断陷盆地斜坡带精细层序地层研究与勘探成效
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摘要
通过加强断陷盆地斜坡带层序地层研究,精细刻画沉积体系纵横向分布,创新构建油气成藏模式,发现落实地层岩性圈闭,有效地指导了冀中坳陷斜坡带地层岩性油藏勘探发现。以饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡为例,应用单井层序划分—连井层序对比—地震层序识别—层序发育模式构建等"四步"法,结合冀中坳陷全区层序地层统层结果,指出蠡县斜坡古近系层序发育不完整,下部的二级层序(Es4—Ek)和SQ1—SQ6等6个三级层序发育差,而中、上部的2个二级层序和SQ7—SQ13等7个三级层序发育较齐全,形成了独特的层序演化和沉积充填样式。SQ9、SQ10是主要勘探目的层段,以发育辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖沉积体系为特征,辫状河三角洲平原分流河道、前缘水下分流水道和滨浅湖滩坝砂体构成了有利储集体。依据有利储集相带与古地貌配置关系,结合地层岩性圈闭发育特点和油源条件,构建了潜山周缘超覆、台坡砂体上倾尖灭、低幅鼻隆透镜体等3种地层岩性油藏模式,指导蠡县斜坡中北段油气勘探发现了亿吨级规模石油储量,取得了良好勘探成效。
Based on the research of sequence stratigraphy,sedimentary systems distribution,petroleum accumulation models and lithostratigraphic traps,great exploration breakthrough of the lithostratigraphic reservoir has been achieved in the slope zone of Jizhong Depression.Here,a case study has been made in the Lixian Slope of Raoyang Sag."Four-step"method including sequence division of single well,sequence correlation of connecting well,identification of seismic sequence and construction of sequence models was applied to study the characteristics of sequence stratigraphy.In Lixian Slope,the result suggested that its sequence stratigraphy framework of paleogene was incomplete,compared with Jizhong Depression.Its lower second-order sequence and six third-order sequences,from SQ1to SQ6,were not developed well.But the other two secondorder sequences,the upper and middle sequences as well as its seven third-order sequences,from SQ7to SQ13,were developed completely.Accordingly,there is an incomplete vertical sequence evolvement and filling series from fault-subsidence to depression.Two third-order sequence,SQ9and SQ10consisting good sourcereservoir-seal assemblages and possessing agood oil-bearing properties,become the main exploration target zone.Two different sedimentary systems including braided delta and shallow-shore lacustrine were classified in SQ9and SQ10.Moreover,subaerial and subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies of braided delta plain and front as well as beach-bar sandbodies of shallow-shore lacustrine,developed in TST and HST,formed the main favourable reservoir.According to the relationship between the favorable reservoir-facies belt and palaeogeomorphology,as well as the characteristics of lithostratigraphic traps and source conditions,different petroleum accumulation models of lithostratigraphic reservoirs,such as stratigraphic overlap reservoir around of buried hills,sandbodies updip and pinchout reservoir in the"platform-slop"area,and lenticular reservoir around of low-amplitude nosing structures were established respectively.After drilling,more than a hundred million tons of oil reserves were discovered in the middle and north part of Lixian Slope.
Based on the research of sequence stratigraphy,sedimentary systems distribution,petroleum accumulation models and lithostratigraphic traps,great exploration breakthrough of the lithostratigraphic reservoir has been achieved in the slope zone of Jizhong Depression.Here,a case study has been made in the Lixian Slope of Raoyang Sag."Four-step"method including sequence division of single well,sequence correlation of connecting well,identification of seismic sequence and construction of sequence models was applied to study the characteristics of sequence stratigraphy.In Lixian Slope,the result suggested that its sequence stratigraphy framework of paleogene was incomplete,compared with Jizhong Depression.Its lower second-order sequence and six third-order sequences,from SQ1to SQ6,were not developed well.But the other two secondorder sequences,the upper and middle sequences as well as its seven third-order sequences,from SQ7to SQ13,were developed completely.Accordingly,there is an incomplete vertical sequence evolvement and filling series from fault-subsidence to depression.Two third-order sequence,SQ9and SQ10consisting good sourcereservoir-seal assemblages and possessing agood oil-bearing properties,become the main exploration target zone.Two different sedimentary systems including braided delta and shallow-shore lacustrine were classified in SQ9and SQ10.Moreover,subaerial and subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies of braided delta plain and front as well as beach-bar sandbodies of shallow-shore lacustrine,developed in TST and HST,formed the main favourable reservoir.According to the relationship between the favorable reservoir-facies belt and palaeogeomorphology,as well as the characteristics of lithostratigraphic traps and source conditions,different petroleum accumulation models of lithostratigraphic reservoirs,such as stratigraphic overlap reservoir around of buried hills,sandbodies updip and pinchout reservoir in the"platform-slop"area,and lenticular reservoir around of low-amplitude nosing structures were established respectively.After drilling,more than a hundred million tons of oil reserves were discovered in the middle and north part of Lixian Slope.
引文
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[13]谢宗奎.陆相断陷盆地低凸起斜坡带层序划分及其沉积充填演化特征:以埕岛东斜坡古近系为例[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):174-184.
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[15]Van Wagoner J C,Mitchun R M,Campion K M,et al.Si-赵贤正,卢学军,崔周旗,等/地学前缘(Earth Science Frontiers)2012,19(1)liciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and out-crops[J].AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,1990,7:1-8.
[16]邓宏文.高分辨率层序地层学应用中的问题探析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(5):471-480.
[17]纪友亮,杜金虎,赵贤正,等.冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷古近系层序地层学及演化模式[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):397-406.
[18]王晓付,王成善,冯子辉,等.陆相盆地充填类型及对烃源岩形成的控制作用:以松辽盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):192-200.
[19]王建,马顺平,罗强,等.渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷烃源岩再认识与资源潜力分析[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):51-55.
[20]姜在兴.沉积体系及层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(5):535-541.
[21]姜在兴,向树安,陈秀艳,等.淀南地区古近系沙河街组层序地层模式[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):931-938.
[22]罗彩珍,田世澄,李瑞民.冀中饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡北段古近系沙河街组沉积相及成藏有利区带[J].古地理学报,2009,11(6):697-701.
[23]王彦仓,秦凤启,金凤鸣,等.饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡三角洲前缘薄互层沙泥岩储层预测[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):59-63.
[24]李晓燕,金芳,杜维良,等.饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡岩性油藏勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):64-69.
[2]易士威.断陷盆地岩性地层油藏分布特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):38-41.
[3]崔周旗,李文厚,吴健平,等.乌里雅斯太凹陷斜坡带湖底扇相砾岩体沉积特征与隐蔽油藏勘探[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):21-28.
[4]崔周旗,李文厚,李莉,等.冀中饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡古近系沙河街组沙二段及沙一下亚段沉积相与隐蔽油藏[J].古地理学报,2005,7(3):373-381.
[5]赵贤正,金凤鸣,刘井旺,等.饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡中北段精细勘探与重要发现[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):8-15.
[6]田建章,李先平,崔永谦,等.断陷湖盆缓坡带岩性地层油藏模式及勘探实践[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):24-28.
[7]扬帆,于兴河,张峰,等.冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡带层序发育模式及主控因素[J].古地理学报,2010,12(1):82-89.
[8]国景星,袭著纲,赵晓颖,等.蠡县斜坡中北部沙二段—沙一段层序地层研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2010,32(6):33-40.
[9]朱如凯,白斌,刘柳红,等.陆相层序地层学标准化研究和岩相古地理:以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):131-143.
[10]梁宏斌,崔周旗,卢学军,等.冀中坳陷沉积演化与岩性油气藏勘探[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(增刊1):1-8.
[11]纪友亮,赵贤正,单敬福,等.冀中坳陷古近系沉积层序特征及其沉积体系的演化[J].沉积学报,2009,27(1):48-56.
[12]邓宏文,郭建宇,王瑞菊,等.陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):1-7.
[13]谢宗奎.陆相断陷盆地低凸起斜坡带层序划分及其沉积充填演化特征:以埕岛东斜坡古近系为例[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):174-184.
[14]Miall A D.Reconstructing the architecture and sequencestratigraphy of the preserved fluvial record as a tool for reser-voir development[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):989-1002.
[15]Van Wagoner J C,Mitchun R M,Campion K M,et al.Si-赵贤正,卢学军,崔周旗,等/地学前缘(Earth Science Frontiers)2012,19(1)liciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and out-crops[J].AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,1990,7:1-8.
[16]邓宏文.高分辨率层序地层学应用中的问题探析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(5):471-480.
[17]纪友亮,杜金虎,赵贤正,等.冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷古近系层序地层学及演化模式[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):397-406.
[18]王晓付,王成善,冯子辉,等.陆相盆地充填类型及对烃源岩形成的控制作用:以松辽盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):192-200.
[19]王建,马顺平,罗强,等.渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷烃源岩再认识与资源潜力分析[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):51-55.
[20]姜在兴.沉积体系及层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(5):535-541.
[21]姜在兴,向树安,陈秀艳,等.淀南地区古近系沙河街组层序地层模式[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):931-938.
[22]罗彩珍,田世澄,李瑞民.冀中饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡北段古近系沙河街组沉积相及成藏有利区带[J].古地理学报,2009,11(6):697-701.
[23]王彦仓,秦凤启,金凤鸣,等.饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡三角洲前缘薄互层沙泥岩储层预测[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):59-63.
[24]李晓燕,金芳,杜维良,等.饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡岩性油藏勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):64-69.
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