泥页岩裂缝研究进展
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摘要
国内外大量泥岩裂缝油气藏不断发现和近年来北美地区页岩气勘探获得的巨大成功表明,泥页岩裂缝的研究尤为重要。在对国内外泥页岩裂缝研究成果全面系统调研和详细深入分析总结的基础上,认为与其他岩石类型的储层相比,塑性相对较大的泥页岩储层在裂缝类型与成因、裂缝识别方法、裂缝参数估算、裂缝分布预测等方面既有共性也有其特殊性。依据成因将泥页岩储层裂缝划分出了构造裂缝和非构造裂缝两大类和12个亚类,不同类型裂缝的特征及形成机理均不相同。构造裂缝主要为高角度剪切裂缝、张剪性裂缝和低角度滑脱裂缝等,属于韧性剪切破裂。泥页岩非构造裂缝较其他岩性储层更发育,是由成岩、干裂、超压、风化、矿物相变、重结晶及压溶作用形成的收缩裂缝、缝合线、超压裂缝及风化裂缝等。在此基础上,总结了利用地质、地震、钻井、测井和构造应力等资料,进行泥页岩裂缝识别、裂缝参数估算、裂缝储层分布预测等方法。并提出了目前泥页岩裂缝研究中存在的主要问题与发展趋势。
Discovery of numbers of fractured reservoirs in shale around the world and recent great progress of North American shale gas exploration shows the study of the fractures in shale is quite important.On the basis of the literature research of shale fractures research findings around the world,shale reservoir with strong plasticity has common and specificity,compared with other types of rock,on fractures type and origin,identification method,parameter estimation,and distribution prediction.The shale reservoir fractures can de classified into two groups of fracture according to their origin,structural and non-structural fracture,and 12 sub-classes.Different class of fractures has different characteristics and origin.Structural fractures,including high-angle shear fracture,Tensile and shear fractures and low-angle slip fracture,belong to ductile shear fracture.Non-structural fracture in shale,more developed than other types of lithology,such as shrinkage fractures,stylolites,over-pressured fractures and weathered fracture,resulted from diagenesis,drying crack,over-pressure,mineral phase transformation,recrystallization,and pressure-solution.Then we summarize the methods of fracture identification,parameter estimation,fracture reservoir distribution prediction using geological,seismic,drilling and logging and structural stress,and then propose current problems and trend of study on shale fracture reservoir nowadays.
Discovery of numbers of fractured reservoirs in shale around the world and recent great progress of North American shale gas exploration shows the study of the fractures in shale is quite important.On the basis of the literature research of shale fractures research findings around the world,shale reservoir with strong plasticity has common and specificity,compared with other types of rock,on fractures type and origin,identification method,parameter estimation,and distribution prediction.The shale reservoir fractures can de classified into two groups of fracture according to their origin,structural and non-structural fracture,and 12 sub-classes.Different class of fractures has different characteristics and origin.Structural fractures,including high-angle shear fracture,Tensile and shear fractures and low-angle slip fracture,belong to ductile shear fracture.Non-structural fracture in shale,more developed than other types of lithology,such as shrinkage fractures,stylolites,over-pressured fractures and weathered fracture,resulted from diagenesis,drying crack,over-pressure,mineral phase transformation,recrystallization,and pressure-solution.Then we summarize the methods of fracture identification,parameter estimation,fracture reservoir distribution prediction using geological,seismic,drilling and logging and structural stress,and then propose current problems and trend of study on shale fracture reservoir nowadays.
引文
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