基于EMD和近似熵的储层预测
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摘要
通常情况下,不同地层特征对应的地震波复杂程度是有差异的。近似熵是一种反映信号复杂程度的特征量,对储层特征有一定反映。但由于地震波是有一定带宽的信号,波形受带宽内所有频率成分的影响,如果直接进行近似熵的计算,其结果往往不能很好地反映储层特征。鉴于这种情况,提出了经验模态分解法(EMD)与近似熵相结合的方法,利用EMD分解后的每一个地震波的本征模函数(IMF)分量进行近似熵计算,并与已知井对比分析后,选取对储层特征识别有效的IMF分量进行储层预测。利用该方法对HZ地区珠江组进行了试算,效果较好。
In general,complexities of seismic waveforms corresponding to different strata characters are different.Approximate entropy is an index of signal complexities,which can reflect the characters of reservoir to a certain extent.However,seismic wave is a signal with definite bandwidth and its waveform is affected by all frequency components in the band.So the result would not reflect the characters of reservoir if calculating the approximate entropy directly.Here we use an advanced method integrating Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) and approximate entropy,which includes calculating the approximate entropy of every Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMF) of seismic wave decomposed by EMD,and choosing the effective IMF by comparing with the known well to predict the characters of reservoir.The method is effective in Zhujiang Formation of HZ area.
In general,complexities of seismic waveforms corresponding to different strata characters are different.Approximate entropy is an index of signal complexities,which can reflect the characters of reservoir to a certain extent.However,seismic wave is a signal with definite bandwidth and its waveform is affected by all frequency components in the band.So the result would not reflect the characters of reservoir if calculating the approximate entropy directly.Here we use an advanced method integrating Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) and approximate entropy,which includes calculating the approximate entropy of every Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMF) of seismic wave decomposed by EMD,and choosing the effective IMF by comparing with the known well to predict the characters of reservoir.The method is effective in Zhujiang Formation of HZ area.
引文
[1]Deng Chuanwei.Using waveform to create seismic facies[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5):539-542.[邓传伟.利用波形建立地震相[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):539-542.]
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[4]Wen Xiaotao,He Zhenhua,Huang Deji.Reservoir detectionbased on EMD and correlation dimension[J].Applied Geophys-ics,2009,16(1):70-76.
[5]Wang Qiguang,Zhang Zengping.The research of detecting abruptclimate change with approximate entropy[J].Acta Physica Sini-ca,2008,57(3):1976-1982.[王启光,张增平.近似熵检测气候突变的研究[J].物理学报,2008,57(3):1976-1982.]
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[7]Yang Shixi,Hu Jingsong,Wu Zhaotong.The comparison of vibra-tion signals′time-frequency analysis between EMD-based HT andWTmethod in rotating machinery[J].Proceedings of the ChineseSociety for Electrical Engineering,2003,23(6):102-107.[杨世锡,胡劲松,吴昭同.旋转机械振动信号基于EMD的希尔伯特变换和小波变换时频分析比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):102-107.]
[8]Lin Ruilin,Zhou Ping.Fault diagnosis of valve train based onEMD and neural network[J].Journal of Naval University of Engi-neering,2008,20(2):48-60.[林瑞霖,周平.基于EMD和神经网络的气阀机构故障诊断研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2008,20(2):48-60.]
[9]Hu Qiao,Hao Baoan,Lv Lin.Target detection method of under-water acoustic signals based on energy entropy of empirical modedecomposition[J].Torpedo Technology,2007,15(6):9-12.[胡桥,郝保安,吕林.一种新的水声目标EMD能量熵检测方法[J].鱼雷技术,2007,15(6):9-12.]
[10]Liu Fengtao,He Guoguang.Complexity measure of traffic flowbased on approximate entropy and statistical complexity[J].ChinaJournal of Highway and Transport,2007,20(4):108-112.[刘峰涛,贺国光.基于近似熵和统计复杂度的交通流复杂性测度[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(4):108-112.]
[11]Teng Tuanyu,Cui Haifeng,Zhang Nianchun.Prediction of frac-tured carbonate reservoirs using seismic data-An example of Ya-ha area in Tarim oilfield[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(2):269-272.[腾团余,崔海峰,张年春,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝储层地震预测技术———以牙哈地区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):269-272.]
[12]Chen Xinjun,Wang Lijun,Ji Dongming.Using seismic reversetechnique predict reservoir in Wen-243 hole area,Dongpu sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(5):422-424.[陈新军,汪立君,季东明.利用地震反演技术预测东濮凹陷文243井区储层[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):422-424.]
[13]Fan Changjiang,Wang Xian,Deng Hongwen.The solutions of res-ervoir characterization in seismic inversion[J].Natural Gas Geo-science,2006,17(4):543-546.[樊长江,王贤,邓宏文,等.地震反演中储层表征的对策和思想[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):543-546.]
[2]Qian Yongxian,Xu Yong.Fractal dimension and entropy of seis-mic data in oil/gas detection[J].Journal of Jianghan PetroleumInstitute,1994,16(supplement):63-66.[钱勇先,许勇.地震资料油气检测中的关联维和熵[J].江汉石油院学报,1994,16(增刊):63-66.]
[3]Zeng Jinguang.Fractal method in the prediction of oil and gas u-sing geophysical data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysicaland Geochemical Exploration,1994,16(4):345-352.[曾锦光.地球物理资料预测油气的分形方法[J].物探化探计算技术,1994,16(4):345-352.]
[4]Wen Xiaotao,He Zhenhua,Huang Deji.Reservoir detectionbased on EMD and correlation dimension[J].Applied Geophys-ics,2009,16(1):70-76.
[5]Wang Qiguang,Zhang Zengping.The research of detecting abruptclimate change with approximate entropy[J].Acta Physica Sini-ca,2008,57(3):1976-1982.[王启光,张增平.近似熵检测气候突变的研究[J].物理学报,2008,57(3):1976-1982.]
[6]Norden E H.The empirical mode decomposition and the hilbertspectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analyses[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1998,454:903-995.
[7]Yang Shixi,Hu Jingsong,Wu Zhaotong.The comparison of vibra-tion signals′time-frequency analysis between EMD-based HT andWTmethod in rotating machinery[J].Proceedings of the ChineseSociety for Electrical Engineering,2003,23(6):102-107.[杨世锡,胡劲松,吴昭同.旋转机械振动信号基于EMD的希尔伯特变换和小波变换时频分析比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):102-107.]
[8]Lin Ruilin,Zhou Ping.Fault diagnosis of valve train based onEMD and neural network[J].Journal of Naval University of Engi-neering,2008,20(2):48-60.[林瑞霖,周平.基于EMD和神经网络的气阀机构故障诊断研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2008,20(2):48-60.]
[9]Hu Qiao,Hao Baoan,Lv Lin.Target detection method of under-water acoustic signals based on energy entropy of empirical modedecomposition[J].Torpedo Technology,2007,15(6):9-12.[胡桥,郝保安,吕林.一种新的水声目标EMD能量熵检测方法[J].鱼雷技术,2007,15(6):9-12.]
[10]Liu Fengtao,He Guoguang.Complexity measure of traffic flowbased on approximate entropy and statistical complexity[J].ChinaJournal of Highway and Transport,2007,20(4):108-112.[刘峰涛,贺国光.基于近似熵和统计复杂度的交通流复杂性测度[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(4):108-112.]
[11]Teng Tuanyu,Cui Haifeng,Zhang Nianchun.Prediction of frac-tured carbonate reservoirs using seismic data-An example of Ya-ha area in Tarim oilfield[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(2):269-272.[腾团余,崔海峰,张年春,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝储层地震预测技术———以牙哈地区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):269-272.]
[12]Chen Xinjun,Wang Lijun,Ji Dongming.Using seismic reversetechnique predict reservoir in Wen-243 hole area,Dongpu sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(5):422-424.[陈新军,汪立君,季东明.利用地震反演技术预测东濮凹陷文243井区储层[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):422-424.]
[13]Fan Changjiang,Wang Xian,Deng Hongwen.The solutions of res-ervoir characterization in seismic inversion[J].Natural Gas Geo-science,2006,17(4):543-546.[樊长江,王贤,邓宏文,等.地震反演中储层表征的对策和思想[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):543-546.]
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