台西南盆地岩石圈伸展及裂后沉降特征分析
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摘要
计算有效弹性厚度和不同尺度的拉张因子,并结合裂后的沉积记录可以反映一个伸展性盆地的形成演化特征.运用基于弹性梁模型和挠曲均衡原理的二维构造模拟软件重点对横穿台西南盆地的一条地震地质剖面进行模拟.分析结果表明:1.5km为台西南盆地最合适的有效弹性厚度;岩石圈尺度的拉张因子在1.2～4.8之间,上地壳尺度的拉张因子在1.0～1.2之间,全地壳尺度的拉张因子在1.1～3.0之间,岩石圈伸展具有横向的非均质性和深度的依赖性;台西南盆地裂后阶段受陆架坡折形成、东沙运动两期构造运动影响较大,不同于典型伸展性盆地裂后沉降模式,沉降特征无明显规律性.
The effective elastic thickness,different scales of extension factors and post-rift subsidence are important in reflecting characteristics of an extensional basin.2D structural simulation softwares based on the flexure isostasy model and the flexural cantilever mode were employed to model the interpreted seismic profiles across Taixinan Basin.Results show that the appropriate effective elastic thickness value in Taixinan basin is 1.5 km.The extension is characterized by the lateral heterogeneity and depth-dependence of lithospheric extension in Taixinan Basin,the extension factor changing between 1.2 and 4.8 in lithosphere,between 1.2 and 2.9 in the whole crust,and between 1.0 and 1.2 in the upper crust.Being different from subsidence characteristics of a classical extensional basin,the post-rift subsidence rate in Taixinan Basin is not of obvious regularity,which is mainly affected by the formation of slope and Dongsha tectonic movement.
The effective elastic thickness,different scales of extension factors and post-rift subsidence are important in reflecting characteristics of an extensional basin.2D structural simulation softwares based on the flexure isostasy model and the flexural cantilever mode were employed to model the interpreted seismic profiles across Taixinan Basin.Results show that the appropriate effective elastic thickness value in Taixinan basin is 1.5 km.The extension is characterized by the lateral heterogeneity and depth-dependence of lithospheric extension in Taixinan Basin,the extension factor changing between 1.2 and 4.8 in lithosphere,between 1.2 and 2.9 in the whole crust,and between 1.0 and 1.2 in the upper crust.Being different from subsidence characteristics of a classical extensional basin,the post-rift subsidence rate in Taixinan Basin is not of obvious regularity,which is mainly affected by the formation of slope and Dongsha tectonic movement.
引文
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[26]赵中贤,周蒂,廖杰,等.珠江口盆地陆架区岩石圈伸展模拟及裂后沉降分析[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1135.ZHAO Zhongxian,ZHOU Di,LIAO Jie,et al.Lithosphericstretching modeling of the continental shelf in the Pearl RiverMouth basin and analysis of post-breakup subsidence[J].ActaGeologic Sinica.2010,84(8):1135.
[27]佟殿君,任建业,雷超,等.琼东南盆地深水区岩石圈伸展模式及其对裂后期沉降的控制[J].中国地质大学学报,2009,34(6):963.TONG Dianjun,REN Jianye,LEI Chao,et al.Lithospherestretching model of deep water in Qiongdongnan basin,northern continental margin of South China Sea,andcontrolling of the post-rift subsidence[J].Acta GeoscienticaSinica,2009,34(6):963.
[28]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚,等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785.HAO Tianyao,HUANG Song,XU Ya,et al.Comprehensivegeophysical research on the deep structure of NortheasternSouth China Sea[J].Geophysics,2008,51(6):1785.
[29]Xie X N,Muller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomaloussubsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and itsrelationship to dynamic topography[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2006,23,745.
[2]Allen P A,Allen J R.Basin analysis[M].[S.l.]:BlackwellPublishing,2005.
[3]McKenzie D P.Some remarks on the development ofsedimentary basins[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1978,40:25.
[4]Wernicke B.Uniform-sense simple shear of the continentallithosphere[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Science,1985,22:108.
[5]Kusznir N J,Marsden G.,Egan S S.A flexural cantileversimple shear/pure shear model of continental extension[J].Geological Society,1991,56:41.
[6]Kusznir N J,Ziegler P A.The mechanics of continentalextension and sedimentary basin formation:a simple-shear/pure-shear flexural cantilever model[J].Tectonophysics,1992,215:117.
[7]Yao B C,Hayes D E.Lithospheric deformation under the effectof an extensional stress field[J].Geological Society of China,1998,41:517.
[8]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,PENG Dajun,et al.The PearlRiver deep-water fan system and petroleum in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[9]Lin A T,Watts A B.Origin of West Taiwan Basin by orogenicloading and flexure of a rifted continental margin[J].Fournal ofGeophysical Research,2002,107(B9):2185.
[10]Clift P,Lin J,Barckhausen U.Evidence of low flexuralrigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust duringcontinental break up in the South China Sea[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology.2002,19:951.
[11]曹洁冰,周祖翼,吴能友,等.曾母盆地西部岩石圈特征与有效弹性厚度:来自构造模拟的约束[J].大地构造与找矿学,2005,29(3):377.CAO Jiebin,ZHOU Zuyi,WU Nengyou,et al.Lithosphericcharacteristics and effective elastic thickness of westernZengmu Basin,South China Sea:constraints from tectonicmodeling[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2005,29(3):377.
[12]董冬冬,王大伟,张功成,等.珠江口深水区新生代构造沉积演化[J].中国石油大学学报,2009,33(5):17.DONG Dongdong,WANG Dawei,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution of deepwater area,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of China University ofPetroleum,2009,33(5):17.
[13]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.GONG Zaisheng,LI Sitian,XIE Taijun,et al.Continentalmarginal basins analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation of thenorthern South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.
[14]Westaway.Re-evaluation of extension across the Pearl RiverMouth basin,South China Sea—implications for continentallithosphere deformation mechanisms[J].Journal of StructuralGeology,1994,16(6):823.
[15]Zhou D,Ru K,Chen H Z.Kinematies of Cenozoic extension onthe South China Sea continental margin and its implications forthe tectonic evolution of the region[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1):161.
[16]Ding W W,Li J B,Li M B,et al.A Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary model of the Tainan Basin,the South China Sea:evidence from a multi-channel seismic profile[J].Journal ofZhejiang University Science,2008,9(5):702.
[17]杜德莉.台西南盆地的构造演化与油气藏组合分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(3):5.DU Deli.Tectonic evolution and analysis of oil-gasaccumulation in Southwest Taiwan basin[J].Marine Geologyand Quaternary Geology,1994,14(3):5.
[18]易海,钟广见,马金凤.台西南盆地新生代断裂特征与盆地演化[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(6):560.YI Hai,ZHONG Guangjian,MA Jinfeng.Fracturecharacteristics and basin evolution of the Taixinan basin inCenozoic[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2007,29(6):560.
[19]Davis M,Kusznir N.Depth-dependent lithospheric stretchingat rifted continental margins[C]∥Proceedings of NSF riftedmargins theoretical institute.New York:Columbia UniversityPress,2004,92-137.
[20]张云帆,孙珍,周蒂,等.南海北部陆缘新生代地壳减薄特征及其动力学意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(12):1609.ZHANG Yunfan,SUN Zhen,ZHOU Di,et al.Stretchingcharacteristics and ite dynamic significiance of the northerncontinental margin of South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D):Earth Science,2007,37(12):1609.
[21]Roberts A M,Yielding G.Deformation around basin-marginfaults in the North Sea/Norwegian rift[J].Geological Society,London:Special Publications,1991,56:61.
[22]Roberts A M,Yielding G,Kusznir N J,et al.Mesozoicextension in the North Sea:constraints from flexuralbackstripping,forward modelling and fault populations[C]∥Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe,Proceedings of theFourth Conference:London:Geological Society of London,1993,1123-1136.
[23]Roberts A M,Yielding G,Kusznir N J,et al.Quantitativeanalysis of Triassic extension in the Northern Viking Graben[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1995,152:15.
[24]Nadin P A,Kusznir N J.Palaeocene uplift and Eocenesubsidence in the northern North Sea Basin from2D forwardand reverse stratigraphic modeling[J].Journal of theGeological Society,1995,152:833.
[25]张中杰,刘一峰,张素芳,等.琼东南盆地地壳伸展深度依赖性及其动力学[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):57.ZHANG Zhongjie,LIU Yifeng,ZHANG Sufang,et al.Thedepth-dependence of crustal extension beneath Qiongdongnanbasin area and its tectonic implication[J].Geophysics,2010,53(1):57.
[26]赵中贤,周蒂,廖杰,等.珠江口盆地陆架区岩石圈伸展模拟及裂后沉降分析[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1135.ZHAO Zhongxian,ZHOU Di,LIAO Jie,et al.Lithosphericstretching modeling of the continental shelf in the Pearl RiverMouth basin and analysis of post-breakup subsidence[J].ActaGeologic Sinica.2010,84(8):1135.
[27]佟殿君,任建业,雷超,等.琼东南盆地深水区岩石圈伸展模式及其对裂后期沉降的控制[J].中国地质大学学报,2009,34(6):963.TONG Dianjun,REN Jianye,LEI Chao,et al.Lithospherestretching model of deep water in Qiongdongnan basin,northern continental margin of South China Sea,andcontrolling of the post-rift subsidence[J].Acta GeoscienticaSinica,2009,34(6):963.
[28]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚,等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785.HAO Tianyao,HUANG Song,XU Ya,et al.Comprehensivegeophysical research on the deep structure of NortheasternSouth China Sea[J].Geophysics,2008,51(6):1785.
[29]Xie X N,Muller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomaloussubsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and itsrelationship to dynamic topography[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2006,23,745.
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