AVO技术在孟加拉湾含气性检测中的应用
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摘要
孟加拉湾研究区砂体比较发育,主要为海洋深水沉积水道和朵叶体,在地震剖面上表现为强振幅的亮点特征,横向变化快,但并非都含油气,因此开展油气检测在该地区尤为重要。本文利用Zoeppritz方程的Aki&Richards近似式和Shuey近似式反演了一系列叠前AVO属性体,如:P波速度、S波速度、P波阻抗、S波阻抗、截距(P)、梯度(G)、P×G、近道叠加数据和远道叠加数据、流体因子、泊松比等等。结合钻井资料进行正演模拟、流体替换及岩石物理分析,确定了相应的地震振幅响应特征,并计算了相应的AVO属性,为直接利用地震资料进行AVO油气检测奠定了基础。研究表明,如果储层含气,振幅随炮检距的增大而增大,此外,P波速度、P波阻抗、λρ和泊松比变化较大,属于Ⅲ类AVO异常;如果储层含水,这些属性仅有微小的变化。本文优选了P×G、流体因子、泊松比、P波阻抗和λρ进行分析,在研究区发现了多个含气目标。
Sand bodies are rich in our study area of Bengal Bay.Most of them are offshore deepwater sedimentary channels and lobes.They represent high amplitude as bright spots,and lateral changes are fast.But not all of them contain hydrocarbon.Thus hydrocarbon detection is very important in the study area.The Aki & Richards equation and Shuey equation are aplieded in this paper.Series of pre-stack AVO attribute cubes are calculated based on these equations,such as P-wave velocity,S-wave velocity,P-wave impedance,S-wave impedance,intercept(P),gradient(G),P×G,near offset stack amplitude,far offset stack amplitude,fluid factor,Poisson ratio and so on.The forward modeling,fluid substitution and petrophysical analysis with well data have been carried out.The corresponding amplitude characteristics are defined,and relevant AVO attributes are calculated,which serve as the basis for the later seismic AVO attribute analysis.The results of this research indicate that if a reservoir contains gas,the amplitude increases with offset,P-wave velocity,P-wave impedance,λρ and Poisson ratio all change fast.These features belong to AVO anomalies of type Ⅲ.And if a reservoir contains water,the above attributes only show tiny changes.In this paper,P×G,fluid factor,Poisson ratio,P-wave impedance and λρ are used for analysis.Many gas prospects have been detected in the study area based on this method.
Sand bodies are rich in our study area of Bengal Bay.Most of them are offshore deepwater sedimentary channels and lobes.They represent high amplitude as bright spots,and lateral changes are fast.But not all of them contain hydrocarbon.Thus hydrocarbon detection is very important in the study area.The Aki & Richards equation and Shuey equation are aplieded in this paper.Series of pre-stack AVO attribute cubes are calculated based on these equations,such as P-wave velocity,S-wave velocity,P-wave impedance,S-wave impedance,intercept(P),gradient(G),P×G,near offset stack amplitude,far offset stack amplitude,fluid factor,Poisson ratio and so on.The forward modeling,fluid substitution and petrophysical analysis with well data have been carried out.The corresponding amplitude characteristics are defined,and relevant AVO attributes are calculated,which serve as the basis for the later seismic AVO attribute analysis.The results of this research indicate that if a reservoir contains gas,the amplitude increases with offset,P-wave velocity,P-wave impedance,λρ and Poisson ratio all change fast.These features belong to AVO anomalies of type Ⅲ.And if a reservoir contains water,the above attributes only show tiny changes.In this paper,P×G,fluid factor,Poisson ratio,P-wave impedance and λρ are used for analysis.Many gas prospects have been detected in the study area based on this method.
引文
[1]郑晓东.AVO理论和方法和一些新进展.石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(3):305～317Zheng Xiao-dong.Some new development of AVOtechnique.OGP,1992,27(3):305～317
[2]王振国,陈小宏,王学军.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):194～197Wang Zhen-guo,Chen Xiao-hong,Wang Xue-jun.An example analysis about the application of AVOmethod to detect hydrocarbon.OGP,2007,42(2):194～197
[3]张如伟,黄捍东等.叠前AVA反演预测储层流体的方法与应用.石油天然气学报,2008,30(1):250～253Zhang Ru-wei,Huang Han-dong et al.The applica-tion of pre-stack AVA inversion method to predictreservoir fluid.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(1):250～253
[4]程彦,董守华,赵伟,陶文朋.Zoeppritz方程近似解拟合精确解影响因素.物探与化探,2010,34(4):523～527Cheng Yan,Dong Shou-hua,Zhao Wei,Tao Wen-peng.The analysis of influencing factors between Zo-eppritz approximate solution and exact solution.Geo-physical&Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(4):523～527
[5]程冰洁,张玉芬.AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用.物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1):26～30Cheng Bing-jie,Zhang Yu-fen.The physical meaningof AVO reduced equations and its application in theoil exploration.Computing Techniques for Geophys-ical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(1):26～30
[6]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子.石油物探,2006,45(3):239～241Ning Zhong-hua,He Zhen-hua,Huang De-ji.Highsensitivity fluid identify factors based on seismic data.GPP,2006,45(3):239～241
[7]尹川,顾汉明.AVO流体指示因子的敏感性分析.工程地球物理学报,2008,5(1):85～88Yin Chuan,Gu Han-ming.The sensitivity analysis ofAVO fluid factors.Chinese Journal of EngineeringGeophysics,2008,5(1):85～88
[8]郭旭升,凡睿.AVO技术在普光气田鲕滩储层预测中的应用.石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):199～202Guo Xu-sheng,Fan Rui.Application of AVO tech-niques to reservoirs prediction of oolitic beach faciesin Puguang gas field.Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(2):199～202
[9]杨绍国等.AVO属性叠加剖面的正演模型及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):772～774Yang Shao-guo et al.Forward model for AVO char-acteristic stack section and the application.OGP,1995,30(6):772～774
[10]李艳玲.AVO叠前反演技术研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):102～105Li Yan-ling.Study on AVO pre-stack inversion tech-nology.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Developmentin Daqing,2006,25(5):102～105
[11]王保丽等.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89～92Wang Bao-li.Elastic impedance inversion and its ap-plication.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):89～92
[12]何诚,蔡友红等.AVO属性交会图解释技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):711～715He Cheng,Cai You-hong et al.Application of AVOattributes crossplot interpretation technique to predictcarbonate reservoir.OGP,2005,40(6):711～715
[13]孙鹏远等.PP波AVO多属性交会图分析.天然气工业,2004,24(2):44～47Sun Peng-yuan et al.Crossplot analyse of multipleAVO attributes based on PP wave.NaturalGasIndustry,2004,24(2):44～47
[14]王云专,朱伦,王开燕等.AVO截距与梯度交会图分析及应用.大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(1):12～14Wang Yun-zhuan,Zhu Lun,Wang Kai-yan et al.AVO intercept and gradient crossplot analysis and itsapplication.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(1):12～14
[2]王振国,陈小宏,王学军.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):194～197Wang Zhen-guo,Chen Xiao-hong,Wang Xue-jun.An example analysis about the application of AVOmethod to detect hydrocarbon.OGP,2007,42(2):194～197
[3]张如伟,黄捍东等.叠前AVA反演预测储层流体的方法与应用.石油天然气学报,2008,30(1):250～253Zhang Ru-wei,Huang Han-dong et al.The applica-tion of pre-stack AVA inversion method to predictreservoir fluid.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(1):250～253
[4]程彦,董守华,赵伟,陶文朋.Zoeppritz方程近似解拟合精确解影响因素.物探与化探,2010,34(4):523～527Cheng Yan,Dong Shou-hua,Zhao Wei,Tao Wen-peng.The analysis of influencing factors between Zo-eppritz approximate solution and exact solution.Geo-physical&Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(4):523～527
[5]程冰洁,张玉芬.AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用.物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1):26～30Cheng Bing-jie,Zhang Yu-fen.The physical meaningof AVO reduced equations and its application in theoil exploration.Computing Techniques for Geophys-ical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(1):26～30
[6]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子.石油物探,2006,45(3):239～241Ning Zhong-hua,He Zhen-hua,Huang De-ji.Highsensitivity fluid identify factors based on seismic data.GPP,2006,45(3):239～241
[7]尹川,顾汉明.AVO流体指示因子的敏感性分析.工程地球物理学报,2008,5(1):85～88Yin Chuan,Gu Han-ming.The sensitivity analysis ofAVO fluid factors.Chinese Journal of EngineeringGeophysics,2008,5(1):85～88
[8]郭旭升,凡睿.AVO技术在普光气田鲕滩储层预测中的应用.石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):199～202Guo Xu-sheng,Fan Rui.Application of AVO tech-niques to reservoirs prediction of oolitic beach faciesin Puguang gas field.Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(2):199～202
[9]杨绍国等.AVO属性叠加剖面的正演模型及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):772～774Yang Shao-guo et al.Forward model for AVO char-acteristic stack section and the application.OGP,1995,30(6):772～774
[10]李艳玲.AVO叠前反演技术研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):102～105Li Yan-ling.Study on AVO pre-stack inversion tech-nology.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Developmentin Daqing,2006,25(5):102～105
[11]王保丽等.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89～92Wang Bao-li.Elastic impedance inversion and its ap-plication.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):89～92
[12]何诚,蔡友红等.AVO属性交会图解释技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):711～715He Cheng,Cai You-hong et al.Application of AVOattributes crossplot interpretation technique to predictcarbonate reservoir.OGP,2005,40(6):711～715
[13]孙鹏远等.PP波AVO多属性交会图分析.天然气工业,2004,24(2):44～47Sun Peng-yuan et al.Crossplot analyse of multipleAVO attributes based on PP wave.NaturalGasIndustry,2004,24(2):44～47
[14]王云专,朱伦,王开燕等.AVO截距与梯度交会图分析及应用.大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(1):12～14Wang Yun-zhuan,Zhu Lun,Wang Kai-yan et al.AVO intercept and gradient crossplot analysis and itsapplication.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(1):12～14
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