泥石流流速横向分布特征与防治工程结构优化
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摘要
以往研究表明,泥石流流速在沟道横断面上分布不均,但目前尚无理论依据,国内现行相关规范暂时建议在泥石流拦挡坝、排导槽等防治工程设计时,流速、荷载按均布考虑,这与实际的受荷情况有所差别,从而导致防治工程局部稳定性偏小,极易发生工程失效。为此,基于冲淤平衡原理、流体均质假设及沟道横断面形状的合理简化,结合雨洪修正法与形态断面法相关原理,演绎了沟道横断面任意位置流速计算公式的推导过程,并获取了泥石流流速的横向分布的非线性特征。通过四川省地震灾区理县甲司口沟泥石流防治工程的实例分析,发现横向上泥石流的中泓线流速与两侧流速相差达到300%。据此对拦砂坝进行了结构优化设计,在确保功能的前提下,提高了坝体稳定性系数约20%,节约了工程造价约5%。
Former researches indicate that the distribution of debris flow velocity is laterally asymmetrical.Due to a lack of a theoretical basis on it,velocity and load have to be calculated on uniform state advised by current design regulations when the debris flow dam and drainage canal are designed.It is different to the practical status,which may lead to the engineering failure due to the poor partial stability.Therefore,based on deposition-erosion equilibrium,isotropic fluid hypothesis and reasonable simplification for debris flow's gully cross-section,the nonlinearity features of debris flow velocity's lateral distribution was proposed by deducting the deducing process of the velocity calculation formula at any cross-section.With the instance analysis of debris flow mitigation and control work at earthquake-stricken areas in Lixian,Sichuan province,we found that the debris flow velocity at channel line is triple the one at either side,and conducted the structural optimization design for debris dam on the premise of ensuring its function,reducing the risk of the dam break and instability of debris dam,which would rise the dam stability coefficient by 20%,and save the engineering cost by 5%.
Former researches indicate that the distribution of debris flow velocity is laterally asymmetrical.Due to a lack of a theoretical basis on it,velocity and load have to be calculated on uniform state advised by current design regulations when the debris flow dam and drainage canal are designed.It is different to the practical status,which may lead to the engineering failure due to the poor partial stability.Therefore,based on deposition-erosion equilibrium,isotropic fluid hypothesis and reasonable simplification for debris flow's gully cross-section,the nonlinearity features of debris flow velocity's lateral distribution was proposed by deducting the deducing process of the velocity calculation formula at any cross-section.With the instance analysis of debris flow mitigation and control work at earthquake-stricken areas in Lixian,Sichuan province,we found that the debris flow velocity at channel line is triple the one at either side,and conducted the structural optimization design for debris dam on the premise of ensuring its function,reducing the risk of the dam break and instability of debris dam,which would rise the dam stability coefficient by 20%,and save the engineering cost by 5%.
引文
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[17]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ-T0239-2004泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国国土资源部,2006.
[18]王继康.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:80-81.
[2]徐林荣,王磊,苏志满.隧道工程遭受泥石流灾害的工程易损性评价[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2153-2158.XU Lin-rong,WANG Lei,SU Zhi-man.Assessment ofengineering vulnerability of tunnel suffering from debrisflow[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2153-2158.
[3]陈洪凯,唐红梅,马永泰,等.公路泥石流研究及治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:108-121.
[4]陈洪凯,唐红梅,陈野鹰.泥石流固液分相流速计算方法研究[J].应用数学和力学,2006,27(3):357-364.CHEN Hong-kai,TANG Hong-mei,CHEH Ye-ying.Research on method to calculate velocities of solid phaseand liquid phase in debris flow[J].Applied Mathematicsand Mechanics,2006,27(3):357-364.
[5]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:170-180.
[6]吴积善,康志成,田连权,等.云南蒋家沟泥石流观测研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:141-164.
[7]周必凡.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:65-70.
[8]王继康.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:61-64.
[9]KOCH T.Testing of various constitutive equations fordebris flow modeling[C]//Hydrology,Water Resourcesand Ecology in Headwaters.Merano:IAHS Publ.,1998.
[10]TAKAHASI T,SAWADA T,SUWA H,et al.IAHRmonography series[C].The Netherlands:BalkemaPublishers,1991.
[11]PWRI,Technical standard for measures against debrisflow(Draft)[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1988:48.
[12]RICKENMANN D.Debris flows 1987 in Switzerland:Modelling and sediment transport[C]//Proceedings of TwoLausanne symposia.[S.l.]:RIAHS Publisher,1990.
[13]韦方强,胡凯衡.泥石流流速研究现状与发展方向[J].山地学报,2009,27(9):545-550.WEI Fang-qiang,HU Kai-heng.Review and trends ondebris flow velocity research[J].Journal of MountainScience,2009,27(9):545-550.
[14]康志成,李焯芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:159-162.
[15]康志成.云南东川蒋家沟黏性泥石流流速分析[C]//中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所集刊(4).北京:科学出版社,1984:108-118.
[16]TECCA P R,DEGANUTTI A M,GENEVOIS R,et al.Velocity distributions in a coarse debris flow[C]//RICKENMANN D,CHEN C.Debris flow HazardsMitigation:Mechanics,Prediction,and Assessment.Rotterdam:[s.n.],2003:905-916.
[17]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ-T0239-2004泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国国土资源部,2006.
[18]王继康.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:80-81.
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