改进的正交多项式变换在地震资料去噪中的应用
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摘要
水平叠加虽然在很大程度上压制了噪声,提高了地震剖面的信噪比,但CMP道集上还存在不少不是一次波的规则干扰和随机噪声,不利于叠前资料的岩性反演和叠后资料的波阻抗反演.本文提出了基于改进的正交多项式变换压制地震资料中随机噪声的方法,其优势在于:通过对不同时间信号的奇异值分解,确定有效信号正交多项式系数谱的阶数;再利用小波变换,改善有效信号和噪声在低阶上的混叠.文中给出了具体处理的过程,数据试验和实际资料的处理结果表明该方法不仅能有效地压制噪声,而且还能较好地保护地震数据中AVO变化特征.
To a large extent,Horizontal stacking suppresses the noise and improves the signal to noise ratio of seismic profile,but there remains much organized noise such as non-primary wave and random noise in the CMP gather.In the meantime,it will not be helpful for lithological inversion on pre-stack data and wave impedance inversion on post-stack data.Based on the problems above,a novel method for seismic noise reduction is put forward on the basis of an improved orthogonal polynomials transform in seismic material.Compared with conventional orthogonal polynomials transform,the proposed method has some superiorities: to determine orders of spectrum of orthogonal polynomials coefficients of effective signal by SVD for the signal at different time;to improve the aliasing problem of effective signal and noise at lower order in some way by wavelet transform.The specific processing procedure is given,and results of synthetic and field data examples show that the improved method can effectively suppress seismic noise and preserve the variation characteristics of AVO in seismic data.
To a large extent,Horizontal stacking suppresses the noise and improves the signal to noise ratio of seismic profile,but there remains much organized noise such as non-primary wave and random noise in the CMP gather.In the meantime,it will not be helpful for lithological inversion on pre-stack data and wave impedance inversion on post-stack data.Based on the problems above,a novel method for seismic noise reduction is put forward on the basis of an improved orthogonal polynomials transform in seismic material.Compared with conventional orthogonal polynomials transform,the proposed method has some superiorities: to determine orders of spectrum of orthogonal polynomials coefficients of effective signal by SVD for the signal at different time;to improve the aliasing problem of effective signal and noise at lower order in some way by wavelet transform.The specific processing procedure is given,and results of synthetic and field data examples show that the improved method can effectively suppress seismic noise and preserve the variation characteristics of AVO in seismic data.
引文
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[2]国九英,周兴元,杨慧珠.三维f-x,y域随机噪音衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):207-215.Guo J Y,Zhou X Y,Yang H Z.Attenuation of Random noisein(f-x,y)domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1995,30(2):207-215.
[3]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰,等.多项式Radon变换[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263-271.Niu B H,Sun C Y,Zhang Z J,et al.Polynomial radontransform[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):263-271.
[4]张宇,张关泉.小波变换用于去除高频随机噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):327-337.Zhang Y,Zhang G Q.High-frequency random noiseelimination using wavelet transform[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),1997,32(3):327-337.
[5]乔强,周激流,何坤,等.基于小波变换的非平稳信号去噪[J].计算机应用研究,2005,22(8):161-163.Qiao Q,Zhou J L,He K,et al.Noise reduction of non-stationary signal based on wavelet transform[J].ApplicationResearch of Computers(in Chinese),2005,22(8):161-163.
[6]余寿朋,蔡希玲.用地震信号多项式拟合提高叠加剖面信噪比[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(2):131-139.Yu S P,Cai X L.Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio of stacksection using polynomial fitting of seismic signals[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1988,23(2):131-139.
[7]刘贵忠,宗涛,章珂,等.利用纵向小波包变换和横向多项式拟合提高地震信号的信噪比和分辨率[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(5):585-592.Liu G Z,Zong T,Zhang K,et al.Improving both seismicsignal-noise ratio and resolution by vertical wavelet packagetransform and lateral polynomial fitting[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),1995,30(5):585-592.
[8]李鲲鹏,刘业新,李衍达,等.小波变换的过零点特性与地震勘探信号的信噪比和分辨率[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):561-568.Li K P,Liu Y X,Li Y D,et al.Zero crossing property ofwavelet transform and improvement of both seismic signal-noise ratio and resolution[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1997,40(4):561-568.
[9]陆文凯,张学工,李衍达,等.时频域零炮检距地震道拟合[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):56-59.Lu W K,Zhang X G,Li Y D,et al.Fitting a zero-offsetseismic trace in time-frequency domain[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(1):56-59.
[10]杨云飞,王华忠,曹景忠.正交多项式逼近去白噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(6):704-706.Yang Y F,Wang J H,Cao J Z.Using orthogonalpolynomials for elimination white noise[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(6):704-706.
[11]夏洪瑞,董江伟,邹少峰,等.常规二次多项式拟合地震数据[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):492-496.Xia H R,Dong J W,Zou S F,et al.Normal quadraticpolynomial fitting seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(2):492-496.
[12]钟伟,杨宝俊,张智.多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):184-189.Zhong W,Yang B J,Zhang Z.Research on application ofpolynomial fitting technique in highly noisy seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):184-189.
[13]刘伟,杨凯,王征,等.基于SVD的正交多项式变换及其在地震资料处理中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2010,7(4):434-436.Liu W,Yang K,Wang Z,et al.Orthogonal polynomialstransform based on SVD and its application in seismic dataprocessing[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,7(4):434-436.
[14]Liu G C,Chen X H,Li J Y,et al.Seismic noise attenuationusing nonstationary polynomial fitting[J].AppliedGeophysics,2011,8(1):18-26.
[15]Johansen T A,Bruland L,Lutro J.Tracking the amplitudeversus offset(AVO)by using orthogonal polynomials[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(2):245-261.
[16]刘洋,李承楚.地震资料信噪比估计的几种方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(2):257-262.Liu Y,Li C C.Some methods for estimating the signal-noiseratio of seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1997,32(2):257-262.
[2]国九英,周兴元,杨慧珠.三维f-x,y域随机噪音衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):207-215.Guo J Y,Zhou X Y,Yang H Z.Attenuation of Random noisein(f-x,y)domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1995,30(2):207-215.
[3]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰,等.多项式Radon变换[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263-271.Niu B H,Sun C Y,Zhang Z J,et al.Polynomial radontransform[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):263-271.
[4]张宇,张关泉.小波变换用于去除高频随机噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):327-337.Zhang Y,Zhang G Q.High-frequency random noiseelimination using wavelet transform[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),1997,32(3):327-337.
[5]乔强,周激流,何坤,等.基于小波变换的非平稳信号去噪[J].计算机应用研究,2005,22(8):161-163.Qiao Q,Zhou J L,He K,et al.Noise reduction of non-stationary signal based on wavelet transform[J].ApplicationResearch of Computers(in Chinese),2005,22(8):161-163.
[6]余寿朋,蔡希玲.用地震信号多项式拟合提高叠加剖面信噪比[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(2):131-139.Yu S P,Cai X L.Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio of stacksection using polynomial fitting of seismic signals[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1988,23(2):131-139.
[7]刘贵忠,宗涛,章珂,等.利用纵向小波包变换和横向多项式拟合提高地震信号的信噪比和分辨率[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(5):585-592.Liu G Z,Zong T,Zhang K,et al.Improving both seismicsignal-noise ratio and resolution by vertical wavelet packagetransform and lateral polynomial fitting[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),1995,30(5):585-592.
[8]李鲲鹏,刘业新,李衍达,等.小波变换的过零点特性与地震勘探信号的信噪比和分辨率[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):561-568.Li K P,Liu Y X,Li Y D,et al.Zero crossing property ofwavelet transform and improvement of both seismic signal-noise ratio and resolution[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1997,40(4):561-568.
[9]陆文凯,张学工,李衍达,等.时频域零炮检距地震道拟合[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):56-59.Lu W K,Zhang X G,Li Y D,et al.Fitting a zero-offsetseismic trace in time-frequency domain[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(1):56-59.
[10]杨云飞,王华忠,曹景忠.正交多项式逼近去白噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(6):704-706.Yang Y F,Wang J H,Cao J Z.Using orthogonalpolynomials for elimination white noise[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(6):704-706.
[11]夏洪瑞,董江伟,邹少峰,等.常规二次多项式拟合地震数据[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):492-496.Xia H R,Dong J W,Zou S F,et al.Normal quadraticpolynomial fitting seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(2):492-496.
[12]钟伟,杨宝俊,张智.多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):184-189.Zhong W,Yang B J,Zhang Z.Research on application ofpolynomial fitting technique in highly noisy seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):184-189.
[13]刘伟,杨凯,王征,等.基于SVD的正交多项式变换及其在地震资料处理中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2010,7(4):434-436.Liu W,Yang K,Wang Z,et al.Orthogonal polynomialstransform based on SVD and its application in seismic dataprocessing[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,7(4):434-436.
[14]Liu G C,Chen X H,Li J Y,et al.Seismic noise attenuationusing nonstationary polynomial fitting[J].AppliedGeophysics,2011,8(1):18-26.
[15]Johansen T A,Bruland L,Lutro J.Tracking the amplitudeversus offset(AVO)by using orthogonal polynomials[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(2):245-261.
[16]刘洋,李承楚.地震资料信噪比估计的几种方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(2):257-262.Liu Y,Li C C.Some methods for estimating the signal-noiseratio of seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1997,32(2):257-262.
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