中国近海富烃凹陷油气成藏特征
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摘要
富烃凹陷是当今油气勘探的主战场,中国近海已发现的油气储量主要集中在14个富烃凹陷中。利用钻井、测井、地震及化验测试等资料,结合最新油气勘探成果,从温压系统、储盖组合、热流体活动及油气输导与聚集等方面分析、总结了中国近海典型已证实富烃凹陷的油气成藏特征。研究表明:中国近海富烃凹陷深层超压普遍发育,地温梯度高,复合型温压系统构成,为油气成藏提供了充足的动力;主力储层物性好,发育1～2套优质的区域性盖层,至少存在2套有利的储盖组合;发育多种类型的烃类包裹体,油气主成藏期集中,并存在快速幕式充注现象;发育高效优势输导体系、多种圈闭与油气藏类型,存在多种油气成藏模式,油气呈带状差异富集与分布。
The hydrocarbon-rich depression is the main object for hydrocarbon exploration at present.Most discovered hydrocarbon reserves in offshore China are distributed in 14 hydrocarbon-rich depressions.By using the data of drilling,well logging,seismic and testing and combined with the newest results of petroleum exploration,the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics,such as geotemperature-geopressure system,reservoir-caprock assemblage,thermal fluid activity and petroleum conduit and accumulation,of some typical verified hydrocarbon-rich depression in offshore China have been studied.The research indicates that the hydrocarbon-rich depressions in offshore China usually develop overpressure in deep formations with high geothermal gradient and multiple geotemperature-geopressure system in vertical,which can provide enough driving force for its hydrocarbon accumulation.It has at least two favourable reservoir-caprock assemblages with a good reservoir property and one or two excellent regional seals.These depressions often developed many kinds of hydrocarbon inclusions,and had an unify hydrocarbon accumulation period accompanying fluid episodic filling rapidly.The hydrocarbon-rich depressions in offshore China existed predominant conduit system with high efficience,many kinds of trap and pool and multiple hydrocarbon accumulation models,and its hydrocarbons were enriched differently in a banded distribution pattern.
The hydrocarbon-rich depression is the main object for hydrocarbon exploration at present.Most discovered hydrocarbon reserves in offshore China are distributed in 14 hydrocarbon-rich depressions.By using the data of drilling,well logging,seismic and testing and combined with the newest results of petroleum exploration,the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics,such as geotemperature-geopressure system,reservoir-caprock assemblage,thermal fluid activity and petroleum conduit and accumulation,of some typical verified hydrocarbon-rich depression in offshore China have been studied.The research indicates that the hydrocarbon-rich depressions in offshore China usually develop overpressure in deep formations with high geothermal gradient and multiple geotemperature-geopressure system in vertical,which can provide enough driving force for its hydrocarbon accumulation.It has at least two favourable reservoir-caprock assemblages with a good reservoir property and one or two excellent regional seals.These depressions often developed many kinds of hydrocarbon inclusions,and had an unify hydrocarbon accumulation period accompanying fluid episodic filling rapidly.The hydrocarbon-rich depressions in offshore China existed predominant conduit system with high efficience,many kinds of trap and pool and multiple hydrocarbon accumulation models,and its hydrocarbons were enriched differently in a banded distribution pattern.
引文
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[20]郝芳,蔡东升,邹华耀,等.渤中坳陷超压-构造活动联控型流体流动与油气快速成藏[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):518-524.
[21]施和生,朱俊章,邱华宁,等.利用自生伊利石激光加热40Ar-39Ar定年技术探讨惠州凹陷新近系油气充注时间[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):290-295.
[22]项华,周心怀,魏刚,等.渤海海域锦州25-1南基岩古潜山油气成藏特征分析[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(5):32-35.
[2]龚再升.中国近海大油气田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:7-63.
[3]陈云林.论富油洼陷及其意义[J].勘探家,1999,4(2):8-11.
[4]袁选俊,谯汉生.渤海湾盆地富油气凹陷隐蔽油气藏勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):130-133.
[5]高瑞祺.青年勘探家论渤海湾盆地石油地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:165-180.
[6]赵文智,邹才能,汪泽成,等.富油气凹陷“满凹含油”论:内涵与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):5-14.
[7]翟光明,何文渊.从区域构造背景看我国油气勘探方向[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(2):1-8.
[8]李小地.中国大油气田的分布特征与发现前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(2):127-130.
[9]牛嘉玉,吴小洲,方杰,等.富油气凹陷勘探潜力、领域与重点区带分析[C]∥中国石油勘探与生产分公司.渤海湾盆地油气勘探论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:44-57.
[10]贾承造,赵政璋,杜金虎,等.中国石油重点勘探领域:地质认识、核心技术、勘探成效及勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):385-396.
[11]朱伟林,米立军,龚再升,等.渤海海域油气成藏与勘探[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:142-225.
[12]文志刚,刁帆,周东红,等.中国东部断陷盆地富油气凹陷评价体系探讨[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(2):1-5.
[13]Price L C,Wenger L M.The influence of pressure on petrole-um generation and maturation as suggested by aqueous pyroly-sis[J].Organic Geochemistry,1992,19(1/3):141-159.
[14]Dahlberg E C.Applied hydrodynamics in petroleum explora-tion[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1995.
[15]Hao Fang,Li Sitian,Dong Weiliang,et al.Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea:Implication for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration fromoverpressured system[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21(4):427-444.
[16]McTavish R A.The role of overpressure in the retardation oforganic matter maturation[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21(2):153-186.
[17]Banga T,Capuano R M,Bissada K K.Petroleum generationin the southeast Texas Basin:Implications for hydrocarbon oc-currence at the South Liberty salt dome[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(7):1257-1291.
[18]Zuo Yinhui,Qiu Nansheng,Zhang Yuan,et al.Geothermalregime and hydrocarbon kitchen evolution of the offshore BohaiBay Basin,North China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(5):749-769.
[19]张洋,叶加仁,王子嵩,等.珠江口盆地番禺4洼超压发育特征及演化历史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(4):171-177.
[20]郝芳,蔡东升,邹华耀,等.渤中坳陷超压-构造活动联控型流体流动与油气快速成藏[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):518-524.
[21]施和生,朱俊章,邱华宁,等.利用自生伊利石激光加热40Ar-39Ar定年技术探讨惠州凹陷新近系油气充注时间[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):290-295.
[22]项华,周心怀,魏刚,等.渤海海域锦州25-1南基岩古潜山油气成藏特征分析[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(5):32-35.
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