用四阶累积量子函数改进剩余静校正量的计算
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摘要
针对复杂山地地震勘探中常规剩余静校正方法在处理低信噪比和大时移量的转换波资料时出现的"周波跳跃"现象,引入了四阶累积量子函数进行时间延迟估计。利用常规最大能量法对包含高斯噪声的低信噪比、大时移量模型地震数据进行了试验,对比分析了应用互相关函数和四阶累积量子函数进行时间延迟估计的效果。模型试验发现,互相关函数对模型地震资料处理效果较差,得到的时间延迟出现整体漂移,构造成像出现严重的"周波跳跃"现象,与模型构造不符;而四阶累积量子函数处理效果较好,得到的时间延迟与期望输出几乎完全吻合,符合模型构造。为了进一步说明问题,对低信噪比、大时移量的转换波实际数据进行了试验,对采用上述两种函数估算的结果进行了对比分析,发现两种方法得到的叠加剖面成像效果都较好,进一步对中层和深层进行比较发现,利用互相关函数估算的结果出现了串相位现象,而利用四阶累积量子函数估算的结果更符合实际地质构造。上述试验证明了四阶累积量子函数能很好地压制高斯噪声,特殊资料(含有高斯噪声)和一般资料的应用均能取得较好的效果。
During seismic exploration in complex mountain area,"cycle jump"appears when using conventional residual statics method for processing converted wave data with low S/N and large time-lapse. In order to solve the problem,fourth-order cumulant subfunction was introduced to estimate time delay.Conventional maximum energy method was used to process seismic data with low S/N and large time-lapse including Gauss noise.The result of time delay estimation by applying cross-correlation function and fourth-order cumulant subfunction was compared and analyzed.Model testing shows that cross-correlation function processing has bad result displaying as the obtained time delay appears overall shift and structure imaging result shows serious"cycle jump",which does not coincide with model structures.However,the fourth-order cumulant subfunction processing has good results;the obtained time delay and expected output are almost the same,which coincides with model structures.Furthermore,the above two methods were applied on real converted wave data with low S/N and large timelapse, the obtained stack sections have good imaging quality.But the comparison at middle layer and deep layer indicates the result from cross-correlation function exists cross event phenomena,and the one from fourth-order cumulant subfunction is more accord with actual geologic structures.The test proves fourth-order cumulant subfunction can well suppress Gauss noise,application on conventional and special data(with Gauss noise) both can achieve good results.
During seismic exploration in complex mountain area,"cycle jump"appears when using conventional residual statics method for processing converted wave data with low S/N and large time-lapse. In order to solve the problem,fourth-order cumulant subfunction was introduced to estimate time delay.Conventional maximum energy method was used to process seismic data with low S/N and large time-lapse including Gauss noise.The result of time delay estimation by applying cross-correlation function and fourth-order cumulant subfunction was compared and analyzed.Model testing shows that cross-correlation function processing has bad result displaying as the obtained time delay appears overall shift and structure imaging result shows serious"cycle jump",which does not coincide with model structures.However,the fourth-order cumulant subfunction processing has good results;the obtained time delay and expected output are almost the same,which coincides with model structures.Furthermore,the above two methods were applied on real converted wave data with low S/N and large timelapse, the obtained stack sections have good imaging quality.But the comparison at middle layer and deep layer indicates the result from cross-correlation function exists cross event phenomena,and the one from fourth-order cumulant subfunction is more accord with actual geologic structures.The test proves fourth-order cumulant subfunction can well suppress Gauss noise,application on conventional and special data(with Gauss noise) both can achieve good results.
引文
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[12]尹成,熊晓军,张白林,等.四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12): 48-50
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[14]高少武,周兴元,蔡希玲,等.互相关特征参数分析法——一种叠前地震数据处理中有效的分析工具[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):9-15
[15]成静,李钢虎,周关林.高阶累积量计算优化的仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(8):80-83
[2]John B,DuBose Jr.Practical steps toward realizing the potential of Monte Carlo automatic statics[J]. Geophysics,1993,58(3):399-407
[3]Kirchiheimer F.Residual static by CDP-localized stack optimization[J].Geophisics Prospecting,1990, 38(6):577-606
[4]王立新.叠加速度与剩余静校正量的迭代计算[J].石油物探,2001,40(4):25-33
[5]林伯香,孙建国.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,2001,40(3):15-22
[6]陈启元,王彦春,段云卿,等.复杂山区的静校正方法探讨[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):73-81
[7]曾庆才,李琛.沙漠地区地震资料处理方法研究[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):406-409
[8]谭昌勇,王彦春,张伟宏,等.静校正方法在黄土塬地区的联合应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(3):252-257
[9]石玉梅,刘天放,谢桂生.三阶累积量法在断层检测和落差估算中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(4): 73-75
[10]熊晓军.基于高阶统计量的地震资料处理与解释方法研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2004
[11]Tugnait J K.Time delay estimation with unknown spatially correlated Gaussian noise[J].IEEE Trans-actions on Signal Processing,1993,41(2):549-558
[12]尹成,熊晓军,张白林,等.四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12): 48-50
[13]张贤达.时间序列分析——高阶统计量方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996:1-501
[14]高少武,周兴元,蔡希玲,等.互相关特征参数分析法——一种叠前地震数据处理中有效的分析工具[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):9-15
[15]成静,李钢虎,周关林.高阶累积量计算优化的仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(8):80-83
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