塔里木盆地关键构造变革期不整合特征及其地质意义
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摘要
塔里木盆地自奥陶纪以来,先后经历了加里东中期Ⅰ幕、加里东中期Ⅲ幕、海西早期、海西晚期、印支期、燕山中期及燕山晚期--喜马拉雅期等7次关键构造变革期,并且形成7个重要不整合界面,这些不整合具有各自不同的类型和特征。通过地震剖面识别、测井分析和岩心观察等手段分析,认为这些不整合面现今在盆地内主要表现为平行不整合、叠合不整合、褶皱不整合、断褶不整合、古岩溶和古侵蚀不整合。随着盆地的演化,这些不整合面在几何形态、空间位置和时间上不断发生变化。根据这些变化,认为塔里木盆地这些主要不整合在几何形态上具有叠合、复合特征,空间上具有分层、差异的特征,时间上表现为迁移特征。不整合与所经历的构造运动强弱,剥蚀时间长短,沉积时的气候、环境有着密切关系。
Tarim Basin suffered seven key tectonic revolution stages since Ordovician,including the episode Ⅰ of middle Caledonian,episode Ⅲ of middle Caledonian,early Hercynian,late Hercynian,Indo-Chinese,middle Yanshan and late Yanshan-Himalayan,and generated seven important unconformities with different types and characteristics.Through seismic profile recognition,logging analysis and core observation,the authors considered that these unconformities appeared in parallel,superimposed,folded,fault-folded,ancient karst and palaeo-erosion unconformities in type.Associated with the evolution of the Tarim Basin,unconformities changed constantly in geometric shape,space and time.According to these changes,the authors considered that the unconformities were characterized by superimposition and composition in geometric shape,lamination and difference in space,and migration in time.The unconformities characteristics in Tarim Basin had close relationship with tectonic movement,erosion time and palaeo-sedimentary environment.
Tarim Basin suffered seven key tectonic revolution stages since Ordovician,including the episode Ⅰ of middle Caledonian,episode Ⅲ of middle Caledonian,early Hercynian,late Hercynian,Indo-Chinese,middle Yanshan and late Yanshan-Himalayan,and generated seven important unconformities with different types and characteristics.Through seismic profile recognition,logging analysis and core observation,the authors considered that these unconformities appeared in parallel,superimposed,folded,fault-folded,ancient karst and palaeo-erosion unconformities in type.Associated with the evolution of the Tarim Basin,unconformities changed constantly in geometric shape,space and time.According to these changes,the authors considered that the unconformities were characterized by superimposition and composition in geometric shape,lamination and difference in space,and migration in time.The unconformities characteristics in Tarim Basin had close relationship with tectonic movement,erosion time and palaeo-sedimentary environment.
引文
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[2]Jaimes E,Freitas M.An Albian-Cenomanian uncon-formity in the northern Andes:evidence and tectonic sig-nificance[J].Journal of South American Earth Sci-ences,2006,21:466-492.
[3]Paulsen T S,Demosthenous C M,Myrow P M,et al.Paleostrain stratigraphic analysis of calcite twins acrossthe Cambrian--Ordovician unconformity in the TethyanHimalaya,Spiti and Zanskar valley regions,India[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,31:44-54.
[4]Young G M,Caldwell W G E.A new look at an old un-conformity:field and geochemical data from JamesHutton's original unconformity on the isle of Arran,Scot-land[J].Proceedings of Geologists'Association,2009,120:65-75.
[5]Tamura I,Yamazaki H.Significance of the remarkableunconformity in the Plio-Pleistocene of the JapaneseIslands[J].Quaternary International,2010,219:45-54.
[6]吴孔友,查明,柳广弟.准噶尔盆地二叠系不整合面及其油气运聚特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):53,54.WU Kong-you,ZHA Ming,LIU Guang-di.The uncon-formity surface in the Permian of Junggar Basin and thecharacters of oil-gas migration and accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,29(2):53,54.
[7]马玉春,王璞珺,田纳新,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系古潜山的地球物理特征和控制因素[J].世界地质,2004,23(2):138-143.MA Yu-chun,WANG Pu-jun,TIAN Na-xin,et al.Geo-logical-geophysical signatures and controlling factors ofthe Ordovician buried hills in central Tarim Basin[J].world Geology,2004,23(2):138-143.
[8]杨勇,査明,洪太元,等.不整合分类研究进展与新型分类方案[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(3):288-293.YANG Yong,ZHA Ming,HONG Tai-yuan,et al.Typesof unconformities and their classification[J].Journal ofStratigraphy,2007,31(3):288-293.
[9]赵卫卫,查明,吴孔友,等.柴达木盆地东部地区不整合与油气成藏的关系[J].地质学报,2008,82(2):247,248.ZHAO Wei-wei,ZHA Ming,WU Kong-you,et al.Rela-tionship between unconformity and hydrocarbon accumula-tion in the eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2008,82(2):247,248.
[10]孙雄,洪汉净,马宗晋.构造应力作用下流体运动的动力学分析—构造流体动力学[J].地球学报,1998,19(2):150-157.SUN Xiong,HONG Han-jing,MA Zong-jin.The influ-ence of structure stress on fluid movement-structure fluiddynamics[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1998,19(2):150-157.
[11]姜振学,庞雄奇,金之钧,等.地层抬升过程中的砂体回弹作用及其油气成藏效应[J].地球科学,2004,29(4):421-425.JIANG Zhen-xue,PANG Xiong-qi,JIN Zhi-jun,et al.Realtionship between pore variation of reservoir and re-bounding of sandstone during uplift and its application tothe Daqing oilfield[J].Earth Science,2004,29(4):421-425.
[12]程日辉,林畅松,刘景彦.盆地研究中不整合成因分析[J].世界地质,1998,17(3):23-27.CHENG Ri-hui,LIN Chang-song,LIU Jing-yan.The a-nalysis of unconformity origin in the sedimentary basin[J].World Geology,1998,17(3):23-27.
[13]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21.HE Deng-fa.Unconformities and oil and gas accumula-tion in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(3):14-21.
[14]何登发.不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):142-148.HE Deng-fa.Structure of unconformity and its control onhydrocarbon accumulation[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2007,34(2):142-148.
[15]吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):101-105.WU Ya-jun,ZHANG Shou-an,AI Hua-guo.The un-conformity types and their relations with oil/gas reser-voirs in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1998,19(2):101-105.
[16]王伟华,吕修祥.塔里木盆地不整合分布与油气的关系[C]//油气成藏机理及油气资源评价国际研讨会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1997:93-97.WANG Wei-hua,LU Xiu-xiang.The Relationship be-tween distribution of unconformities and hydrocarbonshows in Tarim Basin[C]//International Symposiumon Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism and PetroleumResource Evaluation.Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1997:93-97.
[17]赵靖舟,庞雯.满加尔凹陷西部地区不整合分布与构造运动[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(2):149-153.ZHAO Jing-zhou,PENG Wen.Unconformity distribu-tion and tectonic movement in the western area of theManjiaer depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experi-ment,2001,23(2):149-153.
[18]高志前,樊太亮,刘忠宝,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系关键不整合性质论证及其对储层的影响[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(4):567-569.GAO Zhi-qian,FAN Tai-liang,LIU Zhong-bao,et al.Demonstration on key Ordovician unconformity ofTazhong area in Tarim Basin and its influence on reser-voirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(4):567-569.
[19]陈新军,蔡希源,纪友亮,等.塔中奥陶系大型不整合面与风化壳岩溶发育[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2007,5(8):1122-1127.CHEN Xin-jun,CAI Xi-yuan,JI You-liang,et al.Re-lationship between large scale unconformity surface andweathering crust karst of Ordovician in Tazhong[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science Edition,2007,5(8):1122-1127.
[20]邓胜徽,黄智斌,景秀春,等.塔里木盆地西部奥陶系内部不整合[J].地质评论,2008,54(6):741-747.DENG Sheng-hui,HUANG Zhi-bin,JING Xiu-chun,et al.Unconformities in the Ordovician of western TarimBasin,NW China[J].Geological Review,2008,54(6):741-747.
[21]刘景彦,林畅松,彭丽,等.构造不整合的分布样式及其对地层圈闭的制约———以塔里木盆地中泥盆世末为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):268-275.LIU Jing-yan,LIN Chang-song,PENG Li,et al.Distri-bution patterns of the Middle Devonian tectonic uncon-formity and their constrain on the development and dis-tribution of favorable stratigraphic traps in the Tarim Ba-sin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):268-275.
[22]林畅松,杨海军,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地古生代中央隆起带古构造地貌及其对沉积相发育分布的制约[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(3):306-316.LIN Chang-song,YANG Hai-jun,LIU Jing-yan,et al.Central uplift of Paleozoic paleo-tectonic geomorphologyand its constraint sedimentary facies on development anddistribution,Tarim Basin[J].Science in China(Ser.D),2009,39(3):306-316.
[23]汤良杰,黄太柱,金文正,等.叠合盆地差异构造变形与油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):13-20.TANG Liang-jie,HUANG Tai-zhu,JIN Wen-zheng,etal.Differential deformation and hydrocarbon accumula-tion in the superimposed basins[J].Earth ScienceFrontiers,2009,16(4):13-20.
[24]张克银,艾国华,吴亚军.碳酸盐岩顶部不整合面结构层及控油意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5):16-19.ZHANG Ke-yin,AI Guo-hua,WU Ya-jun.Characteris-tics and oil-controlling significance of unconformitystructure layer on top of carbonate rock[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,1996,23(5):16-19.
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