多参数综合识别塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩成因
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摘要
塔里木盆地下古生界广泛发育白云岩,其成因主要可以用萨布哈白云石化、渗透回流白云石化、埋藏白云石化和热液白云石化4种模式来解释。萨布哈白云岩发育于潮间—潮上坪蒸发环境,以含膏泥晶白云岩为特征;渗透回流白云岩发育于蒸发台地(或潟湖)环境,以保留原岩结构的粉晶白云岩为特征;埋藏白云岩发育于埋藏环境的各个阶段,以细—中晶白云岩为特征;热液白云岩以伴生热液矿物的中—粗晶白云岩为特征。不同成因类型的白云岩形成于不同的成岩环境和阶段,具有不同的岩石学、地球化学和地球物理响应特征。通过大量岩心、薄片和主量元素、碳氧同位素、锶同位素、稀土元素等地球化学数据的细致研究,再结合测井、地震响应特征、古地理、古气候、构造背景等资料,系统总结了塔里木盆地下古生界4种成因白云岩的多参数识别特征,通过综合分析能较好地克服成因多解性问题。
Massive dolomites are widely distributed in Lower Palaeozoic of Tarim Basin,northwest China.The genesis of these dolomites can be attributed to four dolomitization models,i.e.,sabkha model,seepage-reflux model,burial model and hydrothermal model.The sabkha dolomites occurred in an evaporitic intertidal-supertidal environment and featured the deposits of gypsum-bearing dolomicrites.The seepage-reflux dolomites occurred in an evaporite platform(lagoon) environment and featured crystal powder dolomites with the original rock structure.The burial dolomites were developed in multi-stage burial environment,characterized by the fine-medium crystalline dolomites.The hydrothermal dolomites featured medium-coarse crystalline dolomites,which were associated with hydrothermal minerals.The dolomites that differed in the genesis were developed in various diagenetic environments and stages,showing different characteristics in terms of petrography,geochemistry and geophysical response.This study summarized the multi-parameter identification of four genesis models of Lower Palaeozoic dolomite in Tarim Basin based on the detailed study of massive cores,thin sections and geochemical data of major elements,carbon and oxygen isotopes,strontium isotopes and rare earth elements,in combination with comprehensive analysis of well logging,seismic response characteristics,paleogeography,paleoclimate and tectonic setting,etc.This methodology overcomes the multiple solutions of dolomite genesis by comprehensive analysis.
Massive dolomites are widely distributed in Lower Palaeozoic of Tarim Basin,northwest China.The genesis of these dolomites can be attributed to four dolomitization models,i.e.,sabkha model,seepage-reflux model,burial model and hydrothermal model.The sabkha dolomites occurred in an evaporitic intertidal-supertidal environment and featured the deposits of gypsum-bearing dolomicrites.The seepage-reflux dolomites occurred in an evaporite platform(lagoon) environment and featured crystal powder dolomites with the original rock structure.The burial dolomites were developed in multi-stage burial environment,characterized by the fine-medium crystalline dolomites.The hydrothermal dolomites featured medium-coarse crystalline dolomites,which were associated with hydrothermal minerals.The dolomites that differed in the genesis were developed in various diagenetic environments and stages,showing different characteristics in terms of petrography,geochemistry and geophysical response.This study summarized the multi-parameter identification of four genesis models of Lower Palaeozoic dolomite in Tarim Basin based on the detailed study of massive cores,thin sections and geochemical data of major elements,carbon and oxygen isotopes,strontium isotopes and rare earth elements,in combination with comprehensive analysis of well logging,seismic response characteristics,paleogeography,paleoclimate and tectonic setting,etc.This methodology overcomes the multiple solutions of dolomite genesis by comprehensive analysis.
引文
[1]郑和荣,吴茂炳,邬兴威,等.塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):1-8.Zheng Herong,Wu Maobing,Wu Xingwei,et al.Oil-gas explora-tion prospect of dolomite reservoir in the Lower Paleozoic of Ta-rim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):1-8.
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[4]钱一雄,尤东华.塔中地区西北部奥陶系白云岩(化)成因分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):146-150.Qian Yixiong,You Donghua.An analysis of Ordovician dolomitisationorigin in northwestern Tazhong area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geolo-gy,2006,27(2):146-150.
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[7]陈永权,周新源,杨文静.塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩的主要成因及其储层评价[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(4):10-17.Chen Yongquan,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Wenjing.Genesis of Cam-brian dolostone and the reservoir evaluation in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(4):10-17.
[8]沈安江,郑剑锋,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层类型及特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(4):1-9.Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Pan wenqing,et al.Types and thecharacteristics of Lowe paleozoic dolostone reservois in TarimBasin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(4):1-9.
[9]郑荣才,党录瑞,郑超,等.川东-渝北黄龙组碳酸盐岩储层的成岩系统[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):237-245.Zheng Rongcai,Dang Lurui,Zheng Chao,et al.Diagenetic systemof carbonate reservoir in Huanglong formation from east Sichuanto north Chongqing area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):237-245.
[10]赵俊兴,陈洪德,张锦泉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五段白云岩成因机理研究[J].石油学报,2005,26(5):38-47.Zhao Junxing,Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinquan,et al.Genesis ofdolomite in the fifth member of Majiagou Formation in the mid-dle Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(5)38-45.
[11]Butler G P.Evaporate deposition and geochemistry of coexistingbrines,the sabkha,Trucial Coast,Arabian Gulf[J].Journal ofSedimentary Petrology,1969,39:70-89.
[12]Mckenzie J A.Holocene dolomitization of calcium carbonate sedi-ments from the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi,UAE:a stable iso-tope study[J].Journal of Geology,1981,89:185-198.
[13]Haas J,Demeny A.Early dolomitisation of Late Triassic platformcarbonates in the Transdanubian Range(Hungary)[J].Sedimenta-ry Geology,2002,151(3/4):225-242.
[14]Moore C H.Carbonate reservoirs-porosity evolution and digene-sis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:145-183,291-340.
[15]Davies G R,Smith L B Jr.Structurally controlled hydrothermaldolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[16]Luczaj J A,Harrison W B III,Williams N S.Fractured hydrothermaldolomite reservoirs in the Devonian Dundee Formation of the centralMichigan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1787-1801.
[17]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):90-93.Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,Dong Chuanwan,et al.Study onthermal events of Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(10):90-93.
[18]强子同.碳酸盐储层地质学[M].东营:石油大学出版社:1998,207-257.Qiang Zhitong.Carbonate reservoir geology[M].Dongying:Pressof the University of Petroleum,China,1998:207-257.
[19]郑荣才,耿威,郑超,等.川东北地区飞仙关组优质白云岩储层的成因[J].石油学报,2008,29(6):815-821.Zheng Rongcai,Geng Wei,Zheng Chao,et al.Genesis of dolos-tone reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Lower Triassic ofnortheast Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(6):815-821.
[20]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):698-704.Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan.Hydrothermal alterationdolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):698-704.
[21]彭苏萍,何宏,邵龙义,等.塔里木盆地-O碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(4):353-357.Peng Suping,He Hong,Shao Longyi,et al.Carbon isotopic com-positions of the Cambrian-Ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(4):353-357.
[22]石强.利用自然伽马能谱测井定量计算黏土矿物成分方法初探[J].测井技术,1998,22(5):349-352.Shi Qiang.Preliminary investigation on quantitative analysis ofthe composition of clay minerals using NGS log[J].Well LoggingTechnology,1998,22(5):349-352.
[23]Smith L B Jr.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordo-vician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs inNew York[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1691-1718.
[2]顾家裕.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩特征及成因[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(2):120-122.Gu Jiayu.Characteristics and origin analysis of dolomite in LowerOrdovician of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(2):120-122.
[3]杨威,王清华,刘效曾.塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):544-548.Yang Wei,Wang Qinghua,Liu Xiaozeng.Dolomite origin ofLower Ordovician in Hetian River gas field,Tarim Basin[J].Ac-ta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(4):544-548.
[4]钱一雄,尤东华.塔中地区西北部奥陶系白云岩(化)成因分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):146-150.Qian Yixiong,You Donghua.An analysis of Ordovician dolomitisationorigin in northwestern Tazhong area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geolo-gy,2006,27(2):146-150.
[5]李凌,谭秀成,陈景山,等.塔中北部中下奥陶统鹰山组白云岩特征及成因[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,27(3):35-40.Li Ling,Tan Xiucheng,Chen Jingshan,et al.Characteristics andorigin of dolostones in Yingshan Formation,Lower and MiddleOrdovician,north of central Tarim Basin[J].Journal of South-west Petroleum University,2007,27(3):35-40.
[6]张学丰,胡文瑄,张军涛,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云石化流体来源的地球化学分析[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):80-89.Zhang Xuefeng,Hu Wenxuan,Zhang Juntao,et al.Geochemical ana-lyses on dolomitizing fluids of Lower Ordovician carbonate reservoirin Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):80-89.
[7]陈永权,周新源,杨文静.塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩的主要成因及其储层评价[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(4):10-17.Chen Yongquan,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Wenjing.Genesis of Cam-brian dolostone and the reservoir evaluation in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(4):10-17.
[8]沈安江,郑剑锋,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层类型及特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(4):1-9.Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Pan wenqing,et al.Types and thecharacteristics of Lowe paleozoic dolostone reservois in TarimBasin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(4):1-9.
[9]郑荣才,党录瑞,郑超,等.川东-渝北黄龙组碳酸盐岩储层的成岩系统[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):237-245.Zheng Rongcai,Dang Lurui,Zheng Chao,et al.Diagenetic systemof carbonate reservoir in Huanglong formation from east Sichuanto north Chongqing area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):237-245.
[10]赵俊兴,陈洪德,张锦泉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五段白云岩成因机理研究[J].石油学报,2005,26(5):38-47.Zhao Junxing,Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinquan,et al.Genesis ofdolomite in the fifth member of Majiagou Formation in the mid-dle Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(5)38-45.
[11]Butler G P.Evaporate deposition and geochemistry of coexistingbrines,the sabkha,Trucial Coast,Arabian Gulf[J].Journal ofSedimentary Petrology,1969,39:70-89.
[12]Mckenzie J A.Holocene dolomitization of calcium carbonate sedi-ments from the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi,UAE:a stable iso-tope study[J].Journal of Geology,1981,89:185-198.
[13]Haas J,Demeny A.Early dolomitisation of Late Triassic platformcarbonates in the Transdanubian Range(Hungary)[J].Sedimenta-ry Geology,2002,151(3/4):225-242.
[14]Moore C H.Carbonate reservoirs-porosity evolution and digene-sis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:145-183,291-340.
[15]Davies G R,Smith L B Jr.Structurally controlled hydrothermaldolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[16]Luczaj J A,Harrison W B III,Williams N S.Fractured hydrothermaldolomite reservoirs in the Devonian Dundee Formation of the centralMichigan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1787-1801.
[17]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):90-93.Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,Dong Chuanwan,et al.Study onthermal events of Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(10):90-93.
[18]强子同.碳酸盐储层地质学[M].东营:石油大学出版社:1998,207-257.Qiang Zhitong.Carbonate reservoir geology[M].Dongying:Pressof the University of Petroleum,China,1998:207-257.
[19]郑荣才,耿威,郑超,等.川东北地区飞仙关组优质白云岩储层的成因[J].石油学报,2008,29(6):815-821.Zheng Rongcai,Geng Wei,Zheng Chao,et al.Genesis of dolos-tone reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Lower Triassic ofnortheast Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(6):815-821.
[20]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):698-704.Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan.Hydrothermal alterationdolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):698-704.
[21]彭苏萍,何宏,邵龙义,等.塔里木盆地-O碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(4):353-357.Peng Suping,He Hong,Shao Longyi,et al.Carbon isotopic com-positions of the Cambrian-Ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(4):353-357.
[22]石强.利用自然伽马能谱测井定量计算黏土矿物成分方法初探[J].测井技术,1998,22(5):349-352.Shi Qiang.Preliminary investigation on quantitative analysis ofthe composition of clay minerals using NGS log[J].Well LoggingTechnology,1998,22(5):349-352.
[23]Smith L B Jr.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordo-vician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs inNew York[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1691-1718.
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