塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸中生界底界不整合及其油气勘探意义
摘要
雅克拉断凸中生界底界是一个长期发育的重要不整合面,其上、下地层差异变形很大。通过解释雅克拉断凸三维地震资料,并结合钻井、区域地质资料以及该地区地层展布特征,依据不整合的成因机制及其形态的主控因素,将与该反射界面有关的不整合类型划分为非整合、削截、超覆和岩溶不整合。非整合主要分布在东、西部,其所在地区中生界下伏地层被全部剥蚀,分布最广;削截不整合的单斜区、皱褶区和断皱区从西至东依次分布于中、西部区域;超覆不整合沿雅克拉断凸南翼分布;岩溶不整合主要分布在上古生界被全部剥蚀而出露碳酸盐岩的中、西部区域。不整合对油气成藏有重要意义,既可作为油气运移的良好通道,也可改善储集层条件,还可形成大量圈闭。综合分析各类不整合特征及其分布规律,发现其因该地区"东强西弱"构造变形强度所导致。
Mesozoic bottom boundary in Yakela Faulted upliftt is an important unconformity developed for a long geologic time,and its overlying and underlying formations are quite different in deformation manner.Based on interpretation of 3D seismic data in the Yakela faulted uplift,combining with well data,regional geology and regional strata distribution characteristics,the types of unconformities related to this reflector can be divided into nonconformity,truncation unconformity,overlap unconformity and karst unconformity according to their formation mechanisms and main factors controlling geometry.The nonconformities mainly occur in the eastern and western parts,where the pre-Mesozoic deposits were denuded completely.The monocline area,fold area and fault-fold area of truncation unconformity exsit in the middle and western parts of the Yakela faulted uplift from west to east.The overlap unconformity distributes along south climb of the Yakela faulted upliftt.The karst unconformity mainly distributes in the central and western parts,where the upper Palaeozoic was eroded completely and carbonates expose.The unconformities are of great significance for hydrocarbon accumulation as they can act as migration pathway,improve reservoir conditions and create lots of traps.Comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and distribution patterns of various unconformities in this area reveals that they are the results of tectonic deformations strong in the east and weak in the west of the Yakela faulted uplift.
Mesozoic bottom boundary in Yakela Faulted upliftt is an important unconformity developed for a long geologic time,and its overlying and underlying formations are quite different in deformation manner.Based on interpretation of 3D seismic data in the Yakela faulted uplift,combining with well data,regional geology and regional strata distribution characteristics,the types of unconformities related to this reflector can be divided into nonconformity,truncation unconformity,overlap unconformity and karst unconformity according to their formation mechanisms and main factors controlling geometry.The nonconformities mainly occur in the eastern and western parts,where the pre-Mesozoic deposits were denuded completely.The monocline area,fold area and fault-fold area of truncation unconformity exsit in the middle and western parts of the Yakela faulted uplift from west to east.The overlap unconformity distributes along south climb of the Yakela faulted upliftt.The karst unconformity mainly distributes in the central and western parts,where the upper Palaeozoic was eroded completely and carbonates expose.The unconformities are of great significance for hydrocarbon accumulation as they can act as migration pathway,improve reservoir conditions and create lots of traps.Comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and distribution patterns of various unconformities in this area reveals that they are the results of tectonic deformations strong in the east and weak in the west of the Yakela faulted uplift.
引文
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[2]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21.He Dengfa.Unconformities and oil and gas accumulation in Ta-rim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(3):14-21.
[3]周小军,林畅松,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地主要构造不整合的分布特征及其与对油气成藏的控制作用[J].新疆石油天然气,2006,2(1):1-4.Zhou Xiaojun,Lin ChangSong,Liu Jingyan,et al.Distributionand pattern of major tectonic unconformities in the Tarim Basinand the relationship between gas-oil reservoir and these uncon-formities[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2006,2(1):1-4.
[4]何碧竹,许志琴,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地构造不整合成因及对油气成藏的影响[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):253-265.He Bizhu,Xu Zhiqin,Jiao Cunli,et al.Tectonic unconformitiesand their forming:Implication for hydrocarbon accumulations inTarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):253-265.
[5]吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):101-105.Wu Yajun,Zhang Shouan,Ai Huaguo.The unconformity typesand their relations with oil/gas reservoirs in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1998,19(2):101-105
[6]艾华国,兰林英,张克银,等.塔里木盆地前上二叠统顶面不整合特征及其控油意义[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(2):7-12.Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Zhang Keyin,et al.Characteristics andoil/gas controlling significances of unconformities on the top ofsub-upper Permian[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institu-te,1997,19(2):7-12.
[7]艾华国,兰林英,王筠,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸前中生界不整合面之下下奥陶统白云岩储层特征[J].地质学报,1999,73(4):342-349.Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Wang Jun,et al.The reservior charac-teristics of lower Ordovician dolomites below pre-Mesozoic un-conformity in Yakela Fault-convex,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geo-logica Sinica,1999,73(4):342-349.
[8]张一伟,金之钧,刘国臣,等.塔里木盆地环满加尔地区主要不整合形成过程及剥蚀量研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):449-457.Zhang Yiwei,Jin Zhijun,Liu Guochen,et al.Study on the for-mation of unconformities and the amount of eroded sedimenta-tion in Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontier,2000,7(4):449-457.
[9]张响响,林畅松,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地草湖凹陷古生界上泥盆统底和三叠系底构造不整合面剥蚀量估算[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):331-333.Zhang Xiangxiang,Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,et al.Evalua-tion of denudation of structural unconformable surface for Paleo-zoic upper Devonian bottom and Permian bottom in Caohu de-pression of Tarim Basin.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):331-333
[10]孙晓猛,郝福江,程日辉,等.塔里木盆地东北缘盖层不整合序列及其构造演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(3):450-457.Sun Xiaomeng,Hao Fujiang,Cheng Rihu,et al.Sequence ofunconformities and tectonic evolution of The covers at thenortheast margin of the Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jilin Univer-sity(Earth Science Edition),2007,37(3):450-457.
[11]刘景彦,林畅松,彭丽,等.构造不整合的分布样式及其对地层圈闭的制约—以塔里木盆地中泥盆世末为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):268-275.Liu Jingyan,Lin Changsong,PengLi,et al.Distribution patternsof the end of the Middle Devonian tectonic unconformity andtheir constrain on the development and distribution of favorablestratigraphic traps in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):268-275.
[12]Lv Xiuxiang,Li Jianjiao,Zhao Fengyun,et al.North-south dif-ferentiation of the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of carbon-ate reservoirs in the Yingmaili low uplift,Tarim Basin,North-west China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):499-508.
[13]耿玉海,李江海,贺电.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部圈闭类型、分布及空间组合规律[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(2):193-200.Geng yuhai,Li Jianghai,He Dian.Trap types,distribution andthe law of spatial combination in the west tabei uplift,TarimBasin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinen-sis,2008,44(2):193-200.
[14]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolu-tion and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in thenorthern Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Etm Etallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[15]周新桂,孙宝珊,徐宏节,等.雅克拉—轮台地区变形特征及控油作用研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):33-40.Zhou Xingui,Sun Baoshan,Xu Hongjie,et al.Tectonic deform-ation of yakerla-luntai region in north Tarim Basin and its con-trol on oil/gas accumulation[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):33-40.
[16]程海艳,李江海,赵星.塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):314-321.Cheng Haiyan,Li Jianghai,Zhao Xing.Paleozoic structuralstyles and evolution of the north Tarim Uplift[J].Geology InChina,2009,36(2):314-321.
[17]于慧玲,马慧民,王蓉英.天山南地区前中生界油气成藏条件与勘探前景[J].中国西部油气地质,2007,3(1):22-26.Yu Huiling,Ma Huimin,Wang Rongying.Conditions of pre-Mesozoic hydrocarbon accumulation and analysis of favorableexploration targets in south-Tianshan block[J].West China Pe-troleum Geosciences,2007,3(1):22-26.
[18]吕修祥,周新源,李建交,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1057-1064.Lv Xiuxiang,Zhou Xinyuan,Li Jianjia,et al.Hydrocarbon ac-cumulation characteristics of the carbonate rock in the northernuplift of the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1057-1064.
[19]张朝军,贾承造,李本亮,等.塔北隆起中西部地区古岩溶与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(3):263-269.Zhang Chaojun,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang,et al.Ancient karstsand hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle and western partsof the north Tarim uplift,NW China[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2010,37(3):263-269.
[20]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔北地区下奥陶统白云岩热液重结晶作用及其油气储集意义[J].中国科学(地球科学),2010,40(2):156-170.Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan.Hydrothermal recrystal-lization of the lower Ordovician dolomite and its significance toreservoir in northern Tarim Basin[J].Science China(EarthScience),2010,40(2):156-170.
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