塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析
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摘要
沙井子构造带位于塔里木盆地西北缘,是分隔阿瓦提凹陷和温宿凸起的边界断裂。它是塔里木盆地研究最薄弱的大型断裂构造带之一。根据系统、精细的地震资料解释,沙井子构造带存在3套断裂体系:深部楔状冲断构造、狭义沙井子断裂和浅部的伸张构造。深部楔状冲断构造形成于志留纪—泥盆纪,由北西倾向的主冲断层和南东倾向的反冲断层形成构造楔;构造楔主要由前寒武纪变质岩组成,冲断前锋楔入于寒武系中部,造成上覆地层向温宿凸起方向的急剧抬升。狭义的沙井子断裂,即通常所说的沙井子断裂,为一条高角度基底卷入型挤压走滑断裂,形成于二叠纪末—三叠纪初,错断了早期的深部冲断楔。浅部的伸展构造形成于第四纪早-中期,为一系列较小规模的正断层,沿狭义沙井子断裂呈右步雁列状排列,构成左行剪切张扭性断裂带。深部的楔状冲断构造和浅部的伸展构造是本次研究的新发现。
Shajingzi structural belt is a boundary structural belt between Awati sag and Wensu uplift at NW margin of Tarim Basin.It is one of the poorest studied large fault structural belts in Tarim Basin.On the basis of fine interpretation of seismic data,Shajingzi structural belt is consisted of 3 sets of fault systems:the deep-buried wedge-shipped thrust system,the narrowsense Shajingzi fault system and the extensional tectonics near the Earth surface.The deepburied wedge-shipped thrust structure was formed by the NW dipped fore-thrust fault and its SE dipped back thrust fault in Silurian-Devonian.The wedge is composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks.The front of the wedge penetrated into the Cambrian caused the upper rocks lifting toward the northwest and forming a slope.The narrow sense Sahjingzi fault,i.e.,the traditionally named Shajingzi fault is a basement-involved compressive strike-slip fault with high dip angle formed from latest Permian to beginning Triassic.It cut off the ancient thrust wedge. The extensional tectonics near the Earth surface was formed in Earl-Middle Quaternary.A series of normal faults arrange in right lateral en echelon along narrow sense Shajingzi fault,and constitute 2 sinistral tenso-shear normal fault zones.The deep buried thrust wedge and the Quaternary extensional tectonics are new discoveries of this paper.
Shajingzi structural belt is a boundary structural belt between Awati sag and Wensu uplift at NW margin of Tarim Basin.It is one of the poorest studied large fault structural belts in Tarim Basin.On the basis of fine interpretation of seismic data,Shajingzi structural belt is consisted of 3 sets of fault systems:the deep-buried wedge-shipped thrust system,the narrowsense Shajingzi fault system and the extensional tectonics near the Earth surface.The deepburied wedge-shipped thrust structure was formed by the NW dipped fore-thrust fault and its SE dipped back thrust fault in Silurian-Devonian.The wedge is composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks.The front of the wedge penetrated into the Cambrian caused the upper rocks lifting toward the northwest and forming a slope.The narrow sense Sahjingzi fault,i.e.,the traditionally named Shajingzi fault is a basement-involved compressive strike-slip fault with high dip angle formed from latest Permian to beginning Triassic.It cut off the ancient thrust wedge. The extensional tectonics near the Earth surface was formed in Earl-Middle Quaternary.A series of normal faults arrange in right lateral en echelon along narrow sense Shajingzi fault,and constitute 2 sinistral tenso-shear normal fault zones.The deep buried thrust wedge and the Quaternary extensional tectonics are new discoveries of this paper.
引文
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耿玉海,李江海,贺电.2008.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部圈闭类型、分布及空间组合规律.北京大学学报,44(2): 193-200. Geng Yuhai,Li Jianghai and He Dian.2008.Trap types,distribution and the law of spatial combination in the west Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,44(2):193-200.
郭令智,施央申,卢华复.1992.印藏碰撞的2种远距离效应.见:李清波,戴金星,刘如琦主编.现代地质学研究文集(上).南京:南京大学出版社.1-7. Guo Lingzhi,Shi Yangshen and Lu Hufu.1992.Two kinds of long distance effect by collision of Indian and Qingzang tectonic plate.In;Li Qingbo,Dai Jinxing and Liu Ruqi(Eds.).Symposium of the Researches on Modern Geology[Volume I].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press.1-7.
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何治亮,徐宏节,段铁军.2005.塔里木多旋回盆地复合构造样式初步分析.地质科学,40(2):153-166. He Zhiliang,Xu Hongjie and Duan Tiejun.2005.A preliminary analysis on compound structural styles in the Tarim polycyclic basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(2):153-166.
贾承造.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社.1-438. Jia Chengzao.1997.Tectonic Characteristics and Oil-Gas of Tarim Basin,China.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.1-438.
贾承造,张师本,伍绍祖.2004.塔里木盆地及周边地层(上册).北京:科学出版社.20-110. Jia Chengzao,Zhang Shiben and Wu Shaozu.2004.Stratigraphy of the Tarim Basin and Adjacent Areas(VolumeⅠ).Beijing: Science Press.20-110.
李传新,郭召杰.2011.晚新生代天山北缘构造变形定量研究.地质科学,46(3):709-722. Li Chuanxin and Guo Zhaojie.2011.Quantitative analyses of Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation across the northern Tianshan forland.Chinese Journal of Geology,46(3):709-722.
李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,杨海军,韩剑发,李新生,董立胜.2008a.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景.地质科学,43(1):82-118. Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Li Xinsheng and Dong Lisheng.2008a.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:Geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(1):82-118.
李曰俊,吴根耀,雷刚林,张敬洲,王月然,刘亚雷.2008b.新疆库车新生代前陆褶皱冲断带的变形特征、时代和机制.地质科学,43(3):488-506. Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Lei Ganglin,Zhang Jingzhou,Wang Yueran and Liu Yalei.2008b.Deformational features,ages and mechanism of the Cenozoic Kuqa foreland fold-and-thrust belt in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(3):488-506.
李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,师骏,冯晓军,郑民.2008c.塔里木西部地区古生代断裂活动的方式和机制.地质科学,43 (4):727-745. Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,Shi Jun,Feng Xiaojun and Zheng Min.2008c.Active modes and mechanism of the Paleozoic faulting in western Tarim.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(4):727-745.
刘志宏,林东成,王文革,张立国,高军义,任林伟,刘安英.2001.塔里木盆地吐木休克断裂带的研究.长春科技大学学报,31(3):219-223,235. Liu Zhihong,Lin Dongcheng,Wang Wenge,Zhang Liguo,Gao Junyi,Ren Linwei and Liu Anying.2001.Study on Tumuxiuke fault belt in Tarim Basin.Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology,31(3):219-223,235.
刘志宏,王文革,林东成,张立国.2003.塔里木盆地吐木休克断裂带断层封闭性研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),33 (1):18-25. Liu Zhihong,Wang Wenge,Lin Dongcheng and Zhang Liguo.2003.Study on the fault sealing properties of Tumuxiuke fault in Tarim Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),33(1):18-25.
卢华复,贾东,蔡东升,吴世敏,陈楚铭,施央中,郭令智.1998.塔西北柯坪剪切挤压构造.高校地质学报,4(1):50-58. Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,Cai Dongsheng,Wu Shimin,Chen Churning,Shi Yangshen and Guo Lingzhi.1998.On the Kalpin transgression tectonics of northwest Tarim Basin.Geological Journal of China Universities,4(1):50-58.
孟庆龙,李曰俊,师骏,敬兵,冯晓军,赵岩.2008a.塔里木盆地西部色力布亚断裂和康西断裂的主要特征及活动时代.地质科学,43(2):282-293. Meng Qinglong,Li Yuejun,Shi Jun,Jing Bing,Feng Xiaojun and Zhao Yan.2008a.Main characters and active ages of the Serikbuya and Kangxi flaults in the western Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(2):282-293.
孟庆龙,李曰俊,敬兵,师骏,冯晓军.2008b.塔里木盆地西部巴什托普断裂的主要特征及其油气勘探意义.地质科学,43(3):569-575. Meng Qinglong,Li Yuejun,Jing Bing,Shi Jun and Feng Xiaojun.2008b.Main characteristics of the Bashituopu fault and its petroleum potential in the western Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(3):569-575.
孙龙德,周新源,王国林.2005.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向.地质科学,40(2):167-178. Sun Longde,Zhou Xinyuan and Wang Guolin.2005.Contributions of petroleum geology and main directions of oil-gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(2):167-178.
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