刚果扇盆地上中新世深水水道充填结构及演化特征
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摘要
深水水道作为深水油气勘探的主力储层,其内部结构及演化特征的研究对于深水油气田勘探和开发都具有非常重要的意义.基于钻井及3D地震资料,对刚果扇盆地上中新世深水水道的内部充填期次、结构和演化特征进行了分析.从层序地层学的角度出发,将研究区内的水道划分为多个不同级别层序格架内形成的水道单体和水道复合体,从而对切谷内部的水道期次和组成特征进行精细表述.研究表明,研究区内水道单体自下而上发育底部滞留、滑塌充填、侵蚀水道、加积水道、天然堤和废弃水道6种沉积微相类型,整体表现为流体能量逐步降低的过程;三级水道复合体形成于复杂的多期侵蚀-充填过程,受到海平面变化、坡度及重力流流变学特征的影响,纵向演化可划分为初始侵蚀、初始充填、加积充填、后期充填和水道废弃5个阶段,各阶段切谷内充填结构和水道平面展布特征呈现有规律的变化.
Deep-water channels are recognized as the very important hydrocarbon reservoir types in the oil industry.The research on the filling structure and evolution of deep water channel is very important for deep-water oil & gas exploration and development.In this paper,based on the well and 3D seismic data,the epoch,structure and evolution of Upper Miocene deep water channel in Congo Fan basin is analyzed.For the purposes of describing the internal architecture clearly,we divided the channels system into different grade channel complex and individual channel,which based on their sequence stratigraphic setting.Individual channel is mainly composed by 6 microfacies.From bottom to up,there are basal lags,slumps,eroded channels,stacked channels,levee,abandoned channels,which is the process of fluid energy gradually reducing;the 3th channel complex in the research area formed in a multi-stage process of erosion and filling.It can be divided into five evolution stages,including initial erosion stage,the initial filling stage,the stacking-filling stage,the later filling stage and the abandon stage.The different stages show the different filling architecture and distribution of 3th channel complex,which is controlled by the sea-level changes,the slope gradient and the rheological properties of gravity flow.
Deep-water channels are recognized as the very important hydrocarbon reservoir types in the oil industry.The research on the filling structure and evolution of deep water channel is very important for deep-water oil & gas exploration and development.In this paper,based on the well and 3D seismic data,the epoch,structure and evolution of Upper Miocene deep water channel in Congo Fan basin is analyzed.For the purposes of describing the internal architecture clearly,we divided the channels system into different grade channel complex and individual channel,which based on their sequence stratigraphic setting.Individual channel is mainly composed by 6 microfacies.From bottom to up,there are basal lags,slumps,eroded channels,stacked channels,levee,abandoned channels,which is the process of fluid energy gradually reducing;the 3th channel complex in the research area formed in a multi-stage process of erosion and filling.It can be divided into five evolution stages,including initial erosion stage,the initial filling stage,the stacking-filling stage,the later filling stage and the abandon stage.The different stages show the different filling architecture and distribution of 3th channel complex,which is controlled by the sea-level changes,the slope gradient and the rheological properties of gravity flow.
引文
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Mulder,T.,Syvitski,J.P.M.,Migeon,S.,et al.,2003.Marine hyperpycnal flows:initiation,behavior and relateddeposits(A review).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:861-882.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.01.003
Navarre,J.C.,Claude,D.,Librelle,F.,et al.,2002.Deepwater turbidite system analysis,West Africa:sedimentarymodel and implications for reservoir model construction.The Leading Edge,21(11):1132-1139.doi:10.1190/1.1523754
Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,Zhu,M.,et al.,2007.Frontier of thedeep water deposition study.Geological Review,53(1):36-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peakall,J.,McCaffrey,W.D.,Kneller,B.,2000.A processmodel for the evolution,morphology,and architecture ofsinuous submarine channels.Journal of SedimentaryResearch,70(3):434-448.doi:10.1306/2DC4091C0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D
Pirmez,C.,Imran,J.,2003.Reconstruction of turbidity currents in Amazon Channel.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:823-849.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.03.005
Posamentier,H.W.,2003.Depositional elements associatedwith a basin floor chanel-levee system:case study fromthe gulf of Mexico.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:677-690.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Prather,B.F.,2003.Controls on reservoir distribution,architecture and stratigraphic trapping in slope settings.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:529-545.
Schoellkopf,N.B.,Patterson,B.A.,2000.Petroleum systems of offshore Cabinda,Angola.Petroleum Systems of South Atlantic Margins,AAPG Memoir,73:361-376.
Weimer,P.,2004.Petroleum systems of deepwater settings.EAGE,Distinguished Instructor,7:470.
Wu,J.F.,Xu,Q.,Zhu,Y.H.,2010.Generation and evolution of the shelf-edge delta in oligocene and miocene ofBaiyun sag in the South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(4):681-690(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,G.H.,Yuan,S.Q.,Ma,Y.B.,et al.,2009.Deepwatermass transport deposition system of Huaguang depression,Qiongdongnan basin and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration.Earth Science—Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,34(3):471-476(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Yuan,S.Q.,Yao,G.H.,Lu,F.L.,et al.,2009.Features ofLate Cenozoic deepwater sedimentation in southernQiongdongnan basin,northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,20(1):172-179.
Zhang,S.L.,Deng,Y.H.,2009.Oil and gas exploration strategyof Lower Congo basin.Marine Geology Letters,25(9):24-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
蒋恕,王华,Weimer,P.,2008.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):825-833.
庞雄,陈长民,朱明,等,2007.深水沉积研究前缘问题.地质论评,53(1):36-43.
吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺,2010.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,35(4):681-690.
姚根顺,袁圣强,马玉波,等,2009.琼东南华光凹陷深水重力搬运沉积体系及其油气勘探.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,34(3):471-476.
张树林,邓运华,2009.下刚果盆地油气勘探策略.海洋地质动态,25(9):24-29.
Broucke,O.,Temple,F.,Rouby,D.,et al.,2004.The role ofdeformation processes on the geometry of muddominated turbiditic systems,Oligocene and LowerMiddle Miocene of the Lower Congo basin(West African margin).Marine and Petroleum Geology,21:327-348.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.11.013
Fonnesu,F.,2003.3Dseismic images of a low-sinuosityslope channel and related depositional lobe(West Africadeep-offshore).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20(68):615-629.
Gardner,M.H.,Borer,J.M.,2000.Submarine channel architecture along a slope to basin profile,Brushy CanyonFormation,West Texas.AAPG Memoir72/SEPMSpecial Publication,68:195-211.
Jiang,S.,Wang,H.,Weimer,P.,2008.Sequence stratigraphy characteristics and sedimentary elements in deepwater.Earth Science—Journal of China University ofGeosciences,33(6):825-833(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kneller,B.,2003.The influence of flow parameters on turbidite slope channel architecture.Marine and PetroleumGeology,20:901-910.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.03.001
Kolla,V.,Bourges,P.,Urrity,J.M.,et al.,2001.Evolutionof deep-water tertiary sinuous channels offshore Angola(West Africa)and implications to reservoir architecture.AAPG Bulletin,85:1373-1405.doi:10.1306/8626CAC3-173B-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Mayall,M.,Stewart,I.J.,2000.The architecture of turbiditeslope channels.GCSSEPM foundation20th annual research conference deep-water reservoirs of the world,Houston,578-586.
Mulder,T.,Syvitski,J.P.M.,Migeon,S.,et al.,2003.Marine hyperpycnal flows:initiation,behavior and relateddeposits(A review).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:861-882.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.01.003
Navarre,J.C.,Claude,D.,Librelle,F.,et al.,2002.Deepwater turbidite system analysis,West Africa:sedimentarymodel and implications for reservoir model construction.The Leading Edge,21(11):1132-1139.doi:10.1190/1.1523754
Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,Zhu,M.,et al.,2007.Frontier of thedeep water deposition study.Geological Review,53(1):36-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peakall,J.,McCaffrey,W.D.,Kneller,B.,2000.A processmodel for the evolution,morphology,and architecture ofsinuous submarine channels.Journal of SedimentaryResearch,70(3):434-448.doi:10.1306/2DC4091C0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D
Pirmez,C.,Imran,J.,2003.Reconstruction of turbidity currents in Amazon Channel.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:823-849.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.03.005
Posamentier,H.W.,2003.Depositional elements associatedwith a basin floor chanel-levee system:case study fromthe gulf of Mexico.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:677-690.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Prather,B.F.,2003.Controls on reservoir distribution,architecture and stratigraphic trapping in slope settings.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:529-545.
Schoellkopf,N.B.,Patterson,B.A.,2000.Petroleum systems of offshore Cabinda,Angola.Petroleum Systems of South Atlantic Margins,AAPG Memoir,73:361-376.
Weimer,P.,2004.Petroleum systems of deepwater settings.EAGE,Distinguished Instructor,7:470.
Wu,J.F.,Xu,Q.,Zhu,Y.H.,2010.Generation and evolution of the shelf-edge delta in oligocene and miocene ofBaiyun sag in the South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(4):681-690(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,G.H.,Yuan,S.Q.,Ma,Y.B.,et al.,2009.Deepwatermass transport deposition system of Huaguang depression,Qiongdongnan basin and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration.Earth Science—Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,34(3):471-476(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Yuan,S.Q.,Yao,G.H.,Lu,F.L.,et al.,2009.Features ofLate Cenozoic deepwater sedimentation in southernQiongdongnan basin,northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,20(1):172-179.
Zhang,S.L.,Deng,Y.H.,2009.Oil and gas exploration strategyof Lower Congo basin.Marine Geology Letters,25(9):24-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
蒋恕,王华,Weimer,P.,2008.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):825-833.
庞雄,陈长民,朱明,等,2007.深水沉积研究前缘问题.地质论评,53(1):36-43.
吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺,2010.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,35(4):681-690.
姚根顺,袁圣强,马玉波,等,2009.琼东南华光凹陷深水重力搬运沉积体系及其油气勘探.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,34(3):471-476.
张树林,邓运华,2009.下刚果盆地油气勘探策略.海洋地质动态,25(9):24-29.
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