
引文
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[6]奚先,姚姚.二维随机介质及波动方程正演模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):546～552Xi Xian and Yao Yao.2-D random media and wave e-quation forward modeling.OGP,2001,36(5):546～552
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[8]姚姚,奚先.随机介质模型正演模拟及其地震波场分析.石油物探,2002,41(1):31～36Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Modeling in random mediumand its seismic wavefield analysis.GPP,2002,41(1):31～36
[9]姚姚,奚先.区域多尺度随机介质模型及其波场分析.石油物探,2004,43(1):1～7Yao Yao and Xi Xian.Regionalized multi-scale ran-dom medium model and its wavefield analysis.GPP,2004,43(1):1～7
[10]奚先,姚姚.二维黏弹性随机介质中的波场特征分析.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):608～615Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The analysis of the wave fieldcharacteristics in 2-D viscoelastic random medium.Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):608～615
[11]奚先,姚姚.二维弹性随机介质中的波场特征.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):679～685Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Wave field characters of 2-D e-lastic random medium.OGP,2004,39(6):679～685
[12]奚先,姚姚.二维横向各向同性弹性随机介质中的波场特征.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):924～932Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The wave field characteristicsof 2-D transversely isotropic elastic random medium.Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):924～932
[13]奚先,姚姚.非平稳随机介质模型.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):71～75Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Non-stationary random medi-um model.OGP,2005,40(1):71～75
[14]奚先,姚姚.二维弹性随机介质中的波场特征.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):147～154Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The wave field characteristicsin 2-D elastic random media.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):147～154
[15]奚先,姚姚,顾汉明.随机溶洞介质模型及其波场模拟.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):365～369Xi Xian,Yao Yao and Gu Han-ming.Random cavitymedium model and the wave field simulation.Pro-gress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):365～369
[16]奚先,姚姚.弹性随机介质模型的特征频率.地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):681～687Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The characteristic frequency ofthe elastic random medium models.Progress in Geo-physics,2005,20(3):681～687
[17]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型波场的有效统计特征.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):109～112Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The random medium modeland valid statistical characteristics of elastic wavefield.J of Huazhong Univ of Sci&Tech(NatureScience Edition),2005,33(9):109～112
[18]奚先,姚姚,顾汉明.随机溶洞介质模型的构造.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):105～108Xi Xian,Yao Yao and Gu Han-ming.Simulations ofrandom cave medium model.J of Huazhong Univ ofSci&Tech(Nature Science Edition),2005,33(9):105～108
[19]奚先,姚姚.二维黏弹性随机介质中的波场特征.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):381～387Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Characteristics of wave field in2-D viscoelastic random medium.OGP,2004,39(4):381～387
[20]朱生旺,魏修成,曲寿利等.用随机介质模型方法描述孔洞型油气储层.地质学报,2008,82(3):420～Zhu Sheng-wang,Wei Xiu-cheng,Qu Shou-li et al.Description of the carbonate Karst reservoir with ran-dom media model.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):420～427
[21]陈可洋,刘洪林,杨微等.随机介质模型的改进方法及应用.大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):124～126Chen Ke-yang,Liu Hong-lin,Yang Wei et al.Im-provement of random medium model and its applica-tion.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development inDaqing,2008,27(5):124～126
[22]陈可洋.三维随机建模方法及其波场模拟分析.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):315～320Chen Ke-yang.3-D random modeling scheme andwave field simulation analysis.PEG,2009,32(5):315～320
[23]王金山,陈可洋,吴清岭等.随机介质模型的一种构造方法.物探与化探,2010,34(2):191～194Wang Jin-shan,Chen Ke-yang,Wu Qing-ling et al.A construction method for random medium model.Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(2):191～194
[24]Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocksto 10kilobars-Part 2.Journal of Geophysical Re-search,1961,66(7):2199～2224
[25]Birch F.Composition of the Earth's mantle.Geophysi-cal Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1961,4(S0):295～311
[26]Virieux J.P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneousmedia:Velocity-stress finite-difference method.Geo-physics,1986,51(4):889～901
[27]Berenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for the ab-sorption of electromagnetic waves.Journal of Com-putational Physics,1994,114(2):185～200
[28]王守东.声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31～34Wang Shou-dong.Absorbing boundary condition foracoustic wave equation by perfectly matched layer.OGP,2003,38(1):31～34
[29]熊章强,毛承英.声波数值模拟中改进的非分裂式PML边界条件.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):35～39Xiong Zhang-qiang,Mao Cheng-ying.Improved un-split PML boundary conditions in acoustic wave nu-merical simulation.OGP,2011,46(1):35～39
[2]Korn M.Seismic wave in random media.Journal ofApplied Geophysics,1993,29(3、4):247～269
[3]Kneib G and Kerner C.Accurate and efficient seismicmodeling in random media.Geophysics,1993,58(4):576～588
[4]Ikelle L et al.2-D random media with ellipsoidal au-tocorrelation function.Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359～1372
[5]Tobias M M and Serge A S.Green's function con-struction for 2Dand 3Delastic random media.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1797～1800
[6]奚先,姚姚.二维随机介质及波动方程正演模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):546～552Xi Xian and Yao Yao.2-D random media and wave e-quation forward modeling.OGP,2001,36(5):546～552
[7]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型的模拟与混合型随机介质.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(1):67～71Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Simulations of random mediummodel and intermixed random medium.Earth Sci-ence-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(1):67～71
[8]姚姚,奚先.随机介质模型正演模拟及其地震波场分析.石油物探,2002,41(1):31～36Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Modeling in random mediumand its seismic wavefield analysis.GPP,2002,41(1):31～36
[9]姚姚,奚先.区域多尺度随机介质模型及其波场分析.石油物探,2004,43(1):1～7Yao Yao and Xi Xian.Regionalized multi-scale ran-dom medium model and its wavefield analysis.GPP,2004,43(1):1～7
[10]奚先,姚姚.二维黏弹性随机介质中的波场特征分析.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):608～615Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The analysis of the wave fieldcharacteristics in 2-D viscoelastic random medium.Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):608～615
[11]奚先,姚姚.二维弹性随机介质中的波场特征.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):679～685Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Wave field characters of 2-D e-lastic random medium.OGP,2004,39(6):679～685
[12]奚先,姚姚.二维横向各向同性弹性随机介质中的波场特征.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):924～932Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The wave field characteristicsof 2-D transversely isotropic elastic random medium.Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):924～932
[13]奚先,姚姚.非平稳随机介质模型.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):71～75Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Non-stationary random medi-um model.OGP,2005,40(1):71～75
[14]奚先,姚姚.二维弹性随机介质中的波场特征.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):147～154Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The wave field characteristicsin 2-D elastic random media.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):147～154
[15]奚先,姚姚,顾汉明.随机溶洞介质模型及其波场模拟.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):365～369Xi Xian,Yao Yao and Gu Han-ming.Random cavitymedium model and the wave field simulation.Pro-gress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):365～369
[16]奚先,姚姚.弹性随机介质模型的特征频率.地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):681～687Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The characteristic frequency ofthe elastic random medium models.Progress in Geo-physics,2005,20(3):681～687
[17]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型波场的有效统计特征.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):109～112Xi Xian and Yao Yao.The random medium modeland valid statistical characteristics of elastic wavefield.J of Huazhong Univ of Sci&Tech(NatureScience Edition),2005,33(9):109～112
[18]奚先,姚姚,顾汉明.随机溶洞介质模型的构造.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):105～108Xi Xian,Yao Yao and Gu Han-ming.Simulations ofrandom cave medium model.J of Huazhong Univ ofSci&Tech(Nature Science Edition),2005,33(9):105～108
[19]奚先,姚姚.二维黏弹性随机介质中的波场特征.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):381～387Xi Xian and Yao Yao.Characteristics of wave field in2-D viscoelastic random medium.OGP,2004,39(4):381～387
[20]朱生旺,魏修成,曲寿利等.用随机介质模型方法描述孔洞型油气储层.地质学报,2008,82(3):420～Zhu Sheng-wang,Wei Xiu-cheng,Qu Shou-li et al.Description of the carbonate Karst reservoir with ran-dom media model.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):420～427
[21]陈可洋,刘洪林,杨微等.随机介质模型的改进方法及应用.大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):124～126Chen Ke-yang,Liu Hong-lin,Yang Wei et al.Im-provement of random medium model and its applica-tion.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development inDaqing,2008,27(5):124～126
[22]陈可洋.三维随机建模方法及其波场模拟分析.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):315～320Chen Ke-yang.3-D random modeling scheme andwave field simulation analysis.PEG,2009,32(5):315～320
[23]王金山,陈可洋,吴清岭等.随机介质模型的一种构造方法.物探与化探,2010,34(2):191～194Wang Jin-shan,Chen Ke-yang,Wu Qing-ling et al.A construction method for random medium model.Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(2):191～194
[24]Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocksto 10kilobars-Part 2.Journal of Geophysical Re-search,1961,66(7):2199～2224
[25]Birch F.Composition of the Earth's mantle.Geophysi-cal Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1961,4(S0):295～311
[26]Virieux J.P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneousmedia:Velocity-stress finite-difference method.Geo-physics,1986,51(4):889～901
[27]Berenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for the ab-sorption of electromagnetic waves.Journal of Com-putational Physics,1994,114(2):185～200
[28]王守东.声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31～34Wang Shou-dong.Absorbing boundary condition foracoustic wave equation by perfectly matched layer.OGP,2003,38(1):31～34
[29]熊章强,毛承英.声波数值模拟中改进的非分裂式PML边界条件.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):35～39Xiong Zhang-qiang,Mao Cheng-ying.Improved un-split PML boundary conditions in acoustic wave nu-merical simulation.OGP,2011,46(1):35～39
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