塔中地区碳酸盐岩储集相控建模技术及应用
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摘要
针对塔中地区溶蚀孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层非均质性极强的特点,充分利用多种地震信息,高度综合地质、钻井、测井、地震等资料,将传统的"相控建模"思想引入碳酸盐岩储层建模当中,提出了溶蚀孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层建模新技术——"碳酸盐岩储集相控建模技术"。研究结果表明,该技术利用"碳酸盐岩储集相"和地震波阻抗反演数据体进行双重控制和约束,能有效增加模型的确定性,降低随机方法的多解性,显著提高储层建模的精度,是建立碳酸盐岩储层参数地质模型有效的建模方法。其建模结果与地质实际相符合,客观地反映了溶蚀孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层的严重非均质性,改善了碳酸盐岩储层三维地质随机建模方案,能为油藏精细描述、数值模拟、开发方案的制定提供合理的三维储层模型。
Based on characteristics of vast heterogeneity of carbonate karst and dissoled cavern reservoirs in the Tazhong area and integrated with full use of seismic,well logging,drilling information and geologic data,this paper applied the traditional "facies-controlled" concept into the modeling of carbonate reservoirs,yielding a new modeling technique for karst and dissolved carbonate reservoirs,"the facies-controlled carbonate reservoir modeling technique".The study showed that this approach,constrained and controlled both by "carbonate reservoir facies" and by inversion data of the seismic-wave impedance,could effectively reduce modeling uncertainty and the ambiguity of randomicity,and improve modeling accuracy at maximum.Being an effective modeling method for the geological model of carbonate reservoir parameters,this approach was applied to the data of Well Tazhong-45.The modeling results matched well with the real geology by means of objectively reflecting the severe heterogeneity of carbonate karst and dissolved cavern reservoirs,improved the 3D-geology random modeling scheme for carbonate reservoirs.The accomplishment and output of this research is an important milestone of an effective 3D reservoir model for reservoir description,numerical simulation,development planning in a field with this type of reservoirs.
Based on characteristics of vast heterogeneity of carbonate karst and dissoled cavern reservoirs in the Tazhong area and integrated with full use of seismic,well logging,drilling information and geologic data,this paper applied the traditional "facies-controlled" concept into the modeling of carbonate reservoirs,yielding a new modeling technique for karst and dissolved carbonate reservoirs,"the facies-controlled carbonate reservoir modeling technique".The study showed that this approach,constrained and controlled both by "carbonate reservoir facies" and by inversion data of the seismic-wave impedance,could effectively reduce modeling uncertainty and the ambiguity of randomicity,and improve modeling accuracy at maximum.Being an effective modeling method for the geological model of carbonate reservoir parameters,this approach was applied to the data of Well Tazhong-45.The modeling results matched well with the real geology by means of objectively reflecting the severe heterogeneity of carbonate karst and dissolved cavern reservoirs,improved the 3D-geology random modeling scheme for carbonate reservoirs.The accomplishment and output of this research is an important milestone of an effective 3D reservoir model for reservoir description,numerical simulation,development planning in a field with this type of reservoirs.
引文
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[13]印兴耀,孔国英,张广智.基于核主成分分析的地震属性优化方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):179-183.Yin Xinyao,Kong Guoying,Zhang Guangzhi.Seismic attributesoptimization based on kernel principal component analysis(KP-CA)and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(2):179-183.
[14]Sun Zandong.Seismic methods for heavy oil reservoir monitoringand characterization[D].Calgary:University of Calgary,1999:108-117.
[15]刘建华,朱玉双,胡友洲,等.安塞油田H区开发中后期储层地质建模[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):110-115.Liu Jianhua,Zhu Yushuang,Hu Youzhou,et al.Reservoir mod-eling for middle or later step of exploitation in H Area of AnsaiOilfield[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):110-115.
[16]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.储层建模方法研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):107-112.Hu Xiangyang,Xiong Qihua,Wu Shenghe.Advancement of res-ervoir modeling methods[J].Journal of the University of Petro-leum,China:Edition of Natural Science,2001,25(1):107-112.
[17]雍学善.提高地震储层预测与建模精度的方法与应用研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京)博士论文,2006:94-97.Yong Xueshan.Methods and Applications study for improvingthe accuracy of reservoir prediction and modeling[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2006:94-97.
[18]Deuth C V.Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2002:4-10.
[19]徐景祯,刘晓冬,陶官仲.渗透率建模的三维指示条件模拟方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):61-65.Xu Jingzhen,Liu Xiaodong,Tao Guanzhong.-3D conditional indi-cator simulation for permeability modeling and its application tothe north of Lamadian Oilfield.[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):61-65.
[2]杨海军,韩剑发,陈利新,等.塔中古隆起下古生界碳酸盐岩油气复式成藏特征及模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):784-790.Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Chen Lixin,et al.Characteristics andpatterns of complex hydrocarbon accumulation in the Lower Pa-leozoic carbonate rocks of the Tazhong Palaeouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):784-790.
[3]刘文岭.地震约束储层地质建模技术[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):64-68.Liu Wenling.Geological modeling technique for reservoir con-strained by seismic data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):64-68.
[4]陈崇河,马晓芬,吴胜和.用地震资料进行早期储层预测的新思路[J].石油学报,1998,19(2):1-4.Chen Chonghe,Ma Xiaofen,Wu Shenghe.A new method of lat-eral forecasting of reservoir by seismic data in an early stage[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1998,19(2):1-4.
[5]Dorrington K P,Link C A.A genetic algorithm/neural networkapproach to seismic attribute selection for well log prediction[C].Expanded Abstracts of72nd Annual Internet SEG Mtg,2002:1654-1657.
[6]Damsleth E,Omre H,Haldorsen H,et al.A two-stage stochasticmodel applied to North Sea reservoir[J].Journal of PetroleumGeology,1992,44(4):402-408.
[7]王招明,张丽娟,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系礁滩体特征与油气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(6):1-7.Wang Zhaoming,Zhang Lijuan,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Features ofOrdovician reef beach and exploration activities in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,12(6):1-7.
[8]张希明,杨坚,杨秋来,等.塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏描述及储量评估技术[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):13-18.Zhang Ximing,Yang Jian,Yang Qiulai,et al.Reservoir descrip-tion and reserves estimation technique for fracture-cave type car-bonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(1):13-18.
[9]霍春亮,古莉,赵春明,等.基于地震、测井和地质综合一体化的储层精细建模[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):66-71.Huo Chunliang,Gu Li,Zhao Chunming,et al.Integrated reser-voir geological modeling based on seismic,log and geological data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(6):66-71.
[10]杨辉廷,江同文,颜其彬,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模方法初探[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(4):11-12,16.Yang Huiting,Jiang Tongwen,Yan Qibin,et al.Establishment of3D geological models of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2004,23(4):11-12,16.
[11]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747-754.Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong,Yang Haijun,et al.Seismic attributeoptimization method and its application for fractured-vuggy car-bonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(6):747-754.
[12]胡永章,王洪辉,段新国,等.多组逐步判别分析在鄂尔多斯某区块识别气、水层[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,32(2):152-155.Hu Yongzhang,Wang Honghui,Duan Xinguo,et al.Applicationof step discriminant analysis to identification of gas zone and wa-ter layer in Ordos basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu Universi-ty of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2005,32(2):152-155.
[13]印兴耀,孔国英,张广智.基于核主成分分析的地震属性优化方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):179-183.Yin Xinyao,Kong Guoying,Zhang Guangzhi.Seismic attributesoptimization based on kernel principal component analysis(KP-CA)and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(2):179-183.
[14]Sun Zandong.Seismic methods for heavy oil reservoir monitoringand characterization[D].Calgary:University of Calgary,1999:108-117.
[15]刘建华,朱玉双,胡友洲,等.安塞油田H区开发中后期储层地质建模[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):110-115.Liu Jianhua,Zhu Yushuang,Hu Youzhou,et al.Reservoir mod-eling for middle or later step of exploitation in H Area of AnsaiOilfield[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):110-115.
[16]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.储层建模方法研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):107-112.Hu Xiangyang,Xiong Qihua,Wu Shenghe.Advancement of res-ervoir modeling methods[J].Journal of the University of Petro-leum,China:Edition of Natural Science,2001,25(1):107-112.
[17]雍学善.提高地震储层预测与建模精度的方法与应用研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京)博士论文,2006:94-97.Yong Xueshan.Methods and Applications study for improvingthe accuracy of reservoir prediction and modeling[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2006:94-97.
[18]Deuth C V.Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2002:4-10.
[19]徐景祯,刘晓冬,陶官仲.渗透率建模的三维指示条件模拟方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):61-65.Xu Jingzhen,Liu Xiaodong,Tao Guanzhong.-3D conditional indi-cator simulation for permeability modeling and its application tothe north of Lamadian Oilfield.[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):61-65.
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