琼东南盆地深水区长昌凹陷构造演化及其对层序样式的控制
摘要
运用平衡剖面技术对长昌凹陷的3条典型地震测线进行平衡复原,揭示长昌凹陷不同构造演化阶段的同沉积构造活动及其所形成的古构造格架,通过对凹陷内次级古构造单元及其演化类型的识别,综合分析构造演化对层序样式的控制,构建研究区沉积层序综合演化模式。研究结果表明:长昌凹陷的构造格局依次经历了始新世-早渐新世断陷期、晚渐新世断坳转换期和新近纪坳陷期3个发展阶段,由此产生了3个具有不同古构造格架背景的盆地原型相互叠加。在裂陷Ⅰ幕和裂陷Ⅱ幕主要发育上倾坡脚型断裂陡坡带层序样式和多级陡坡断阶带层序样式,而裂陷Ⅲ幕发育下倾坡脚型断裂陡坡带层序样式和多级缓坡断阶带层序样式,在裂后热沉降阶段主要发育断裂型挠曲带层序样式以及少量下倾坡脚型断裂陡坡带层序样式,而裂后加速沉降阶段则发育简单挠曲带层序样式。与断坡带和挠曲带相关的大型低位三角洲、低位扇以及下切谷充填是长昌凹陷构造岩性或岩性油气藏的有利发育区。
The synsedimentary tectonic activities and ancient structural frameworks in different evolutionary stages of Chang-chang sag were revealed by the restoration of 3 seismic lines across Chang-chang sag using balanced cross-section technique.On the basis of recognition and redefinition of secondary ancient structural units and its evolutionary types in association with further comprehensive analysis of the controlling of structure evolution on sequence pattern,the sedimentary filling model of Chang-chang sag was established.The results show that the tectonic evolution of Chang-chang sag has experienced three stages,namely the faulted period during Eocene to early Oligocene,the faulted-depressed transition period during late Oligocene and the depression period during Neogene.Correspondingly,there are three superimposed basin prototypes with different structural frameworks in Chang-chang sag.In rifting episodeⅠand rifting episodeⅡ there were mainly updip-basalslope fault abrubt slope belt sequence pattern and step-fault abrubt slope belt sequence pattern,while in rifting episodeⅢ they gradually evolved to downdip-basalslope fault abrupt slope belt sequence pattern and step-fault gentle slope belt sequence pattern.And in the thermal subsidence period there were mainly faulting flexure belt sequence pattern and some downdip-basalslope fault abrubt slope belt sequence pattern,while in the accelerated subsidence period there was only simple flexure belt sequence pattern in Chang-chang sag.The large-scale low stand deltas,low stand fans and incised valley filling relating to fault slope belt and flexure belt should be favorable exploration areas of structural-lithologic reservoir and lithologic reservoir.
The synsedimentary tectonic activities and ancient structural frameworks in different evolutionary stages of Chang-chang sag were revealed by the restoration of 3 seismic lines across Chang-chang sag using balanced cross-section technique.On the basis of recognition and redefinition of secondary ancient structural units and its evolutionary types in association with further comprehensive analysis of the controlling of structure evolution on sequence pattern,the sedimentary filling model of Chang-chang sag was established.The results show that the tectonic evolution of Chang-chang sag has experienced three stages,namely the faulted period during Eocene to early Oligocene,the faulted-depressed transition period during late Oligocene and the depression period during Neogene.Correspondingly,there are three superimposed basin prototypes with different structural frameworks in Chang-chang sag.In rifting episodeⅠand rifting episodeⅡ there were mainly updip-basalslope fault abrubt slope belt sequence pattern and step-fault abrubt slope belt sequence pattern,while in rifting episodeⅢ they gradually evolved to downdip-basalslope fault abrupt slope belt sequence pattern and step-fault gentle slope belt sequence pattern.And in the thermal subsidence period there were mainly faulting flexure belt sequence pattern and some downdip-basalslope fault abrubt slope belt sequence pattern,while in the accelerated subsidence period there was only simple flexure belt sequence pattern in Chang-chang sag.The large-scale low stand deltas,low stand fans and incised valley filling relating to fault slope belt and flexure belt should be favorable exploration areas of structural-lithologic reservoir and lithologic reservoir.
引文
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[18]李绪宣,刘宝明,赵俊青.琼东南盆地古近纪层序结构、充填样式及生烃潜力[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):217-223.LI Xu-xuan,LIU Bao-ming,ZHAO Jun-qing.Paleogene sequence configuration,depositional filling pattern and hydrocarbon-generation potential in Qiongdongnan basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2007,19(4):217-223.
[19]颜丹平,田崇鲁,孟令波,等.伸展构造盆地的平衡剖面及其构造意义:以松辽盆地南部为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2003,28(3):275-280.YAN Dan-ping,TIAN Chong-lu,MENG Ling-bo,et al.Balanced Geological Section for Extensional Tectonic Basin and Its Implication:An Example from Southern Songliao Basin.Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(3):275-280.
[20]冯有良,徐秀生.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用-以渤海湾盆地古近系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):22-30.FENG You-liang,XU Xiu-sheng.Syndepositional structural slope-break zone controls on lithologic reservoirs:A case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):22-30.
[2]林畅松,刘景彦,张英志,等.构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析-以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):365-374.LIN Chang-song,LIU Jing-yan,ZHANG Ying-zhi,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and tectono-stratigraphic analysis of tectonically active basins:A case study on the Cenozoic-Mesozoic lacustrine basins in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):365-374.
[3]邓宏文,郭建宇,王瑞菊,等.陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):1-7.DENG Hong-wen,GUO Jian-yu,WANG Rui-ju,et al.Tectono-sequence stratigraphic analysis in continental faulted basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):1-7.
[4]Bryan D,Jason J.Tectonostratigraphy of the Nieuwerkerk Formation(Delfland subgroup),West Netherlands Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(10):1679-1707.
[5]Christian E D,Markus E S,Andreas Sch-fer.The northern Upper Rhine Graben:basin geometry and early syn-rift tectono-sedimentary evolution[J].Int J Earth Sci:Geol Rundsch,2005,94:640-656.
[6]nal M,Kaya M.Stratigraphy and tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence in the southern part of the Malatya Basin,East Anatolia,Turkey[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,29:878-890.
[7]Ravnas R,Steel R J.Architecture of marine rift basin successions[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82:110-146.
[8]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.构造坡折带-断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-265.LIN Chang-song,PAN Yuan-lin,XIAO Jian-xin,et al.Structural slope-break zone:key concept for Stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basins[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(3):260-266.
[9]冯有良.断陷湖盆沟谷及构造坡折对砂体的控制作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):13-16.FENG You-liang.Control of valley and tectonic slope-break zone on sand bodies in rift-subsidence basin[J].ACTA Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):13-16.
[10]王华,廖远涛,陆永潮,等.中国东部新生代陆相断陷盆地层序的构成样式[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(1):277-284.WANG Hua,LIAO Yuan-tao,LU Yong-chao,et al.Sequence architecture styles of Cenozoic continental rift basins in East China[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2010,41(1):277-284.
[11]黄传炎,王华,周立宏,等.黄骅坳陷涧南潜山构造演化对层序样式的控制[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(2):692-699.HUANG Chuan-yan,WANG Hua,ZHOU Li-hong,et al.Sequence pattern controlled by structural evolution of Jiannan buried-hill in Huanghua depression[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2010,41(2):692-699.
[12]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区-南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):16-20.ZHANG Gong-cheng,MI Li-jun,WU Shi-guo,et al.Deepwater area-the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].ACTA Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):16-20.
[13]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.ZHU Wei-lin,ZHANG Gong-cheng,GAO Le.Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in thenorthern continental margin basin of South China Sea[J].ACTA Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[14]陶维祥,何仕斌,赵志刚,等.琼东南盆地深水区储层分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(6):554-559.TAO Wei-xiang,HE Shi-bin,ZHAO Zhi-gang,et al.Reservoir distribution in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(6):554-559.
[15]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分布与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:1-98.GONG Zai-sheng,LI Si-tian,XIE Tai-jun,et al.Continental margin basin analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northern South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997:1-98.
[16]Vail P R,Bowman S A,Eisner P N,et al.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:An overview[C]//EINSELE.Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1991:617-659.
[17]邵磊,李昂,吴国瑄,等.琼东南盆地沉积环境及物源演变特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):548-551.SHAO Lei,LI Ang,WU Guo-xuan,et al.Evolution of sedimentary environment and provenance in Qiongdongnan Basin in the northern South China Sea[J].ACTA Petrol Ei Sinica,2010,31(4):548-551.
[18]李绪宣,刘宝明,赵俊青.琼东南盆地古近纪层序结构、充填样式及生烃潜力[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):217-223.LI Xu-xuan,LIU Bao-ming,ZHAO Jun-qing.Paleogene sequence configuration,depositional filling pattern and hydrocarbon-generation potential in Qiongdongnan basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2007,19(4):217-223.
[19]颜丹平,田崇鲁,孟令波,等.伸展构造盆地的平衡剖面及其构造意义:以松辽盆地南部为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2003,28(3):275-280.YAN Dan-ping,TIAN Chong-lu,MENG Ling-bo,et al.Balanced Geological Section for Extensional Tectonic Basin and Its Implication:An Example from Southern Songliao Basin.Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(3):275-280.
[20]冯有良,徐秀生.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用-以渤海湾盆地古近系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):22-30.FENG You-liang,XU Xiu-sheng.Syndepositional structural slope-break zone controls on lithologic reservoirs:A case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):22-30.
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