中国大陆现今水平形变动态特征
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摘要
2001～2004大陆水平应变场大致沿玉树、阿尼玛沁、鲜水河、小江等断裂带形成一条由东西走向转为南北走向的应变高值带.2004～2007高值带向局部收缩,并维持前期高值.新疆于田Ms7.3、四川汶川Ms8.0分别位于该高值带的东段、西段剪应变梯度带上,具备大尺度形变背景.分析认为昆仑山Ms8.1对青藏高原内部块体、川滇块体的相对运动产生重大影响,导致震中两侧一系列断裂带附近区域水平差异运动处于较高水平,印尼Ms8.7地震则有利于上述区域应变能进一步积累.此外,2001～2004、2004～2007应变分布特征总体从无序趋向有序,体现构造应力场经历调整与再积累过程.现阶段太平洋板块、菲律宾板块俯冲作用可能有所增强.
The 2001—2004 horizontal strain field in China continent shows that there is a high value belt which is of EW trend in its west section and SN trend in its east-south section approximately along the Kekexili fault,Yushu fault,Anymaqn fault,and Xianshuihe fault,Xiaojiang fault.This high strain belt tends to shrink and focuses on a smaller region in the 2004～2007 strain field,but the value keeps the same as the prior period.The Yutian M_S7.3 earthquake in Xinjiang Province and Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province are located in the shear strain gradient zone of the east section and west section of the high strain belt,especially,accounting for the large scale deformation background of the earthquakes.The results imply that the Kunlun M_S8.1 earthquake exerts enormous influence on the relative movements between the blocks within the Tibet plateau and Sichuan-Yunnan block,inducing high lever horizontal differential movement of a series faults and their adjacent regions beside the epicenter.And the Indonesia M_S8.7 earthquake favored such strain energy accumulation.On the other hand,the dynamic character between the 2001~2004 strain field and 2004~2007 strain field suggests that the strain field changed from a disordered fashion to ordered fashion,implying the adjustment process and accumulation process of the tectonic stress field during the whole period.The results show that the subduction of the Pacific plate and Philipine plate may be enhanced recently.
The 2001—2004 horizontal strain field in China continent shows that there is a high value belt which is of EW trend in its west section and SN trend in its east-south section approximately along the Kekexili fault,Yushu fault,Anymaqn fault,and Xianshuihe fault,Xiaojiang fault.This high strain belt tends to shrink and focuses on a smaller region in the 2004～2007 strain field,but the value keeps the same as the prior period.The Yutian M_S7.3 earthquake in Xinjiang Province and Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province are located in the shear strain gradient zone of the east section and west section of the high strain belt,especially,accounting for the large scale deformation background of the earthquakes.The results imply that the Kunlun M_S8.1 earthquake exerts enormous influence on the relative movements between the blocks within the Tibet plateau and Sichuan-Yunnan block,inducing high lever horizontal differential movement of a series faults and their adjacent regions beside the epicenter.And the Indonesia M_S8.7 earthquake favored such strain energy accumulation.On the other hand,the dynamic character between the 2001~2004 strain field and 2004~2007 strain field suggests that the strain field changed from a disordered fashion to ordered fashion,implying the adjustment process and accumulation process of the tectonic stress field during the whole period.The results show that the subduction of the Pacific plate and Philipine plate may be enhanced recently.
引文
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[14] 张希,刘文义,王双绪,等.西北地区近期地壳水平运动与构造变形特征[J].中国地震,2006,22(1) :15～22． Zhang X,Liu W Y,Wang S X,et al.Characteristic of recent horizontal crustal movement and tectonic deformation features in the Northwest China Region[J].Earthquake Research in China,2006,22(1) :15～22．
[15] 路鹏,杨国华,张风霜,等.昆仑山口西8． 1级地震与山西断 陷带水平运动变化的探讨[J].国际地震动态,2007,7:13～17． Lu P,Yang G H,Zhang F S,et al.Discussions of the relation between Kunlun Mountain Earthquake and the variation of horizontal movement in Shanxi Fault Zone[J].Recent Developments In World Seismology,2007,7:13 ～ 17．
[16] England P,Molnar P.Active deformation of Asia:from kinematics to dynamic[J].Science,1997,278:647～650．
[17] Molna P,Deng Q.Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in central and eastern Asia[J]J.Geophys.R.,1984,93:6203～6227．
[18] Liu M,Yang Y.Extensional collapse of the Tibetan Plateau:Results of three-dimensional finite element modeling[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B8) ,2361,doi:10． 1029 / 2002JB002248．
[19] 傅容珊,徐耀民,黄建华,等.青藏高原隆升过程的三阶段模式[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5) :609～616． Fu R S,Xu Y M,Huang J H,et al.Three-step Model of the QingHai-Xizang Plateau uplift[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(5) :609～616．
[2] 江在森,马宗晋,张希,等.GPS初步结果揭示的中国大陆水平应变场与构造变形[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3) :352～ 358． Jiang Z S,Ma Z J,Zhang X,et al.Horizontal Strain field and tectonic deformation of China Mainland revealed by preliminary GPS result[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(3) :352～358．
[3] 李延兴,李智,张静华,等.中国大陆及周边地区的水平应变场[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :222～231． Li Y X,Li Z,Zhang J H,et al.Horizontal strain field in the Chinese Mainland and its surrounding areas[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(2) :222～231．
[4] 石耀霖,朱守彪.用GPS位移资料计算应变方法的讨论[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(1) :1～8． Shi Y L,Zhu S B.Discussion on method of calculating strain with GPS displacement Data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,26(1) :1 ～ 8．
[5] 沈正康,王敏,甘卫军,等.中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(Suppl):93～100． Shen Z K,Wang M,Gan Q J,et al.Contemporary tectonic strain rate field of Chinese Continent and Geodynamic implications[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(Suppl):93～ 100．
[6] 孙建中,杨少敏.用GPS资料揭示现今中国大陆构造运动[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3) :75～80． Sun J Z,Yang S M.Tectonic movement of Chinese Mainland revealed from GPS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(3) :75～80．
[7] 杨国华,李延兴,韩月萍,等.由GPS观测结果推导中国大陆现今水平应变场[J].地震学报,2002,24(4) :337～347． Yang G H,Yi Y X,Han Y P,et al.Current horizontal strain field in Chinese Mainland derived from GPS Data[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(4) :337～347．
[8] 杨少敏,游新兆,杜瑞林,等.用双三次样条函数和GPS资料反演现今中国大陆构造形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(1) :68～75． Yang S M,You X Z,Du R L,et al.Contemporary Horizontal tectonic deformation fields in China inversed from GPS observations[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2002,22(1) :68～75．
[9] 朱守彪,石耀霖.由GPS站点速度观测误差引起的应变率计算结果的误差分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(6) :51～57． Zhu S B,Shi Y L.Error analysis of strain rates resulted from errors of GPS measurement[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(6) :51～57．
[10] 谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4) :654～662． Xie F R,Cui X F,Zhao J T,et al.Regional division of the recent tectonic stress field in China and adiacent areas[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4) :654～662．
[11] 杨国华,韩月萍,王敏.近10年华北地壳水平运动的若干特征[J].中国地震,2003,19(4) :324～333． Yang G H,Han Y P,Wang M.Characteristics of the horizontal Crustal Movement of North China in the last decade[J].Earthquake Research in China,2003,19(4) :324～333．
[12] 杨国华,江在森,刘广余,等.华北地区的水平运动场与昆仑山8． 1级地震的可能关系[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(2) :10～15． Yang G H,Jiang Z S,Liu G Y,et al.Possible relation of horizontal movement field in North China to Kunlun Mountain Ms8． 1 earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(2) :10～15．
[13] 崔笃信,王庆良,王文萍.青藏块体东北缘地壳水平运动状态[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3) :29～34． Cui D X,Wang Q L,Wang W P.Crustal horizontal movement state of Northeastern Margin of Qinghai-Tibit block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3) :29～34．
[14] 张希,刘文义,王双绪,等.西北地区近期地壳水平运动与构造变形特征[J].中国地震,2006,22(1) :15～22． Zhang X,Liu W Y,Wang S X,et al.Characteristic of recent horizontal crustal movement and tectonic deformation features in the Northwest China Region[J].Earthquake Research in China,2006,22(1) :15～22．
[15] 路鹏,杨国华,张风霜,等.昆仑山口西8． 1级地震与山西断 陷带水平运动变化的探讨[J].国际地震动态,2007,7:13～17． Lu P,Yang G H,Zhang F S,et al.Discussions of the relation between Kunlun Mountain Earthquake and the variation of horizontal movement in Shanxi Fault Zone[J].Recent Developments In World Seismology,2007,7:13 ～ 17．
[16] England P,Molnar P.Active deformation of Asia:from kinematics to dynamic[J].Science,1997,278:647～650．
[17] Molna P,Deng Q.Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in central and eastern Asia[J]J.Geophys.R.,1984,93:6203～6227．
[18] Liu M,Yang Y.Extensional collapse of the Tibetan Plateau:Results of three-dimensional finite element modeling[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B8) ,2361,doi:10． 1029 / 2002JB002248．
[19] 傅容珊,徐耀民,黄建华,等.青藏高原隆升过程的三阶段模式[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5) :609～616． Fu R S,Xu Y M,Huang J H,et al.Three-step Model of the QingHai-Xizang Plateau uplift[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(5) :609～616．
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