珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡陆架坡折带地质特征及其油气勘探潜力
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摘要
白云凹陷北坡地区是珠江口盆地最有利的油气勘探区域之一,其层序地层学特点表现为沉积受控于特殊的古地理位置——陆架坡折带。从距今21 Ma至今,陆架坡折带位置基本保持在该区附近,在低海面时期发育了大量低位体系域沉积砂岩体,具备优先捕获油气的有利条件。为此,在前人研究的基础上,利用钻井、地震资料,结合各种层序界面特征,重新确定了该区新近系珠江组下段SB23.8、SB21等2个层序界面,划分出2个三级层序、5个四级层序地层单元,从而建立起等时地层格架;之后,对该区近3 000 km2三维地震SB21.0层序界面之上的陆架坡折点进行了识别和追踪,确定出陆架坡折带的分布范围,识别出其低位体系域时期所分布的主要沉积地质体:主要有低位楔或陆架边缘三角洲、水道充填、低位扇等3种类型,并对其特征及展布规律进行了详细描述。结论认为:上述陆架坡折带具备有利的油气成藏条件,充足的油气源,优越的储集条件,良好的运聚匹配条件和保存条件以及晚期成藏特征等,同时,由于其上的砂岩体具有良好的形成岩性—地层圈闭条件,因此,该陆架坡折带极具油气勘探价值。
The north slope of the Baiyun Depression is one of the most favorable areas for gas exploration in the Pear River Mouth Basin,where,from the perspective of the sequence stratigraphy,the deposition is controlled by the special palaeogeographic location,i.e.shelf break zone.This shelf break zone has been kept within or near the study area since 21 million years ago and has accumulated a large amount of the lowstand system tract(LST) sandbodies which are favorable for capturing hydrocarbons.Based on the previous studies and in combination with drilling and seismic data as well as features of various sequence boundaries,two sequence boundaries(SB23.8 and SB21) were redefined in the lower member of the Neogene Zhujiang Formation,2 third-order sequences and 5 fourth-order sequences were recognized,and an isochronous stratigraphic framework was established.Through identifying and tracing shelf break point above the SB21.0 sequence boundary within the 3D acreage of 3000 km2 in the study area,we delineated the distribution area of this shelf break zone and recognized the major sedimentary bodies formed during LST,including lowstand wedge or delta on shelf margin,channel fill and lowstand fan,and describe in detail their features and distribution patterns.It is believed that this shelf break zone has favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation,sufficient hydrocarbon sources,quality reservoirs,good timing of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,supreme sealing conditions,and late pooling.Moreover,the sandbodies above are favorable for the formation of lithologic-stratigraphic traps.All these show that this study area has a great gas exploration potential.
The north slope of the Baiyun Depression is one of the most favorable areas for gas exploration in the Pear River Mouth Basin,where,from the perspective of the sequence stratigraphy,the deposition is controlled by the special palaeogeographic location,i.e.shelf break zone.This shelf break zone has been kept within or near the study area since 21 million years ago and has accumulated a large amount of the lowstand system tract(LST) sandbodies which are favorable for capturing hydrocarbons.Based on the previous studies and in combination with drilling and seismic data as well as features of various sequence boundaries,two sequence boundaries(SB23.8 and SB21) were redefined in the lower member of the Neogene Zhujiang Formation,2 third-order sequences and 5 fourth-order sequences were recognized,and an isochronous stratigraphic framework was established.Through identifying and tracing shelf break point above the SB21.0 sequence boundary within the 3D acreage of 3000 km2 in the study area,we delineated the distribution area of this shelf break zone and recognized the major sedimentary bodies formed during LST,including lowstand wedge or delta on shelf margin,channel fill and lowstand fan,and describe in detail their features and distribution patterns.It is believed that this shelf break zone has favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation,sufficient hydrocarbon sources,quality reservoirs,good timing of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,supreme sealing conditions,and late pooling.Moreover,the sandbodies above are favorable for the formation of lithologic-stratigraphic traps.All these show that this study area has a great gas exploration potential.
引文
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[20]万志峰,夏斌,蔡周荣,等.南海北部油气成藏区带的划分与勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2010,30(8):4-8.
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[23]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现和识别[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.
[24]苏丕波,雷怀彦,梁金强,等.神狐海域气源特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的指示意义[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):103-108.
[25]蔡周荣,夏斌,万志峰,等.珠江口盆地与莺琼盆地油气运聚特征的差异性[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):9-12.
[26]戴金星,宋岩,张厚福.中国大中型气田形成的主要控制因素[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,1996,26(6):481-487.
[27]李士伦,汪艳,刘廷元,等.总结国内外经验,开发好大气田[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):7-11.
[28]李景明,罗霞,冉君贵.三大古板块是中国寻找大气田的重要领域[J].天然气工业,2006,26(12):15-19.
[29]沈传波,梅廉夫,郭彤楼.川东北地区中、新生代热历史的裂变径迹分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):24-26.
[30]戴金星,卫延召,赵靖舟.晚期成藏对大气田形成的重大作用[J].中国地质,2003,30(1):10-19.
[31]王庭斌.天然气与石油成藏条件差异及中国气田成藏模式[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):79-86.
[32]李景明,魏国齐,赵群.中国大气田勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):13-16.
[33]王庭斌.中国气田的成藏特征分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(2):103-110.
[34]贾承造,何登发,石昕,等.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2006,36(5):412-420.
[2]许仕策,陈长民.对应用地震地层、和层序地层分析方法之回顾[M]∥郝诒纯,徐钰林,许仕策,等.南海珠江口盆地第三纪古生物及古海洋研究.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:1-9.
[3]施和生,李文湘,邹晓萍,等.层序地层学在珠江口盆地(东部)油田开发中的应用[J].中国海上油气:地质,2000,14(1):15-20.
[4]施和生,于水明,梅廉夫,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪幕式裂陷特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):35-37.
[5]秦国权.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化[J].中国海上油气:地质,2002,16(1):1-10.
[6]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:122-146.
[7]庞雄,彭大钧,朱明,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):220-229.
[8]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:144-150.
[9]董伟,林畅松,谢利华,等.珠江口盆地番禺隆起东南缘断裂坡折带及其对低位域构造—岩性油气藏的控制作用[J].地球学报,2009,30(2):256-262.
[10]徐强,王英民,王丹,等.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世断阶陆架坡折沉积过程响应[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):906-916.
[11]谢钦春,叶银灿,陆炳文.东海陆架坡折地形和沉积作用过程[J].海洋学报,1984,6(1):61-71.
[12]叶加仁,顾惠荣,贾健谊.东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷油气成藏动力学[J].天然气工业,2005,25(12):5-8.
[13]MECKEL L D.Shelf margin deltas:the key to big re-serves[C]∥23rd Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F.Perkins Research Conference,7-10 December 2003,Hous-ton,Texas,USA.Houston:GCSSEPM,2003.
[14]武强,解习农,姜涛.陆架边缘三角洲的研究现状及其意义[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(3):1-5.
[15]吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2010,35(4):681-690.
[16]钱治家,钟克修.川东北地区须家河组沉积相与储层特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):9-12.
[17]石亚军,曹正林,张小军,等.柴西南地区岩性油气藏的富集特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(2):37-41.
[18]PETTINGILL H S,WEIMER P.World-wide deep waterexploration and production:past,present and future[C]∥21st Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F.Perkins Re-search Conference,2-5 December 2001,Houston,Texas,USA.Houston:GCSSEPM,2001.
[19]谢利华,林畅松,周彤,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起油气成藏条件分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):30-34.
[20]万志峰,夏斌,蔡周荣,等.南海北部油气成藏区带的划分与勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2010,30(8):4-8.
[21]金春爽,乔德武,姜春艳,等.国内外深水区油气勘探新进展[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(1):20-23.
[22]张树林,黄耀琴,黄雄伟.流体底辟构造及其成因探讨[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(2):19-22.
[23]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现和识别[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.
[24]苏丕波,雷怀彦,梁金强,等.神狐海域气源特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的指示意义[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):103-108.
[25]蔡周荣,夏斌,万志峰,等.珠江口盆地与莺琼盆地油气运聚特征的差异性[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):9-12.
[26]戴金星,宋岩,张厚福.中国大中型气田形成的主要控制因素[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,1996,26(6):481-487.
[27]李士伦,汪艳,刘廷元,等.总结国内外经验,开发好大气田[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):7-11.
[28]李景明,罗霞,冉君贵.三大古板块是中国寻找大气田的重要领域[J].天然气工业,2006,26(12):15-19.
[29]沈传波,梅廉夫,郭彤楼.川东北地区中、新生代热历史的裂变径迹分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):24-26.
[30]戴金星,卫延召,赵靖舟.晚期成藏对大气田形成的重大作用[J].中国地质,2003,30(1):10-19.
[31]王庭斌.天然气与石油成藏条件差异及中国气田成藏模式[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):79-86.
[32]李景明,魏国齐,赵群.中国大气田勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):13-16.
[33]王庭斌.中国气田的成藏特征分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(2):103-110.
[34]贾承造,何登发,石昕,等.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2006,36(5):412-420.
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