时频～炮检距域面波衰减方法及应用
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摘要
面波以低频强能量为特征,数据处理中常用的面波衰减技术有:频率滤波、F-K滤波和速度滤波等。由于面波特殊的频散现象,使得上述方法的应用效果受到一定的影响。基于面波的特征随炮检距变化这一特点,提出一种时频~炮检距域面波衰减方法:①对单炮记录中的面波区域做Fourier变换或时频分析,了解面波频率随时间和炮检距的变化规律;②设计随炮检距变化的滤波器,并对地震数据进行处理;③采用减去法分析所去除的面波部份,迭代调整滤波器的参数;④确定最佳的随时间~炮检距变化压制面波参数,以保证在压制面波的同时,不损失反射波的低频信息。这些方法在点接收的高密度数据处理中经过应用,已达到了预期的效果。
Ground roll is a kind of strong noises in seismic data.Some methods are applied to attenuate ground roll such as frequency filter,F-K filtering,velocity filtering and so on,which have limitations because of the frequency dispersion of ground roll.A new method is proposed based on the ground roll's features that change with offsets,which includes(1) understanding the characteristics of ground roll with offsets by decomposing the zone data contained ground roll using Fourier or time-frequency analysis;(2)designing filters with different offsets and apply them to data;(3) Analyzing the removed noises by subtract them from raw data and research the filter parameters;(4) determining the optimal parameters in time-frequency and offset domain to ensure that we attenuate noise and preserve the low frequency signals.Good results are obtained when applying the method to high density seismic data.
Ground roll is a kind of strong noises in seismic data.Some methods are applied to attenuate ground roll such as frequency filter,F-K filtering,velocity filtering and so on,which have limitations because of the frequency dispersion of ground roll.A new method is proposed based on the ground roll's features that change with offsets,which includes(1) understanding the characteristics of ground roll with offsets by decomposing the zone data contained ground roll using Fourier or time-frequency analysis;(2)designing filters with different offsets and apply them to data;(3) Analyzing the removed noises by subtract them from raw data and research the filter parameters;(4) determining the optimal parameters in time-frequency and offset domain to ensure that we attenuate noise and preserve the low frequency signals.Good results are obtained when applying the method to high density seismic data.
引文
[1]NIGEL A,ANSTEY.Whatever happened to ground roll[J].The Leading Edge,2003,(3):40.
[2]CHOON B PARK,RICHARD D MILLER,JIANGHAIXIA.Multichannel analysis of surface waves[J].Geo-physics,1999,64(3):800.
[3]SAATCILAR R,NEZIHI CANITEZ N.A method ofground roll elimination[J].Geophysics,1988,57(3):894.
[4]李卫忠,张明振,王成礼,等.压制面波的波场分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,35(5):679.
[5]蔡希玲.声波和强能量干扰的分配自适应检测与压制方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(4):373.
[6]王在民,李莉,朱鹏飞,等.用平均能量法分频识别和压制面波[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):653.
[7]单娜琳,程志平,刘云桢.工程地震勘探[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.
[8]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2007.
[9]蔡希玲,贺振华,黄德济.异常噪声对叠前多道处理的影响[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):84.
[2]CHOON B PARK,RICHARD D MILLER,JIANGHAIXIA.Multichannel analysis of surface waves[J].Geo-physics,1999,64(3):800.
[3]SAATCILAR R,NEZIHI CANITEZ N.A method ofground roll elimination[J].Geophysics,1988,57(3):894.
[4]李卫忠,张明振,王成礼,等.压制面波的波场分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,35(5):679.
[5]蔡希玲.声波和强能量干扰的分配自适应检测与压制方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(4):373.
[6]王在民,李莉,朱鹏飞,等.用平均能量法分频识别和压制面波[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):653.
[7]单娜琳,程志平,刘云桢.工程地震勘探[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.
[8]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2007.
[9]蔡希玲,贺振华,黄德济.异常噪声对叠前多道处理的影响[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):84.
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