基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿
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摘要
受地下复杂构造和地震数据采集系统的影响,地震波对地下目标的照明出现不均匀,在地震数据的偏移成像中出现成像阴影.根据地震数据最小二乘偏移/反演理论,和把地震波场照明结果作为最小二乘偏移/反演中的Hessian矩阵的近似对偏移成像进行补偿的原理,提出一种应用平面波照明结果对平面波偏移成像结果进行补偿以消除偏移成像阴影的方法.这种基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿方法相对于局部角度域的照明偏移成像补偿方法具有计算效率上的优势.
Due to the effects of complicated subsurface structures and seismic acquisition system limitations, the seismic wave illumination to some subsurface targets may be inhomogenous, hence the migrated image on these targets will show some migration shadows.Based on the leastsquare migration/inversion theory of seismic data, and employing the illumination result of seismic wavefield as the approximation of the Hessian matrix in the least-square migration/ inversion for the compensation to the migration imaging, an illumination compensation method for wave equation migration shadow is proposed by applying the plane wave illumination to the plane wave migration.This plane wave migration compensation method has the advantage of computational efficiency over the migration compensation method in the local angle domain of image space.
Due to the effects of complicated subsurface structures and seismic acquisition system limitations, the seismic wave illumination to some subsurface targets may be inhomogenous, hence the migrated image on these targets will show some migration shadows.Based on the leastsquare migration/inversion theory of seismic data, and employing the illumination result of seismic wavefield as the approximation of the Hessian matrix in the least-square migration/ inversion for the compensation to the migration imaging, an illumination compensation method for wave equation migration shadow is proposed by applying the plane wave illumination to the plane wave migration.This plane wave migration compensation method has the advantage of computational efficiency over the migration compensation method in the local angle domain of image space.
引文
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[19] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前数据的平面波深度偏移方法.地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :1176～1185 Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.A plane wave depth migration method for pre-stack seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6) :1176～1185
[20] Wu R S,Chen L.Mapping directional illumination and acquisition-Aperture efficacy by beamlet propagators.Tulsa,SEG,72~(nd)Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2002． 1352～1355
[21] 陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5) :681～684 Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.Two-way subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation.Journal of Tongji University :Natural Science(in Chinese),2007,35(5) :681～684
[2] Gray S,Etgen J,Dellinger J,et al.Seismic migration problems and solutions.Geophysics,2001,66(5) :1622～1640
[3] Chen S,Wu R S.Estimating the effects of number of shots and propagator apertures to prestack depth migration through the mapping of acquisition dip-response(ADR).73~(rd)Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2003
[4] Jin S,Walraven D.Wave equation GSP prestack depth migration and illumination.The Leading Edge,2003,22:606～660
[5] 董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化.石油物探,2006,45(1) :40～47 Dong L G,Wu X F,Tang H Z,et al.Seismic wave illumination for overthrust nappe structures and optimal seismic survey design.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(1) :40～47
[6] Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.Optimum seismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geophysics,1992,57(4) :1334～1345
[7] Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L,Volker A W F,et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams Part I:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,2001,66:911～917
[8] Rickett J.Illumination-based normalization for wave-equation depth migration.Geophysics,2003,68 :1371～1379
[9] 陈生昌,马在田,wu Ru-Shan.波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿.地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :844～850 Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.Illumination compensation for wave equation migration shadow.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3) :844～850
[10] Wu R S,Chen S,Luo M.Amplitude corrections in angledomain using beamlet decomposition for wave-equation based migration.66~(th)Annual Conference,European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers,2004
[11] Wu R,Luo M,Chen S,et al.Acquisition aperture correction in angle-domain and true-amplitude imaging for wave equation migration.74~(th)Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2004
[12] Tarantola A.Inverse Problem Theory.Elsevier Science Publ.Co.,Inc.,1987
[13] Beylkin G.Imaging of discontinuities in the inverse scattering problem by the inversion of a causal Radon transform.J.Math.Phys.,1985,26:99～108
[14] Bleistein N.On the imaging of reflectors in the earth.Geophysics,1987,52:931～942
[15] 刘伊克,常旭,卢孟复等.目标函数叠前保幅偏移方法与应 用.地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1150～1154 Liu Y K,Chang X,Lu M F,et al.Objective function prestack amplitude preserving migration and its application.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1150～1154
[16] 王彦飞,杨长春,段秋梁.地震偏移反演成像的迭代正则化方法研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1615～1624 Wang Y F,Yang C C,Duan Q L.On iterative regularization methods for migration deconvolution and inversion in seismic imaging.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6) :1615～1624
[17] 王彦飞.反演问题的计算方法及其应用.北京:高等教育出版社,2007 Wang Y F.Computational Methods for Inverse Problems and Their Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007
[18] 陈树民,刘洪,李幼铭.适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :58～67 Chen S M,Liu H,Li Y M.The area shot method for land 3D seismic acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3) :58～67
[19] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前数据的平面波深度偏移方法.地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :1176～1185 Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.A plane wave depth migration method for pre-stack seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6) :1176～1185
[20] Wu R S,Chen L.Mapping directional illumination and acquisition-Aperture efficacy by beamlet propagators.Tulsa,SEG,72~(nd)Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2002． 1352～1355
[21] 陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5) :681～684 Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.Two-way subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation.Journal of Tongji University :Natural Science(in Chinese),2007,35(5) :681～684
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