基于GIS的西藏林芝地区泥石流易发与危险区分析
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摘要
西藏林芝地区是我国泥石流灾害最为严重的地区之一,特别是近年来受全球气候变化的影响,冰川融化速度加快,冰川融水型泥石流灾害频频发生,危害严重。自2011年6月中旬开始,对该地区泥石流做了系统调查,并以遥感与GIS作为数据获取与分析处理的技术手段。首先分析了地质、地貌、冰川活动、气候、地震单因子对林芝地区泥石流易发区的影响并给出了相应的易发区区划结果;其次,以主导因素分析原则对单因子进行综合叠加得到该地区泥石流易发区分区结果;最后,在易发区的基础上考虑区域内的威胁对象进行空间运算叠加得到该区域泥石流危险区,并针对性地提出了区域泥石流防灾减灾的建议。
Nyingchi is one of the most dangerous regions threatened by debris flows in China.Under the influence of globe warming,the melting rate of glacier has accelerated,leading to the frequent initiation of glacier-melting debris flow,which is severely hazardous.Since the middle of June,2011,the authors had carried out systematic investigation about debris flow in Nyingchi,and took remote sensing and GIS as the technical methods for the acquisition of data.First of all,it is analyzed that the individual factors including geology,geomorphology,glacial actions,climate,and earthquake had the important influence on debris flow-prone area,and homologous result was gotten.Secondly,we obtained debris flow-prone area result of Nyingchi through superimposing individual factors according to principle-leading factor analysis.At last,we obtained dangerous area through spatial operation based on debris flow-prone area considering threat object in Nyingchi,based on specific advice on disaster prevention which we proposed.
Nyingchi is one of the most dangerous regions threatened by debris flows in China.Under the influence of globe warming,the melting rate of glacier has accelerated,leading to the frequent initiation of glacier-melting debris flow,which is severely hazardous.Since the middle of June,2011,the authors had carried out systematic investigation about debris flow in Nyingchi,and took remote sensing and GIS as the technical methods for the acquisition of data.First of all,it is analyzed that the individual factors including geology,geomorphology,glacial actions,climate,and earthquake had the important influence on debris flow-prone area,and homologous result was gotten.Secondly,we obtained debris flow-prone area result of Nyingchi through superimposing individual factors according to principle-leading factor analysis.At last,we obtained dangerous area through spatial operation based on debris flow-prone area considering threat object in Nyingchi,based on specific advice on disaster prevention which we proposed.
引文
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[2]童立强,祈生文,刘春玲.喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害发育规律初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(6):721-729.
[3]朱平一,何子文,汪阳春,等.川藏公路典型山地灾害研究[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.
[4]罗德富,毛济周.川藏公路南线(西藏境内)山地灾害及防治对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[5]吕儒仁,唐邦兴,朱平一.西藏泥石流与环境[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.
[6]胡桂胜,陈宁生,邓明枫,等.西藏林芝地区泥石流类型及形成条件分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):193-197.
[7]刘希林,莫多闻.泥石流风险性评价[M].成都:四川科学出版社,2003.
[8]陈宁生.泥石流勘察技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:188-190.
[9]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境所.泥石流研究与防治[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989.
[10]程尊兰,刘晶晶,刘建康.西藏扎墨公路泥石流特点[J].山地学报,2011,29(增刊):13-17.
[11]张明华.西藏墨脱公路断裂构造遥感分析及信息提取[J].国土资源遥感,2006(1):56-61.
[12]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:5-26.
[13]周必凡.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:10-25.
[14]唐邦兴.中国泥石流[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000:43-58.
[15]Chen N S,Zhou W,Yang C L,et al.The processesand mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation forgravel soil with different clay content[J].Geomorphol-ogy,2010,121(3/4):222-230.
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