塔里木盆地巴楚隆起北缘阿恰基底卷入构造
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摘要
塔里木盆地巴楚隆起为第四系不整合覆盖的古隆起,在其西北缘发育NW走向的阿恰断裂、萨拉姆布拉克背斜、向斜和隐伏的乔来麦提断裂。地震剖面和钻井资料显示,阿恰断裂为倾向南的基底卷入逆冲断裂,向北逆冲,错断层位从前寒武系基底一直到中寒武统膏岩,从西向东逆冲断距减少。乔来麦提断裂则以中寒武统膏岩为滑动面,向南逆冲,并在断层端部发育萨拉姆布拉克断层扩展褶皱。这两种类型构造样式的断裂(基底卷入断裂和盖层滑脱断裂),在剖面上组成典型的楔形构造几何形态,平面上形成三角形构造。遥感影像解译指出阿恰断裂和萨拉姆布拉克向斜向北西方向延伸进入柯坪逆冲带,并在该带有相应方向的地表构造显现,与北东走向的柯坪逆冲带组成叠加构造。生长地层分析确定基底卷入构造形成于始新世—中新世,而柯坪逆冲带形成于第四纪,明显晚于巴楚隆起形成时代。
The Tarim Basin records the history of deposition and deformation affected by the Indian—Eurasia collision during the Cenozoic. The seismic data shows that the faulted rigid Bachu uplift, central Tarim, is a paleo-uplift covered by Quaternary deposits. NW-striking Aqia fault, Qiaolaimaiti fault and Salambulake syncline and anticline between them were developed on the north margin of the Bachu uplift, northward adjacent to Awati depression. Many seismic lines and well data show that the Aqia fault is a deep basement-involved, south-dipping thrust fault, and the shallow structures are both Qiaolaimaiti north-dipping thrust fault and Salambulake fold. The Aqia fault cuts through the Precambrian basement to the Middle Cambrian evaporates and its displacements decrease from west to east. Salambulake anticline is a fault—propagation fold controlled by the Qiaolaimaiti fault which develops from the main decollement layer of the Cambrian evaporates. The south-dipping basement-involved fault,north-dipping cover-detached fault and Salambulake anticline forms a typical wedge-shaped structure in profile and a triangular structural belt in map view. The Aqia fault and the Salambulake fold extend northwestwardly into the Kelpin thrust belt and forms the NW-striking surface structures superimposed by northeastern-striking deformation. The growth strata indicates that NW-striking wedge-shaped structure formed during Eocene to Miocene, which extends northwestwards into the Kelping thrust zone formed in the Quaternary.
The Tarim Basin records the history of deposition and deformation affected by the Indian—Eurasia collision during the Cenozoic. The seismic data shows that the faulted rigid Bachu uplift, central Tarim, is a paleo-uplift covered by Quaternary deposits. NW-striking Aqia fault, Qiaolaimaiti fault and Salambulake syncline and anticline between them were developed on the north margin of the Bachu uplift, northward adjacent to Awati depression. Many seismic lines and well data show that the Aqia fault is a deep basement-involved, south-dipping thrust fault, and the shallow structures are both Qiaolaimaiti north-dipping thrust fault and Salambulake fold. The Aqia fault cuts through the Precambrian basement to the Middle Cambrian evaporates and its displacements decrease from west to east. Salambulake anticline is a fault—propagation fold controlled by the Qiaolaimaiti fault which develops from the main decollement layer of the Cambrian evaporates. The south-dipping basement-involved fault,north-dipping cover-detached fault and Salambulake anticline forms a typical wedge-shaped structure in profile and a triangular structural belt in map view. The Aqia fault and the Salambulake fold extend northwestwardly into the Kelpin thrust belt and forms the NW-striking surface structures superimposed by northeastern-striking deformation. The growth strata indicates that NW-striking wedge-shaped structure formed during Eocene to Miocene, which extends northwestwards into the Kelping thrust zone formed in the Quaternary.
引文
蔡东升,卢华复,贾东,施央申.1996.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪造山带变形分析.见:童晓光,梁狄刚,贾承造.主编.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,131～138.
傅碧宏.1995.柯坪隆起的新构造运动变形及其卫星影像特征研究.新疆地质,13(3):283～290.
郭召杰,吴泰然,王冬,张志诚.2004.塔里木西北缘晚新生代印干断层及其与帕米尔构造结的关系.自然科学进展,14(9):1072～1076.
何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟.2000.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化.北京大学学报(自然科学版),36(7):539～546.
卢华复,贾东,蔡东升,吴世敏,陈楚铭,施央申,郭令智.1998.塔西北柯坪剪切挤压构造.高校地质学报,4(1):49～58.
曲国胜,李亦纲,陈杰,宁宝坤,李岩峰,李军,尹军平.2003.柯坪塔格推覆构造几何学、运动学及其构造演化.地学前缘,10(8):142～152.
汤良杰.1989.塔里木盆地东北地区断裂类型与油气远景.石油与天然气地质,10(1):45～52.
肖安成,杨树锋,王清华,陈汉林,谢会文,李日俊.2002.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区南北向断裂系统的空间对应性研究.地质科学,37(增刊):64～72.
肖安成,杨树锋,李曰俊,王清华,陈汉林,程晓敢.2005.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识.地质科学,2005,40(2):291～302.
谢晓安,胡素云,卢华复.1998.探讨塔里木盆地巴楚的正反转构造.地质论评,44(1):1～6。
杨庚,郭华.2003.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪逆冲构造带与巴楚隆起的叠加关系.铀矿地质,10(1):1～7.
杨庚.2003.塔里木盆地里木西北缘北西向古隆起的存在及油气勘探前景.新疆地质,21(2):157～162.
殷秀华,刘占坡,黎益仕.1996.塔里木盆地重力场与深部构造.见:童晓光,梁狄刚,贾承造.主编.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,178～187.
郑显华.1995.塔里木盆地西部巴楚一麦盖提地区石油地质特征及勘探建议.石油实验地质,17(2):114～120.
Allen M B,Vincent S J.1999.Late Cenozoic tectonics of Kepingtage thrust zone:implications of the Tian Shan(Tianshan Mts.)and Tarim Basin,northwest China:Tectonics,1(4):639～654.
Jachens R C,Griscom A,Roberts C W.1995.Regional extent of Great Valley basement west of the Great Valley,California:implications for extensive tectonic wedging in the California Coast Ranges.Journal of Geophysical Research,100(7):12769～12790.
Jadoon I A K,Frisch W.1997.Hinterland-vergent tectonic wedge below the Riwat Thrust,Himalayan foreland,Pakistan;implications for hydrocarbon exploration.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,81(3):438～448.
Lawton D C,Sukaramongkol C,Spratt D A.1996.Seismic characterization of a compound tectonic wedge beneath the rocky mountain foreland basin,Alberta.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,44(2):258～268.
Mcknight C L,Carrol A R,Chu J,Hendrix M S,Graham S A,Lyon R J P.1989.Stratigraphy and structure of the Kalpin uplift,Tarim Basin,northwest China.Seventh Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.Environmental Research Institute of Michigan,1085～1096.
Molnar P.and Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision.Science,189:419～426.
Narr W,Suppe J.1994.Kinematics of basement-involved structures.American Journal of Science,294:802～860.
Nishidai T,Berry J L.1990.Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the Tarim Basin.Journal of Petroleun Geology,13(1):35～38.
Reed D L,Silver E A.1995.Sediment dispersal and accretionary growth of the North Panama deformed belt:special paper.Geological Society of America,295:213～223.
Shaw J,Connors C,Suppe J.2004.Seismic interpretation of contractional fault-related folds.In:An AAPG Seismic Atlas Studies in Geology#53.Published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A.
Silver E A,Reed D.1988.Backthrusting in accretionary wedges.Journal of Geophysical Research,93(4):3116～3126.
Tapponnier P,Molnar P.1979.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tian Shan,Mongolia,and Baykal regions:Journal of Geophysical Research,84:3425～3459.
Torrini R Jr,Speed R.1989.Tectonic wedging in the forearc basin—accretionary prism transition,Lesser Antilles forearc.Journal of Geophysical Research,94(8):10549～10584.
Unruh J R,Loewen B A,Moores E M.1995.Progressive arcward contraction of a Mesozoic—Tertiary forearc basin,southwestern Sacramento Valley,California.Geological Society of America,107(1):38～53.
Wakabayashi J,Unruh J R.1995.Tectonic wedging,blueschist metamorphism,and exposure of blueschists;are they compatible?Geology(Boulder),23(1):85～88.
Wang Qinmin,Dhnuma T,Nishidai T.1993.Geological application of satellite imagery in the western Kalpin thrust belt,Tarim Basin(NW China).Proceeding of the Ninth Thematic Conference on Geological Remote Sensing,1993,vol.2:719～730.
Watson J B,Hayward A B,Parkinson D M,Zhang Zhimen.1987.Plate tectonic history,basin development and Petroleum source rock deposition onshore China sea.Marine Petroleum Geology,4:205～225.
Wentworth C M,Blake M C Jr,Jones D L,Walter A W,Zoback M D.1984.Tectonic wedging associated with emplacement of the Franciscan assemblage,California Coast Ranges.In:Blake M C.ed.Franciscan Geology of Northern California.Pacific Section,Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Field Trip Guidebook,43:163～173.
Westbrook G K,Ladd J W,Buhl P,Bangs M,Tiley J G.1988.Cross section of an accretionary wedge:Barbados Ridge Complex.Geology,16(2):631～635.
Yin An,Nie Shangyou,Craig P,Harrison T M,Ryerson F J,Qian Xianglin,Yang Geng.1998.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan(Tianshan Mts.).Tectonics,17(1):1～27.
傅碧宏.1995.柯坪隆起的新构造运动变形及其卫星影像特征研究.新疆地质,13(3):283～290.
郭召杰,吴泰然,王冬,张志诚.2004.塔里木西北缘晚新生代印干断层及其与帕米尔构造结的关系.自然科学进展,14(9):1072～1076.
何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟.2000.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化.北京大学学报(自然科学版),36(7):539～546.
卢华复,贾东,蔡东升,吴世敏,陈楚铭,施央申,郭令智.1998.塔西北柯坪剪切挤压构造.高校地质学报,4(1):49～58.
曲国胜,李亦纲,陈杰,宁宝坤,李岩峰,李军,尹军平.2003.柯坪塔格推覆构造几何学、运动学及其构造演化.地学前缘,10(8):142～152.
汤良杰.1989.塔里木盆地东北地区断裂类型与油气远景.石油与天然气地质,10(1):45～52.
肖安成,杨树锋,王清华,陈汉林,谢会文,李日俊.2002.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区南北向断裂系统的空间对应性研究.地质科学,37(增刊):64～72.
肖安成,杨树锋,李曰俊,王清华,陈汉林,程晓敢.2005.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识.地质科学,2005,40(2):291～302.
谢晓安,胡素云,卢华复.1998.探讨塔里木盆地巴楚的正反转构造.地质论评,44(1):1～6。
杨庚,郭华.2003.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪逆冲构造带与巴楚隆起的叠加关系.铀矿地质,10(1):1～7.
杨庚.2003.塔里木盆地里木西北缘北西向古隆起的存在及油气勘探前景.新疆地质,21(2):157～162.
殷秀华,刘占坡,黎益仕.1996.塔里木盆地重力场与深部构造.见:童晓光,梁狄刚,贾承造.主编.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,178～187.
郑显华.1995.塔里木盆地西部巴楚一麦盖提地区石油地质特征及勘探建议.石油实验地质,17(2):114～120.
Allen M B,Vincent S J.1999.Late Cenozoic tectonics of Kepingtage thrust zone:implications of the Tian Shan(Tianshan Mts.)and Tarim Basin,northwest China:Tectonics,1(4):639～654.
Jachens R C,Griscom A,Roberts C W.1995.Regional extent of Great Valley basement west of the Great Valley,California:implications for extensive tectonic wedging in the California Coast Ranges.Journal of Geophysical Research,100(7):12769～12790.
Jadoon I A K,Frisch W.1997.Hinterland-vergent tectonic wedge below the Riwat Thrust,Himalayan foreland,Pakistan;implications for hydrocarbon exploration.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,81(3):438～448.
Lawton D C,Sukaramongkol C,Spratt D A.1996.Seismic characterization of a compound tectonic wedge beneath the rocky mountain foreland basin,Alberta.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,44(2):258～268.
Mcknight C L,Carrol A R,Chu J,Hendrix M S,Graham S A,Lyon R J P.1989.Stratigraphy and structure of the Kalpin uplift,Tarim Basin,northwest China.Seventh Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.Environmental Research Institute of Michigan,1085～1096.
Molnar P.and Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision.Science,189:419～426.
Narr W,Suppe J.1994.Kinematics of basement-involved structures.American Journal of Science,294:802～860.
Nishidai T,Berry J L.1990.Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the Tarim Basin.Journal of Petroleun Geology,13(1):35～38.
Reed D L,Silver E A.1995.Sediment dispersal and accretionary growth of the North Panama deformed belt:special paper.Geological Society of America,295:213～223.
Shaw J,Connors C,Suppe J.2004.Seismic interpretation of contractional fault-related folds.In:An AAPG Seismic Atlas Studies in Geology#53.Published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A.
Silver E A,Reed D.1988.Backthrusting in accretionary wedges.Journal of Geophysical Research,93(4):3116～3126.
Tapponnier P,Molnar P.1979.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tian Shan,Mongolia,and Baykal regions:Journal of Geophysical Research,84:3425～3459.
Torrini R Jr,Speed R.1989.Tectonic wedging in the forearc basin—accretionary prism transition,Lesser Antilles forearc.Journal of Geophysical Research,94(8):10549～10584.
Unruh J R,Loewen B A,Moores E M.1995.Progressive arcward contraction of a Mesozoic—Tertiary forearc basin,southwestern Sacramento Valley,California.Geological Society of America,107(1):38～53.
Wakabayashi J,Unruh J R.1995.Tectonic wedging,blueschist metamorphism,and exposure of blueschists;are they compatible?Geology(Boulder),23(1):85～88.
Wang Qinmin,Dhnuma T,Nishidai T.1993.Geological application of satellite imagery in the western Kalpin thrust belt,Tarim Basin(NW China).Proceeding of the Ninth Thematic Conference on Geological Remote Sensing,1993,vol.2:719～730.
Watson J B,Hayward A B,Parkinson D M,Zhang Zhimen.1987.Plate tectonic history,basin development and Petroleum source rock deposition onshore China sea.Marine Petroleum Geology,4:205～225.
Wentworth C M,Blake M C Jr,Jones D L,Walter A W,Zoback M D.1984.Tectonic wedging associated with emplacement of the Franciscan assemblage,California Coast Ranges.In:Blake M C.ed.Franciscan Geology of Northern California.Pacific Section,Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Field Trip Guidebook,43:163～173.
Westbrook G K,Ladd J W,Buhl P,Bangs M,Tiley J G.1988.Cross section of an accretionary wedge:Barbados Ridge Complex.Geology,16(2):631～635.
Yin An,Nie Shangyou,Craig P,Harrison T M,Ryerson F J,Qian Xianglin,Yang Geng.1998.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan(Tianshan Mts.).Tectonics,17(1):1～27.
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