川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析
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摘要
川东北复杂山地由于地表高程变化大、风化层厚度不均匀、低降速带速度横向变化大、高速层底界不稳定等因素,得到的地震资料具有严重的静校正问题,因此,如何解决山地静校正问题是后续地震资料处理的关键之一,本文首先分析高程静校正、折射静校正、层析静校正的基本原理和适用条件,结合实际复杂山地三维地震资料的特点,进行试验对比,提出了进行山地静校正的基本思路,即:首先进行高程静校正,这样可以利用高程静校正更容易拾取初至时间,然后利用折射静校正结合微测井等资料建立近地表速度-深度模型,以此速度-深度模型作为层析静校正的初始模型进行迭代处理,最后得到最终的近地表速度-深度模型和静校正值.根据以上处理流程,我们建立了适合于川东北山地三维复杂地表地震资料的静校处理正方法,并在实际生产过程中取得了良好的效果.
Because of sharp variations in elevation,weathering layer thickness and the near-surface velocity in CDB hilly areas,seismic imaging always suffers from great statics problems.We first analyze the theories and conditions of some typical solutions,such as the elevation static correction,refraction static correction,and tomography static correction.Comparing different results of CDB data,a new flow of static correction in mountain areas is proposed.As the first step,elevation statics correction is applied;and the first-breaks on the elevation-corrected shots are picked interactively.The original velocity-depth model for tomography is established by means of refraction static correction. The optimum velocity-depth model and static correction are achieved sucessfully.
Because of sharp variations in elevation,weathering layer thickness and the near-surface velocity in CDB hilly areas,seismic imaging always suffers from great statics problems.We first analyze the theories and conditions of some typical solutions,such as the elevation static correction,refraction static correction,and tomography static correction.Comparing different results of CDB data,a new flow of static correction in mountain areas is proposed.As the first step,elevation statics correction is applied;and the first-breaks on the elevation-corrected shots are picked interactively.The original velocity-depth model for tomography is established by means of refraction static correction. The optimum velocity-depth model and static correction are achieved sucessfully.
引文
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[17] 韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,秦宏国.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :475～483． Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,Qin H G..Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :475～483．
[18] 冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,等.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,44(3) :284～287． Feng Z Y,Li P M,Tang H Z,et al.Solving the static correction problem in mountain complex block using tomographic inversion.[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2005,44(3) : 284～287．
[19] 林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.复杂地表条件的静校正3D表层速度层析反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :454～457． Lin B X,Sun J M,Xu Y,3-D tomographic imaging of nearsurface velocity for complex near surface statics calculation.[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2005,44(5) : 454～457．
[20] 陈世军,张建中.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :34～39． Chen S J,Zhang J Z.The application of seismic first arrival ray tracing tomography static in the complicated near surface area.[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2006,45(1) : 34～39．
[21] 何光明,贺振华,黄德济,等.非线性层析静校正在川西地区资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :88～92． HeG M,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.The application of nonlinear tomography statics in Chuanxi data processing[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2006,45(1) : 88～92．
[22] 林伯香,肖万富,李博.层析静校正在黄土塬弯宽线资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :417～420． Lin B X,Xiao W F,Li B.Application of tomostatics in data processing from crooked wide line geometry in Loess Tableland [J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2007,46(4) : 417～420．
[2] 渥.伊尔马滋著,黄绪德,袁明德等译.《地震数据处理》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993． Yilmaz O,Huang X D,Yuan M D,et al.Seismic Data Processing[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,1993．
[3] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993 Lu J M.The Theory of Seismic Exploration[M].Dongying:China Petroleum University Press,1993．
[4] Taner M.A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics [J].Geophysics,1998,63: 1． 260～274．
[5] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,朱铉,等.若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山 带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :743～749． Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S,Zhu X,et al.Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3) : 743～749．
[6] 王增明,刘超敏,刘斌,等.董1井区静校正方法研究与应用[J].石油物探,2005,44(4) :379～382． Wang Z M,Liu C M,Liu B,et al.Methodology research and application of seismic static data in Dong1 well area [J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2005,44(4) : 379～382．
[7] 林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4) :367～372． Lin B X,Sun J M,Xu Y,et al.Static correction approaches being frequently applied [J].Geophysical Processingfor Petroleum,2006,45(4) : 367～372．
[8] Colin A Z,etal.3D seismic refractiion traveltime tomography at a groundwater contamination site[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5) : 1167～1178．
[9] Docherty P.Soving for the thickness and velocity of the weathering layer using 2-D refraction tomography [J].Geophysics,1992,57: 1307～1318．
[10] Dong-Joo Min,et al.Refraction tomography using a waveform-inversion back-propagation technique [J].Geophysics,2006,71(3) : R21～R30．
[11] Hampson D,et al.First break interpretation using generalized linear inversion [J].J.Can.Soc.Expl.Geophys,1984a,20(1) : 40～54．
[12] Lanz E,et al.Refraction tomography over a buried waste disposalsite[J].Geophysics,1998,63(4) : 1414～1433．
[13] Ryzhikov.3-D nonlinear inversion by entropy of image contrast optimization[J].Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics,1995,2 :228～240．
[14] Xu C,et al.3-D tomographic static correction [J].Geophysics,2002,67(4) : 1275～1285．
[15] Zhu X,etal.Tomostatics:Turning-ray tomography + static corrections[J].The Leading Edge,1992,11 : 15～23．
[16] 井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法 [J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1460～1466． Jing X L,Yang C C.A dual scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5) : 1460～1466．
[17] 韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,秦宏国.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :475～483． Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,Qin H G..Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :475～483．
[18] 冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,等.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,44(3) :284～287． Feng Z Y,Li P M,Tang H Z,et al.Solving the static correction problem in mountain complex block using tomographic inversion.[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2005,44(3) : 284～287．
[19] 林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.复杂地表条件的静校正3D表层速度层析反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :454～457． Lin B X,Sun J M,Xu Y,3-D tomographic imaging of nearsurface velocity for complex near surface statics calculation.[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2005,44(5) : 454～457．
[20] 陈世军,张建中.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :34～39． Chen S J,Zhang J Z.The application of seismic first arrival ray tracing tomography static in the complicated near surface area.[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2006,45(1) : 34～39．
[21] 何光明,贺振华,黄德济,等.非线性层析静校正在川西地区资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :88～92． HeG M,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.The application of nonlinear tomography statics in Chuanxi data processing[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2006,45(1) : 88～92．
[22] 林伯香,肖万富,李博.层析静校正在黄土塬弯宽线资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :417～420． Lin B X,Xiao W F,Li B.Application of tomostatics in data processing from crooked wide line geometry in Loess Tableland [J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2007,46(4) : 417～420．
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