鄂尔多斯盆地定北地区致密砂岩储层AVO研究及应用
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摘要
AVO技术是利用振幅随炮检距(或入射角)变化的规律,求取地下地层的岩性信息.鄂尔多斯盆地是典型克拉通盆地,构造平缓(倾角不到1°),断层不发育,非常适用AVO理论假设反射层为水平层这一基本条件.根据工区的地震地质特征,在AVO分析的基础上,对用钻井地质、测井资料设计的模型进行AVO正演研究,总结了一套在现有地震分辨率条件下的鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩储层AVO响应特征,即:无论砂岩储层是否含气,其底部反射振幅随入射角增加,均会出现从强到弱一极性反转一从弱到强的现象,只是反转的角度有所差异;在梯度剖面上,含气砂岩与不含气砂岩的亮点特征差异小于较大,据此响应特征预测了有利的储集区.
The AVO technology uses the relationship between amplitude and shot-receiver distance (or incidence angle) to acquire lithology information of subsurface strata.The Ordos basin is a craton with gentle structure (dip less than 1°) and little faults, where the assumption that the reflective layer is horizontal for AVO theory id applicable.Based on geology of the work area, we have made an forward modeling of AVO on the model constructed using drill geology and logging data.We have setup a series of AVO response features of the compact sandstone reservoirs of Paleozoic in the Ordos basin under the current seismic resolution.The result shows that whether the sandstone reservoir contains gas or not, the reflective amplitude at its bottom would experience changes from strong to weak, polarity reverse, and from weak to strong with increasing incidence angle, though the reverse angles differ some what.On the gradient profile, the bright spot characters are different between the gas-bearing sandstone and the sandstone without gas.In terms of these response features, we have predicted the favorable accumulation areas.
The AVO technology uses the relationship between amplitude and shot-receiver distance (or incidence angle) to acquire lithology information of subsurface strata.The Ordos basin is a craton with gentle structure (dip less than 1°) and little faults, where the assumption that the reflective layer is horizontal for AVO theory id applicable.Based on geology of the work area, we have made an forward modeling of AVO on the model constructed using drill geology and logging data.We have setup a series of AVO response features of the compact sandstone reservoirs of Paleozoic in the Ordos basin under the current seismic resolution.The result shows that whether the sandstone reservoir contains gas or not, the reflective amplitude at its bottom would experience changes from strong to weak, polarity reverse, and from weak to strong with increasing incidence angle, though the reverse angles differ some what.On the gradient profile, the bright spot characters are different between the gas-bearing sandstone and the sandstone without gas.In terms of these response features, we have predicted the favorable accumulation areas.
引文
[1] 徐伯勋,白旭宾,于常青.地震反射振幅信息-提取、处理、分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2002． Xu b X, Bai X B, Yu C Q.Seismic reflection amplitude information-fetch, processing, analysis[J].Beijing: Geological Press, 2002．
[2] 于常青,喻国凡.低孔低渗砂岩储层的AVO研究及应用[A].中国地球物理学会第23届年会论文集[C].2007． Yu C Q, Yu G F.Low porosity and permeability reservoirs AVO research and application[A].China Geophysical Society essays on the 23rd Annual Conference[C], 2007．
[3] 于常青,武克奋,杨文霞,等.利用AVO技术进行钻前预测[A].中国地球物理学会第14届年会论文集[C],1998． Yu C Q, Wu K F, Yang W X,et al.Use AVO technologies for prediction[A].China geophysical society in 1998 in the 14th annual meeting, 1998．
[4] 吕公河,于常青,董宁.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :161～166． Lü G H, Yu C Q,Dong N.The application of poststack seismic attribute analysisin the oil and gas exploration and development[J].Progressin Geophysics, 2006,21 ( 1 ) : 161 ～ 166．
[5] 蒋鸿亮,陈湛文,陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :478～482． Jiang H L, Chen Z W, Chen X H.High Resolution research of AVO inversion technique[J].Progressin Geophysics, 2006, 21(2) :478～482．
[6] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,等.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508～514． Song J G,Wang Y X, Qiao Y L, Wang H.Advances in AVO technique[J].Progress in geophysics, 2008,23 (2) : 508～ 514．
[7] 黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.疏松砂岩气藏地震AVO属性敏感性分析与评价[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :551～557． Huang R Chen X H Li J Y.Sensitivity analysis and evaluation of AVO property in unconsolidated gas sandstone[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2) : 551～557．
[8] 苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :520～524． Yuan S J, Yu C Q.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion in anisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2006, 21 (2) :520～524．
[9] 常锁亮,杨起,刘大锰,等.煤层气储层物性预测的AVO技术对地震纵波资料品质要求的探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1236～1243.Chang S L,Yang Q, Liu D M, etal.The discussion of required P-wave quality for the AVO technology based on the CBM reservoir research[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23 (4) :1236～1243．
[10] 刘锋,李前进.鄂尔多斯盆地北部及塔巴庙天然气勘探成果及认识[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1997． Liu F, Li Q J.The North in Ordos basin and Tabamiao natural gas exploration results and awareness[J].The Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources in North China, 1997．
[11] 潘存焕,郭忠铭.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界含气砂岩体综合预测目标处理解释技术[J].天然气工业,1998,18(5) :5～9．Pan C H, Guo Z M.Paleozoic Ordos basin with free gas sands comprehensive prediction target processing and interpretation techniques[J].Natural Gas Industry, 1998, 18 (5) :5～9．
[12] 殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995． Yin B J,Zeng H,Yang Z Y.The theory and practice of AVO technique[M].The Petroleum Industry Press, 1995．
[13] 吴志强田志福,丁国栋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙工区下石盒子组砂岩储层综合预测技术[J].石油物探,2000,39(3) :26～35．Wu Z Q, Tian Z F, Ding G D, et al.Integrated prediction techniques for sand reservoirs at lower Shihezi formation of Tabamiao area in Erdos Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2000, 39(3) :26～35．
[14] 史松群,赵玉华.苏里格气田AVO技术的研究与应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6) :30～34． Shi S Q,Zhao Y H.AVO technology research and application on Sulige gas field[J].Natural Gas Industries, 2002, 22 (6) : 30～34．
[15] 朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :499～503．Zhu Z L,Zhao A G.Cracks in the media of P-wave azimuth AVO inversion studies[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2005,44 (5) : 499 ～ 503．
[16] 潘仁芳.AVO的内涵与外延[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2) :50～55． Pan R F.AVO connotation and extension.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2006, 28(2) : 50～55．
[17] 王振国,陈小宏,王学军.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2) :194～197． Wang Z G, Chen X H, Wang X J.AVO methods for examining the application for oil and gas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2007, 42 (2) : 194～197．
[18] 孟宪军,慎国强,王玉梅,等.叠前AVA地震纵横波阻抗同步反演技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):53～55． Meng X J,Shen G Q,Wang Y M,et al.Pre-stack AVA for seismic P wave and S wave impedance synchronization inversion technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2004, 43 (S1) : 53～55．
[19] Xu S Y, White R E.A physical model for shear-wave velocity predicting[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1996, 44:687～717．
[20] Castagna J P, Batzle M L, Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics, 1985, 50 (4) : 571～581．
[21] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence[J].Geophysics, 1984, 49(10) : 1637～1648．
[22] Greenberg M L, Castagna J P.Shear-wave velocity estimation in porous rocks: Theoretical formulation, prelimulation, preliminary verification and applications[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1992,40(2) : 195～209．
[23] Hampson D P, Russell B H.Simultaneous inversion of prestack seismic data[J].Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 24th SEG Expanded Abstracts , 2005, 1633～1637．
[24] Margrave G F, Stewart R R, Larsen J A.Joint PP and PS seismic inversion[J].The Leading Edge, 2001, 20(9) : 1048～1052．
[25] Contreras A, Torres-Verdin C, Fasnacht T.AVA simultaneous inversion of partially stacked seismic amplitude data for the spatial delineation of lithology and fluid units of deepwater hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics, 2006, 71(4) : E41～E48．
[26] Larsen J A.AVO inversion by simultaneous P-P and P-S inversion[D].Calgary: University of Calgary, 1999．
[27] 郑晓东.AVO正演方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(6) :766～776． Zheng X D.Forword AVO method and is application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1991, 26 (6) : 766～776．
[28] 孙树海,牛彦良.薄互层条件下AVO技术的应用[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(1) :99～106． Sun S H, Niu Y L.The application of AVO technique under the condition of thin interbed series[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 1991,34 (1) :99～106．
[2] 于常青,喻国凡.低孔低渗砂岩储层的AVO研究及应用[A].中国地球物理学会第23届年会论文集[C].2007． Yu C Q, Yu G F.Low porosity and permeability reservoirs AVO research and application[A].China Geophysical Society essays on the 23rd Annual Conference[C], 2007．
[3] 于常青,武克奋,杨文霞,等.利用AVO技术进行钻前预测[A].中国地球物理学会第14届年会论文集[C],1998． Yu C Q, Wu K F, Yang W X,et al.Use AVO technologies for prediction[A].China geophysical society in 1998 in the 14th annual meeting, 1998．
[4] 吕公河,于常青,董宁.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :161～166． Lü G H, Yu C Q,Dong N.The application of poststack seismic attribute analysisin the oil and gas exploration and development[J].Progressin Geophysics, 2006,21 ( 1 ) : 161 ～ 166．
[5] 蒋鸿亮,陈湛文,陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :478～482． Jiang H L, Chen Z W, Chen X H.High Resolution research of AVO inversion technique[J].Progressin Geophysics, 2006, 21(2) :478～482．
[6] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,等.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508～514． Song J G,Wang Y X, Qiao Y L, Wang H.Advances in AVO technique[J].Progress in geophysics, 2008,23 (2) : 508～ 514．
[7] 黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.疏松砂岩气藏地震AVO属性敏感性分析与评价[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :551～557． Huang R Chen X H Li J Y.Sensitivity analysis and evaluation of AVO property in unconsolidated gas sandstone[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2) : 551～557．
[8] 苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :520～524． Yuan S J, Yu C Q.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion in anisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2006, 21 (2) :520～524．
[9] 常锁亮,杨起,刘大锰,等.煤层气储层物性预测的AVO技术对地震纵波资料品质要求的探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1236～1243.Chang S L,Yang Q, Liu D M, etal.The discussion of required P-wave quality for the AVO technology based on the CBM reservoir research[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23 (4) :1236～1243．
[10] 刘锋,李前进.鄂尔多斯盆地北部及塔巴庙天然气勘探成果及认识[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1997． Liu F, Li Q J.The North in Ordos basin and Tabamiao natural gas exploration results and awareness[J].The Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources in North China, 1997．
[11] 潘存焕,郭忠铭.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界含气砂岩体综合预测目标处理解释技术[J].天然气工业,1998,18(5) :5～9．Pan C H, Guo Z M.Paleozoic Ordos basin with free gas sands comprehensive prediction target processing and interpretation techniques[J].Natural Gas Industry, 1998, 18 (5) :5～9．
[12] 殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995． Yin B J,Zeng H,Yang Z Y.The theory and practice of AVO technique[M].The Petroleum Industry Press, 1995．
[13] 吴志强田志福,丁国栋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙工区下石盒子组砂岩储层综合预测技术[J].石油物探,2000,39(3) :26～35．Wu Z Q, Tian Z F, Ding G D, et al.Integrated prediction techniques for sand reservoirs at lower Shihezi formation of Tabamiao area in Erdos Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2000, 39(3) :26～35．
[14] 史松群,赵玉华.苏里格气田AVO技术的研究与应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6) :30～34． Shi S Q,Zhao Y H.AVO technology research and application on Sulige gas field[J].Natural Gas Industries, 2002, 22 (6) : 30～34．
[15] 朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :499～503．Zhu Z L,Zhao A G.Cracks in the media of P-wave azimuth AVO inversion studies[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2005,44 (5) : 499 ～ 503．
[16] 潘仁芳.AVO的内涵与外延[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2) :50～55． Pan R F.AVO connotation and extension.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2006, 28(2) : 50～55．
[17] 王振国,陈小宏,王学军.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2) :194～197． Wang Z G, Chen X H, Wang X J.AVO methods for examining the application for oil and gas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2007, 42 (2) : 194～197．
[18] 孟宪军,慎国强,王玉梅,等.叠前AVA地震纵横波阻抗同步反演技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):53～55． Meng X J,Shen G Q,Wang Y M,et al.Pre-stack AVA for seismic P wave and S wave impedance synchronization inversion technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2004, 43 (S1) : 53～55．
[19] Xu S Y, White R E.A physical model for shear-wave velocity predicting[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1996, 44:687～717．
[20] Castagna J P, Batzle M L, Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics, 1985, 50 (4) : 571～581．
[21] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence[J].Geophysics, 1984, 49(10) : 1637～1648．
[22] Greenberg M L, Castagna J P.Shear-wave velocity estimation in porous rocks: Theoretical formulation, prelimulation, preliminary verification and applications[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1992,40(2) : 195～209．
[23] Hampson D P, Russell B H.Simultaneous inversion of prestack seismic data[J].Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 24th SEG Expanded Abstracts , 2005, 1633～1637．
[24] Margrave G F, Stewart R R, Larsen J A.Joint PP and PS seismic inversion[J].The Leading Edge, 2001, 20(9) : 1048～1052．
[25] Contreras A, Torres-Verdin C, Fasnacht T.AVA simultaneous inversion of partially stacked seismic amplitude data for the spatial delineation of lithology and fluid units of deepwater hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics, 2006, 71(4) : E41～E48．
[26] Larsen J A.AVO inversion by simultaneous P-P and P-S inversion[D].Calgary: University of Calgary, 1999．
[27] 郑晓东.AVO正演方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(6) :766～776． Zheng X D.Forword AVO method and is application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1991, 26 (6) : 766～776．
[28] 孙树海,牛彦良.薄互层条件下AVO技术的应用[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(1) :99～106． Sun S H, Niu Y L.The application of AVO technique under the condition of thin interbed series[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 1991,34 (1) :99～106．
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