黔南坳陷构造运动与流体响应及油气保存
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摘要
根据地表地质特征和地震构造解释分析,认为黔南坳陷印支期前主要为东西向构造为主,印支运动不强烈,中侏罗世以后,黔南坳陷存在两幕构造变形和长期构造抬升,同时根据变形特征,以贵定向斜为界,东为厚皮冲断变形区,西为薄皮冲褶变形区;在显生宙构造运动背景下,黔南坳陷经历了加里东期、海西期、印支-燕山-喜山期3期7幕水文地质旋回,燕山-喜山期是黔南坳陷油气保存的主要破坏期,通过对研究区流体包裹体和方解石脉进行研究,认为古流体受大气降水影响显著,古大气水下渗深度东深西浅的特征严格受黔南坳陷燕山期断裂构造控制;结合构造和古流体响应研究可知,构造因素是控制黔南坳陷油气保存的关键因素,坳陷中薄皮冲褶变形区的长顺-龙里-平塘-甲青地区是黔南坳陷中油气保存条件最好的地区,并且推断冲褶变形区燕山期向西的逆冲-褶皱递进变形中的主滑脱层之下的地层是油气勘探的重点.
Surficial geologic features and geophysical data interpretation showed that EW-trending structure was developed since Caledonian to Hercynian;Indosinian movement was weak;two stage deformations existed and experienced a very long time to be uplifted and erosion after middle Jurassic.Furthermore,study area can be divided into two deformation region based on deformation feature,east to guiding syncline is thick-skinned thrust deformation region and thin-skinned fault-realtion fold deformation region is west to the certain syncline.On background of tectonic movement of Phanerozoic,Southern Guizhou depression experienced three stages which are Caledonian,Hercynian and Indosinian-Yanshannian-Himalayan,and 7 episode hydrogeological cycles.Yanshan-Himalayan movement was a key factor to the damage of hydrocarbon preservation,and the depression suffered a strong uplift and erosion in this period.The study of calcite pulses and fluid inclusions,ancient atmospheric water play an important role to ancient fluid.The plane distribution feature of palae-meteoric water infiltration depth which is deeper in the east and shallower in the west was dominated by the fault features in Yanshan period.Combining structure features with ancient fluid response to the tectonic event,structure is the domination factor for the damage of hydrocarbon preservation.As a whole,hydrocarbon preservation conditions in the thin-skinned fault-relation fold deformation region of Changshun-Longli-Pingtang-Jiaqing are relatively favorable,and the strata under the leading detachment in this region are the potential exploring strata.
Surficial geologic features and geophysical data interpretation showed that EW-trending structure was developed since Caledonian to Hercynian;Indosinian movement was weak;two stage deformations existed and experienced a very long time to be uplifted and erosion after middle Jurassic.Furthermore,study area can be divided into two deformation region based on deformation feature,east to guiding syncline is thick-skinned thrust deformation region and thin-skinned fault-realtion fold deformation region is west to the certain syncline.On background of tectonic movement of Phanerozoic,Southern Guizhou depression experienced three stages which are Caledonian,Hercynian and Indosinian-Yanshannian-Himalayan,and 7 episode hydrogeological cycles.Yanshan-Himalayan movement was a key factor to the damage of hydrocarbon preservation,and the depression suffered a strong uplift and erosion in this period.The study of calcite pulses and fluid inclusions,ancient atmospheric water play an important role to ancient fluid.The plane distribution feature of palae-meteoric water infiltration depth which is deeper in the east and shallower in the west was dominated by the fault features in Yanshan period.Combining structure features with ancient fluid response to the tectonic event,structure is the domination factor for the damage of hydrocarbon preservation.As a whole,hydrocarbon preservation conditions in the thin-skinned fault-relation fold deformation region of Changshun-Longli-Pingtang-Jiaqing are relatively favorable,and the strata under the leading detachment in this region are the potential exploring strata.
引文
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[17]杨光忠.黔东南剪切带金矿的分布规律与成矿模式[J].贵州地质,2005,22(4):236-241.YANG Guang-zhong.Distribution laws and metallo-genic models for the gold deposits in the shear zone ofSoutheastern Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2005,22(4):236-241.
[2]张国伟,郭安林,董云鹏,等.大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):1-12.ZHANG Guo-wei,GUO An-lin,DONG Yun-peng,etal.Continental geology,tectonics and dynamics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(3):1-12.
[3]马力,陈焕疆,甘克文,等.中国南方大地构造和海相油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:567-757.
[4]马永生,楼章华,郭彤楼,等.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件综合评价技术体系探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):406-417.MA Yong-sheng,LOU Zhang-hua,GUO Tong-lou,et al.An exploration on a technological system of petroleum pres-ervation evaluation for marine strata in South China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(3):406-417.
[5]崔敏,汤良杰,郭彤楼,等.黔南地区古生代正断层对构造特征的制约[J].现代地质,2009,23(3):409-413.CUI Min,TANG Liang-jie,GUO Tong-lou,et al.Constraints of paleozoic normal faults on structural char-acteristics in South Guizhou[J].Geoscience,2009,23(3):409-413.
[6]高道德,张士从,毕坤,等.黔南岩溶研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1986:1-385.
[7]金宠,李三忠,王岳军,等.雪峰陆内复合构造系统印支—燕山期构造变形的递变、穿时特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(5):598-697.JIN Chong,LI San-zhong,WANG Yue-jun,et al.Diachronous and progressive deformation during theindosinian-yanshanian movements of the Xuefeng intra-continental tectonic system[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2009,30(5):598-697.
[8]秦守荣,张明发,龚梅,等.贵州的印支运动[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2009,29(2):100-103.QIN Shou-rong,ZHANG Ming-fa,GONG Mei,et al.Indosinian movement in Guizhou[J].Sedimentary Geol-ogy and Tethyan Geology,2009,29(2):100-103.
[9]徐政语,姚根顺,郭庆新,等.黔南坳陷构造变形特征及其成因解析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,37(1):20-31.XU Zheng-yu,YAO Gen-shun,GUO Qing-xin,et al.Genetic interpretation about geotectonics and structuraltransfiguration of the southern Guizhou depression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,37(1):20-31.
[10]韩世庆,王守德,胡惟元.黔东麻江古油藏的发现及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1982,3(4):316-326.HAN Shi-qing,WANG Shou-de,HU Wei-yuan.Thediscovery of a paleopool in majiang and its geologicalsignificance[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1982,3(4):316-326.
[11]CRAIG H.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J].Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[12]UREY H C,LOWENSTAM H,EPSTEIN S,et al.Measurement of paleotemperatures and temperatures ofthe upper cretaceous of England,Denmark and theSoutheastern United States[J].Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin,1951,62(4):299.
[13]SHACKLETON N J.Attainment of isotopic equilibri-um between ocean water and the benthonic foraminiferarenus Uvigerina;istopic changes in the ocean during thelast glacial[C]∥Centre National de la Recherche Scien-tifique Colloquim.Paris:[s.n.],1974:203-210.
[14]金宠.雪峰陆内构造系统逆冲推滑体系[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.JIN Chong.Thrust and decollement system of the Xue-feng intracontinental tectonic system[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.
[15]楼章华,马永生,郭彤楼,等.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件评价[J].天然气工业,2006,26(8):8-11.LOU Zhang-hua,MA Yong-sheng,GUO Tong-lou,etal.Evaluation of oil and gas preservation conditions inmarine formation in South China[J].Nature GasIndustry,2006,26(8):8-11.
[16]张元志.雪峰运动在贵州天柱的表现形式[J].贵州地质,1995,13(1):3-36.ZHANG Yuan-zhi.Effect of Xuefeng orogeny onTianzhu region,Southeast Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geol-ogy,1995,13(1):3-36.
[17]杨光忠.黔东南剪切带金矿的分布规律与成矿模式[J].贵州地质,2005,22(4):236-241.YANG Guang-zhong.Distribution laws and metallo-genic models for the gold deposits in the shear zone ofSoutheastern Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2005,22(4):236-241.
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