塔里木盆地巴什托地区克孜尔塔格组断裂特征分析
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摘要
塔里木盆地是中国西部最具勘探潜力的油气田。该盆地巴什托地区泥盆系克孜尔塔格组作为兼探对象,在部分井区获得了可喜的工业油流。统计结果表明,研究区内目前已发现目的层段油气藏均沿断层分布,且后期构造运动对研究区的构造形态及油气藏进行了大规模的调整改造,故构造运动及断裂活动在成藏过程的作用不可忽视。为了研究研究区的成藏机制,本文对目的层段的断裂系统进行了分析。本文在层位综合标定的基础上,根据研究区的地质特点,采用主体构造解释法(断层三维立体展布法)及相干分析技术对断层进行了系统解释。解释过程中,充分利用地震剖面的压缩、放大、任意线组合、等时切片、相干体切片及自动追踪、种子点追踪、立体显示等多种技术,提高解释的精度和效率。解释结果表明,研究区内发育巴什托1号和2号两条主干断层,其主要活动期为海西早期—加里东晚期。另外,主干断层附近有一系列的派生断裂,研究区东部断裂比较发育,向西逐渐减弱。从构造上说,巴什托构造位于巴什托断裂的上升盘,其泥盆系克孜尔塔格组油藏顶面1号和2号构造为一长轴背斜,构造南翼较陡。本研究为研究区的下一步油气探勘工作提供了新思路。
Tarim Basin is the largest petroleum potential resource in the west of China. In a co-prospecting project,some wells of the Devonian Kezirtag formation in Bashituo area give encouraging industrial oil flows. The statistical results show that the reservoirs of the target segments in the study area are all located along the faults,and the later tectonic movements produce a large-scale adjustment and reform of the structural form and reservoirs. So the tectonic movement and faulting in the accumulation process play important roles. In order to better understand the accumulation mechanism of the study area,the fault system of the target segments is analyzed. In this paper,the law of the main structural interpretation(the three dimension spread law of fault) and the coherence analysis are applied to the fault interpretation based on the comprehensive calibration of layers and the geological features in the study area. In the interpretation process,the compression,the enlargement,the combination of any lines,the isochronal slices,the coherent slices,the automatic tracking,the seed point tracking and the stereoscopic display of the seismic section are fully used to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the fault interpretation. The results show that Bashituo's 1 and 2 of the main faults are developed in the study area,and the main active period is from early hercynian to later caledonian. At the same time,a series of grade derived fractures are developed near the main faults. The faults are more developed in the east of the study area,and are gradually weakened towards the west. In view of the tectonics,the Bashituo structure is located in the uplift side of the Bashituo fault,and the reservoir superface structures 1 and 2 with steep south wings are of long axis anticline. This study provides a new way for the future exploration of the study area.
Tarim Basin is the largest petroleum potential resource in the west of China. In a co-prospecting project,some wells of the Devonian Kezirtag formation in Bashituo area give encouraging industrial oil flows. The statistical results show that the reservoirs of the target segments in the study area are all located along the faults,and the later tectonic movements produce a large-scale adjustment and reform of the structural form and reservoirs. So the tectonic movement and faulting in the accumulation process play important roles. In order to better understand the accumulation mechanism of the study area,the fault system of the target segments is analyzed. In this paper,the law of the main structural interpretation(the three dimension spread law of fault) and the coherence analysis are applied to the fault interpretation based on the comprehensive calibration of layers and the geological features in the study area. In the interpretation process,the compression,the enlargement,the combination of any lines,the isochronal slices,the coherent slices,the automatic tracking,the seed point tracking and the stereoscopic display of the seismic section are fully used to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the fault interpretation. The results show that Bashituo's 1 and 2 of the main faults are developed in the study area,and the main active period is from early hercynian to later caledonian. At the same time,a series of grade derived fractures are developed near the main faults. The faults are more developed in the east of the study area,and are gradually weakened towards the west. In view of the tectonics,the Bashituo structure is located in the uplift side of the Bashituo fault,and the reservoir superface structures 1 and 2 with steep south wings are of long axis anticline. This study provides a new way for the future exploration of the study area.
引文
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[8]李勤英,阎育英,赵爱武.地震资料全三维精细构造解释技术研究[J].断块油气田,2001,8(1):16-19.Li Qinying,Yan Yuying,Zhao Aiwu.Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2001,8(1):16-19.
[9]黄中玉.多分量地震勘探的机遇和挑战[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):131-137.Huang Zhongyu.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):131-137.
[10]曲寿利,王鑫.国内外物探技术现状与展望[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Qu Shouli,Wangxin.Present situation and prospect of geophysical at home and abroad[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[11]Bahorich M S,Lopez J,Haskell N l,等.利用三维相干性进行地层和构造解释[C]//美国勘探地球物理学家学会第65届年会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Bahorich M S,Lopez J,Haskell N l,et al.Carry on Stratigraphic and structural interpretation by three-dimensional coherence[C]//American Society of Exploration Geophysicists65th Annual Meeting Proceedings.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[12]穆星.利用地震几何属性和自组织神经网络进行地震相的自动识别[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(3):109-112.Mu Xing.Geological Science and Technology Information,2005,24(3):109-112.
[2]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.塔里木盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi,Yao Huijun,et al.Tectonic evolution and regional tectonic geology of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[3]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景[J].地质科学,2008,43(1):82-118.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,et al.Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(1):82-118.
[4]赵治信,雍天寿,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地地层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.Zhao Zhixin,Yong Tianshou,Jia Chengzao,et al.Tarim Basin strata[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[5]孙家振,李兰斌.地震地质综合解释教程[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2002.Sun Jiazhan,Li Lanbin.Seismogeology comprehensive interpretationcourse[M].Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press,2002.
[6]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,1993.Lu Mengji.Seismic exploration theory[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1993.
[7]孟庆龙,李曰俊,敬兵,等.塔里木盆地西部巴什托普断裂的主要特征及其油气勘探意义[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):569-575.Meng Qinglong,Li Yuejun,Jing Bing,et al.Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):569-575.
[8]李勤英,阎育英,赵爱武.地震资料全三维精细构造解释技术研究[J].断块油气田,2001,8(1):16-19.Li Qinying,Yan Yuying,Zhao Aiwu.Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2001,8(1):16-19.
[9]黄中玉.多分量地震勘探的机遇和挑战[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):131-137.Huang Zhongyu.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):131-137.
[10]曲寿利,王鑫.国内外物探技术现状与展望[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Qu Shouli,Wangxin.Present situation and prospect of geophysical at home and abroad[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[11]Bahorich M S,Lopez J,Haskell N l,等.利用三维相干性进行地层和构造解释[C]//美国勘探地球物理学家学会第65届年会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Bahorich M S,Lopez J,Haskell N l,et al.Carry on Stratigraphic and structural interpretation by three-dimensional coherence[C]//American Society of Exploration Geophysicists65th Annual Meeting Proceedings.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[12]穆星.利用地震几何属性和自组织神经网络进行地震相的自动识别[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(3):109-112.Mu Xing.Geological Science and Technology Information,2005,24(3):109-112.
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