识别地下水超采区井水位异常性质的理论与方法
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摘要
长期过量开采地下水,使地下水位持续下降、水质发生变化,动水位观测井断流;地面沉降造成井管上窜,观测管路系统被损坏等,这些现象对地震地下流体观测地震前兆异常的正确判断带来很大困难。应用水文地质理论与方法,分析含水层的水均衡状态、应力-应变状态及其与水位动态的关系,初步探讨了超采区井水位异常性质的理论与方法。结果表明,根据井孔所在区水位下降漏斗的扩散特征,结合以上所提到的理论和方法,依据资料多年变化特征,可以较准确地判断异常的性质。研究结果有助于区分单一集中抽水与长期地下水超采对水位观测的影响,有助于正确识别超采区水位前兆异常,有助于地震分析预报水平的提高。
In the many years practice of earthquake analysis and prediction,it has been noticed that the overexploitation of underground water would cause changes in environmental geology,thus having obvious impact on the water level regime.The overexploitation of underground water would lead to continuous drop of groundwater level,change of water quality and dry-up in dynamic water level observation wells.Due to land subsidence,the well pipes would uplift and the observation piping systems would be damaged.These environmental geology problems bring a great deal of difficulties to earthquake anomalies identification from groundwater level.Although a lot of studies have been made on the influence of water pumping on well water level,the results were mainly on the influence of massive water pumping in a short time on the water level of the nearby wells.Since the time of pumping water is short,the hydrogeological environment of aquifer is relatively stable.The characteristic of water level change in groundwater overdraft area is different from the influence of massive short-time water pumping on water level of the nearby wells.Since the water level in the overexploiting area declines year by year,it makes the aquifer dense and consolidated,so consequently,the hydrogeological environment has changed.Basing on the hydrogeological theories and methods,the paper analyzes the relations of hydraulic equilibrium state of water-bearing stratum with the stress-strain condition and the water level regime,then discusses preliminarily the theory and practices of identifying the well water level anomalies in the groundwater overdraft area.The result shows that we can accurately judge the nature of the anomaly according to the diffusion character of water level declining funnel in the well area,the aforementioned theory and method and the multi-years variation pattern obtained from existing data.The results of the research are helpful to the discrimination of influence of the individually centralized water pumping from long-term overexploiting of water on the water level,the correct recognition of water level anomalies in the groundwater overdraft area and the improvement of earthquake prediction level.
In the many years practice of earthquake analysis and prediction,it has been noticed that the overexploitation of underground water would cause changes in environmental geology,thus having obvious impact on the water level regime.The overexploitation of underground water would lead to continuous drop of groundwater level,change of water quality and dry-up in dynamic water level observation wells.Due to land subsidence,the well pipes would uplift and the observation piping systems would be damaged.These environmental geology problems bring a great deal of difficulties to earthquake anomalies identification from groundwater level.Although a lot of studies have been made on the influence of water pumping on well water level,the results were mainly on the influence of massive water pumping in a short time on the water level of the nearby wells.Since the time of pumping water is short,the hydrogeological environment of aquifer is relatively stable.The characteristic of water level change in groundwater overdraft area is different from the influence of massive short-time water pumping on water level of the nearby wells.Since the water level in the overexploiting area declines year by year,it makes the aquifer dense and consolidated,so consequently,the hydrogeological environment has changed.Basing on the hydrogeological theories and methods,the paper analyzes the relations of hydraulic equilibrium state of water-bearing stratum with the stress-strain condition and the water level regime,then discusses preliminarily the theory and practices of identifying the well water level anomalies in the groundwater overdraft area.The result shows that we can accurately judge the nature of the anomaly according to the diffusion character of water level declining funnel in the well area,the aforementioned theory and method and the multi-years variation pattern obtained from existing data.The results of the research are helpful to the discrimination of influence of the individually centralized water pumping from long-term overexploiting of water on the water level,the correct recognition of water level anomalies in the groundwater overdraft area and the improvement of earthquake prediction level.
引文
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车用太,王吉易,李一兵,等.2004.首都圈地下流体监测与地震预测[M].北京:气象出版社.36—48.CHE Yong-tai,WANG Ji-yi,LI Yi-bing,et al.2004.The underground fluid examination and the earthquake predictionin Capital Circle Area[M].Meteorological Publishing House,Beijing.36—48(in Chinese).
高立新,车用太,纪建国,等.2005.东古楼抽水试验对地下流体动态影响研究[J].地震研究,28(2):172—177.GAO Li-xin,CHE Yong-tai,JI Jian-guo,et al.2005.Study on the influence of test of water pumping at Donggulou onunderground fluid regimen[J].Journal of seismological research,28(2):172—177(in Chinese).
吴富春,景北科,李炳乾,等.2000.西影井水位大幅度异常成因的调查分析[J].地震,20(3):110—112.WU Fu-chun,JING Bei-ke,LI Bing-qian,et al.2000.Investigation and analysis of a big anomaly of deep well waterlevel in Xi an film studio[J].Earthquake,20(3):110—112(in Chinese).
薛禹群,朱学愚.1978.地下水动力学[M].北京:地质出版社.63—103.XUE Yu-qun,ZHU Xue-yu.1978.Groundwater Dynamics[M].Geological Publishing House,Beijing.63—103(inChinese).
佟永臣,王洪悦,宋健.2000.丰南市水资源及开发利用中存在的问题及对策[J].河北水力水电技术,(3):3—4.TONG Yong-chen,WANG Hong-yue,SONG Jian.2000.Problems and countermeasures in the development and usingof water resources in Fengnan city[J].HeBei Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,(3):3—4(in Chi-nese).
刘花台,王贵玲,刘志明,等.2002.唐山中西部地区地下水位动态特征分析[J].勘探科学技术,(6):16—20.LIU Hua-Tai,WANG Gui-ling,LIU Zhi-ming,et al.2002.Analysis of characteristics of groundwater level regime inmiddle west of Tangshan City[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,(6):16—20(in Chinese).
张素欣,温学勤,郑云贞,等.2002.地下水动态多年周期与中强震多发期[J].华北地震科学,20(1):32—37.ZHANG Su-xin,WEN Xue-qin ZHENG Yun-zhen,et al.2002.Yearly period of groundwater dynamics and earth-quake high frequency period[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,20(1):32—37(in Chinese).
莫乃榕.2003.水力学简明教程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社.164.MO Nai-rong.2003.A Concise Course of Hydraulics[M].Publishing House of Hua Zhong Science and TechnologyUniversity,Wuhan.164(in Chinese).
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